• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1994

Effective thermal conductivity of rice starch was measured by the probe method. The thermal conductivity increased from $0.065{\sim}0.09\;W/mK$ to $0.13{\sim}0.23\;W/mK$ as the moisture content increased from 0 to 28.2%. At constant bulk density, the temperature effect on the thermal conductivity was positive and getting larger as the moisture content increased. In the moisture range $7.2{\sim}33.6%$, a very weak peak was found at $65^{\circ}C$ in DSC thermogram. Positive effect of interaction between temperature and moisture content on the thermal conductivity was thought to be due to the increase of thermal conductivity of water with temperature, not to starch gelatinization phenomenon. A regression equation $(r^{2}=0.963)$, Ke=-0.111+0.000203 T+0.00173 M.C.+0.000247 $P_{b}+0.000035$ M.C. T, was obtained in the range of moisture content (M.C.) of $0{\sim}28.2%$ (w.b.), temperature (T) of $25{\sim}70^{\circ}C$ and the bulk density $(P_{b})$ of $650{\sim}800\;kg/m^{3}$

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.915-927
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• 2000

This paper is concerned with degenerate Volterra equations Mu(t) + ∫(sub)0(sup)t k(t-s) Lu(s)ds = f(t) in Banach spaces both in the hyperbolic case, and the parabolic one. The key assumption is played by the representation of the underlying space X as a direct sum X = N(T) + R(T), where T is the bounded linear operator T = ML(sup)-1. Hyperbolicity means that the part T of T in R(T) is an abstract potential operator, i.e., -T(sup)-1 generates a C(sub)0-semigroup, and parabolicity means that -T(sup)-1 generates an analytic semigroup. A maximal regularity result is obtained for parabolic equations. We will also investigate the cases where the kernel k($.$) is degenerated or singular at t=0 using the results of Pruss[8] on analytic resolvents. Finally, we consider the case where $\lambda$ is a pole for ($\lambda$L + M)(sup)-1.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 1981

This study deals with the high temperature (600-135$0^{\circ}C$) properties of Kaolin-Phosphate-Water systems. Phosphoric acid, mono aluminum phosphate, mono ammonium phosphate, the mixture of phosphoric acid and mono aluminum phosphate, and the mixture of phosphoric acid and mono ammonium phosphate were used to characterize the M.O.R of the systems with to quantity of phosphates and firing temperature. Firing shrinkage, creeptest, DTA, TGA, and X-ray diffraction patterns were also measured in order to investigate the factors of strengthening. The resules of the experiments are as follows: 1. Linear shrinkage of kaolin-phosphate systems become larger as the firing temperature rise, and generally in the firing temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ and 100$0^{\circ}C$ the test pieces with phosphate binder show larger then Kaolin-Water system in linear shrinkage and reversed trends were found at 120$0^{\circ}C$ and 135$0^{\circ}C$. 2. Cold M.O.R. of kaolin-phosphate systems show higher trends in strength as the firing temperature rise. Comparing M.O.R. of test pieces after firing at 135$0^{\circ}C$, the mixture of phosphoric acid-mono aluminum phosphate, and phosphoric acid mono ammonium phosphate systems show higher strength than kaolin-mono aluminum phosphate system which widely used, and it shows highest strength when the mole ratio of phosphoric acid and mono ammonium phosphate is 1:1 among the test pieces of kaolin-phosphate systems. 3. The refractoriness of kaolin-phosphate systems are more deteriorated than Kaolin-Water system, and generally, the more addition of phosphate, the lower the refractoriness, however in the range of 4-8% phosphate addition, the difference of the fusion temperature is about 7$0^{\circ}C$. 4. The test pieces of T1 and T2 in creep test were same or even higher than kaolin-water system when 6% of phosphoric acid-mono ammonium phosphate was added to kaolin. 5. In case where the phosphoric acid-mono ammonium phosphate was added to kaolin in mole ratio 1:1 the cold M.O.R., after firing at 135$0^{\circ}C$, refractoriness and $T_2$ in creep test show better results than kaolin-mono-aluminum phosphate system which is widely used. 6. Phosphoric acid and mono ammonium phosphate react with kaolin in temperature over 100$0^{\circ}C$, and it forms aluminum phosphate.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.472-482
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• 1994

Cytokines expressed specifically in leukocytes subsets and in activated cells, which are involved in chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes, are recently defined as chemokines. Macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\alpha}(MIP-1{\alpha})$ and $MIP-1{\beta}$ are members of C-C chemokine subfamily which produces wide immunomodulatory, proinflammatory, and hematopoietic modulatory actions. We have studied their gene expression by using Northern blot analysis in various blood cells such as cytolytic T lymphocyte(CTL), helper T lymphocyte(HTL), macrophage, and B lymphocyte. Resting CTL line CTLL-R8 expressed $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA which was downregulated by ConA stimulation. Both of resting and ConA stimulated HTL line Hut78 and Jurkat did not express $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. There was detectable $MIP-1{\alpha}$ transcript in HTL hybridoma 2B4.11 which was a little upstimulated by ConA stimulation. B cell line 230, and macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and WR19M.1 showed distinct $MIP-1{\alpha}$ message which were induced after LPS stimulation. Expression pattern of $MIP-1{\beta}$ in all cell lines or cell were almost identical to that of $MIP-1{\alpha}$. Also strategies employed to identify and characterize the biological functions was preceded by receptor cloning to trace the shorcut to the final goal of cytokine research. For the cloning of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ receptor(R), we used synthetic oligonucleotides of transmembrane(T) conserved sequences of already cloned human(h) IL-8-R, and performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification using murine(m) macrophage cell line mRNA. Among 5RT-PCR products, we isolated a homologous cDNA with hIL-8-R which were shown to be putative mIL-8-R cDNA.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1492-1495
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• 2018

This paper studies the influence of temperature on electrical resistivity in ${\alpha}-InAs$ thin films between 30 K-2K based on the analysis of Mott VRH model and ES VRH model. The effect of the interactions between electrons at lower temperature must be considered, therefore, ES VRH conduction will dominate mechanism, and the crossover from Mott to ES VRH conduction is observed about 7 K. Based on available experiment data and VRH conduction model, the parameters of VRH conduction are determined. And the calculated values of $T_C$ are consistent with the experimental results. In addition, $R_M/{\xi}$, ${\Delta}_M/kT$, $R_{ES}/{\xi}$ and ${\Delta}_{ES}/kT$ are satisfied with the validity of Mott and ES models. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of resistivity at low temperature obeys a universal scaling law, which well describes the overall temperature range of VRH conduction. However, the values of $T^{\prime}_M$ from the universal function are two order of magnitudes lower than $T_M$ deduced from fitting experiment.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.429-435
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• 2003

This paper presents the case studies of Tubular Roof construction Method(T.R.c.M) and Semi Shield method, which were applied to the tunnel excavation under the pre-existing railways. It was proved that T.R.c.M was an effective and safe method for the tunnel excavated in soft soil, giving little damage to the railways located a few meters above. Semi Shield was also performed successfully to bore a tunnel in soft and hard rock, minimizing the ground settlement and tilting of vulnerable fuel tanks. Site and soil conditions are also discussed, which led these relatively new methods to success. Finally, comparison of the measurement results and the design values are made to verify and improve the current design practice.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.200.2-201
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• 2000

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.936-940
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• 2008

The PCR-amplified prion protein (PrP) gene was sequenced to determine the frequency of scrapie-associated as well as novel PrP genotypes in 72 healthy goats representing five breeds. A total of six genotypes were detected, resulting from the three reported 143 (H/R), 154 (R/H) and 240 (S/P) and the two novel 39 (S/R) and 185 (I/F) amino acid polymorphisms. Of the four silent mutations 42 (a$\rightarrow$g), 138 (c$\rightarrow$t), 231 (c$\rightarrow$a) and 237 (g$\rightarrow$c) detected in this study, 237 (g$\rightarrow$c) is novel. A genotype (SIP/RFP) harboring three amino acid polymorphisms 39 (S/R), 185 (I/F) and 240 (S/P) was found in few goats. Although both scrapie-associated genotypes with 143 (H/R) and 154 (R/H) polymorphisms and others with 39 (S/R), 185 (I/F) and 240 (S/P) polymorphisms were present in the studied Pakistani goats, their frequency was lower than that of the wild-type genotype SHRIS/SHRIS (34.7%). These results emphasize the need for further sequencing of the PrP gene in a large number of goats representing the five studied breeds, so that overall PrP variability can be assessed in these breeds in research addressing future concerns about scrapie.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.462-466
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• 1998

The homobimetallic anion, $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2Mn(CO)_5-M^+\; (M^+=Na^+, PPN^+$) was disrupted by $PR_3\;(R=C_6H_5,\;C_2H_5,\;OCH_3)$ in THF at various temperatures (r.t. ∼65℃) under the pseudo first order reaction conditions where excess of $PR_3$ was employed under a nitrogen atmosphere. For the reaction involving $PPN^+$ analog, Mn-Mn heterolytic cleavage occurred, leading to $PPN^+Mn(CO)_5^-\; and \;({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2PR_3$ as products; however, in case of $Na^+\; analog,\; Na^+$ seems to play a novel counter ion effect on the disruption reaction by transferring one terminal CO from the $Mn(CO)_5$ moiety on to the $({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_2$ of the corresponding homobimetallic complex, eventually resulting in $Na^+Mn(CO)_4PR_3^-\;and\;({\eta}^5-MeCp)Mn(CO)_3$. This reaction is of overall first order with respect to [homobimetallic complex] with the activation parameters (ΔH≠=23.0±0.7 kcal/mol, ΔS≠= - 8.7±0.8 e.u. for $Na^+$ analog; ΔH≠=28.8±0.4 kcal/mol, ΔS≠=15.7±0.6 e.u. for $PPN^+$ analog reaction).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2003

The bioequivalence of two tablet formulations of 12.72mg domperidone maleate (Sinil "$Perinal^{\circledR}$" tablets vs. Janssen Korea "Motilium-$M^{\circledR}$" tablets) was assessed in healthy Korean volunteers after oral administration in a randomized crossover study. Blood samples were collected at spccified time intervals, and plasma concentration was measured as the amount of domperidone base using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters of $AUC_{0{\rightarrow}48},\; C_{max},\;T_{max}$ and $t_{1/2}$ were determined from plasma concentration-time profile of two formulations. Any significant statistical differences were not observed between these two formulations. On the evaluation of bioequivalence according to Korea Food and Drug Administration Guideline, 90％ confidence limits after logmithmic transformation fell within the acceptable range (log 0.8∼log 1.25). Based on these data, it can be concluded that two domperidone maleate tablets showed comparable pharmacokinetic profiles, which means that the Sinil "$Perinal^{\circledR}$" tablet is bioequivalent to the Janssen Korea ""Motilium-M$^{\circledR}$".