• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2012

본 연구는 엄나무와 참죽 햇순의 blanching 조건을 제시하기 위해 blanching 온도와 식염의 농도에 따른 품질 변화와 관능적 특성을 평가하였다. 또한 해동방법에 따른 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 평가하여 엄나무와 참죽 햇순의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 해동방법을 제시하고자 하였다. 엄나무와 참죽 햇순은 식염 첨가량(무첨가, 1%, 2%)과 blanching 시간(3분, 6분)을 달리하여 blanching하였으며, 해동은 저온($4^{\circ}C$), 상온($25^{\circ}C$), microwave를 이용하였다. Blanching 조건에 따른 색도, chlorophyll 함량, texture 측정 및 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 엄나무와 참죽 햇순은 $95^{\circ}C$, 식염 첨가 없이 3분간 blanching한 경우 품질 변화와 기호도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 해동방법에 따른 품질 특성을 평가한 결과 엄나무 햇순의 경우 상온 및 microwave 해동 시, 참죽 햇순의 경우 색도는 저온에서, texture는 상온해동에서 품질이 높게 평가되었으며, 해동방법에 따른 엄나무와 참죽 햇순의 기호도는 모두 microwave로 해동 시 가장 높게 평가되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2018

All the parts of the Cedrela sinensis A. Juss., including the seeds, roots, and leaves, have been known to exert medicinal effects. The C. sinensis and its major compound, quercetin, were previously reported to exhibit the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, the hepatoprotective effects of the C. sinensis leaves against the alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the HepG2 cells have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activities and analyzed the flavonoid contents of the C. sinensis-leaf extract (CE). The total flavonoid contents of the CE is 1,874.5 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), while the total quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin) contents, which was identified as the major flavonol in the CE, is 1,456.0 mg/100 g DW. In the ethanol-stimulated HepG2 cells, the CE effectively prevented the cytotoxic effect and increased the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, such as the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the glutathion peroxide (GPx). The level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was significantly decreased in the CE-treated HepG2 cells. In conclusion, the C. sinensis extract suppressed the alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the HepG2 cells via the induced GPx and HO-1 gene expressions. It is expected the CE positive effects will likely be attributed to the flavonoids, like the quercetin, within the CE.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2008

Clonorchis sinensis is one of the most prevalent parasitic helminths in Korea. Although cholangiocarcinoma can be induced by C. sinensis infection, the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. To assess the role of C. sinensis infection in carcinogenesis, an in vitro system was established using the human epithelial cell line HEK293T. In cells exposed to the excretory/secretory products (ESP) of C. sinensis and the carcinogen dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), cellular proliferation and the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase increased. Moreover, the expression of the cell cycle proteins E2F1, p-pRb, and cyclin B was dramatically increased when ESP and DMN were added together. Similarly, the transcription factor E2F1 showed its highest level of activity when ESP and DMN were added simultaneously. These findings indicate that DMN and ESP synergistically affect the regulation of cell cycle-related proteins. Our results suggest that exposure to C. sinensis and a small amount of a carcinogen such as DMN can promote carcinogenesis in the bile duct epithelium via uncontrolled cellular proliferation and the upregulation of cell cycle-related proteins.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2001

For defining the possibilities of the commercial mass liquid culture of Cordyceps sinensis, the pharmacological activities of mycelia were analyzed. The mycelium of C. sinensis consists of carbohydrate (5.1%) and fat (1.3%), and contains a low content of protein (0.7%) and ash (0.5%), and 92.4% moisture. The molecular sugar ratio of carbohydrate was composed mainly of glucose, mannose (1.0 : 0.9), in addition a small amount of galactose and arabinose (0.2 : 0.1). The cellular materials of mycelia were fractionated into ethylacetate (EA), MeOH (M) and hot-water extract fraction (HW). HW fraction showed the most potent intestinal immune system modulating activity, anti-coagulant activity, and anti-complementary activity, and M fraction had the inhibition activity of radical generation as effective as genistine. These results reveal that the mycelium of liquid cultured C. sinensis showed pharmacological activities and could be used for commercial purpose.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 1999

본 연구는 참죽나무 잎의 기능성을 검토하기 위하여 참죽나무 잎 용매 추출물의 항산화 효과를 합성항산화제인 BHA $\alpha$-tocopherol의 항산화 효과와 비교하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 참죽나무잎 추출물을 0.1M linoleic acid에 농도별(0.02, 0.1, 0.5, 1 및 3%)로 첨가한 것을 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 항온 저장시 기존의 항산화제와 비교하여 항산화력은 참죽나무 잎 methanol추추물(CME) 3%＞참죽나무 잎 methanol 추출물 1%＞ BHT 0.02%＞참죽나무 잎 ethyl acetate 추출물(CEAC) 3%＞CME 0.5%＞$\alpha$-tocopherol 0.02%＞CME 0.1과 0.02%＞CEAC 1, 0.5, 0.1 및 0.02%＞대조군 순으로 CME 1%가 BHT 0.02%보다도 높은 항산화력을 보였으나, CME 0.5%와 CEAC에서는 CME 1%와 3%에 비해 약간 낮은 항산화 효과를 보였다. 2. CME를 첨가한 대두유를 60$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 항온저장시 항산화 효과는 CME 1%＞BHT 0.02%＞CME 3%＞$\alpha$-tocopherol 0.02%＞대조군 순이었으며, CME l% 항산화 효과는 BHT보다 더 우수하였다. 3. CME의 상대적 항산화력(RAE)는 CME 1% 첨가시료가 가장 높은 항산화 효과를 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2010

The mycelial dispersed growth of Cordyceps sinensis was optimized in submerged batch culture at initial pH of 5.0, 150 rpm, and $25^{\circ}C$. The morphological data showed much more dispersed growth of C. sinenesis at initial pH of 5.0. Also, projected area, main hyphal length and number of tips for the mycelial growth of initial pH 5.0 were higher than those of other initial pHs. The industrial medium for mycelial production of C. sinensis was determined to be molasses of 100 g and crushed brewery yeast of 10 g per liter as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. With these culture conditions, the maximum production of mycelia was approximately 30.0 g per liter by batch culture in 5-liter jar fermenter with no controlled pH. This result suggests that large-scale mycelia production of C. sinensis may be possible in submerged batch culture. The hot water extract of mycelia from C. sinensis was mainly composed of 83.0% carbohydrate, 11.8% protein, 1.9% lipid, and 2.4% ash and there were present glucose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose as molar ratio of 8.79 : 2.59 : 1.34 : 1.0 in the carbohydrate, respectively. In the experiment using spleen cell and macrophage, the extract showed potent mitogenic and immuno-stimulating activities and among various components, an important factor that contribute to the immunological activities was turned out to be carbohydrate moiety.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.689-694
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• 2013

Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are parasites known to be carcinogenic and causative agents of cholangiocarcinoma in Asia. The standard method for diagnosis for those parasite infections is stool examination to detect parasite eggs. However, the method has low sensitivity, and eggs of O. viverrini and C. sinensis are difficult to distinguish from each other and from those of some other trematodes. Here, we report a multiplex real-time PCR coupled with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis for the differentiation of O. viverrini and C. sinensis eggs in fecal samples. Using 2 pairs of species-specific primers, DNA sequences from a portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad 2) gene, were amplified to generate 209 and 165 bp products for O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. The distinct characteristics of HRM patterns were analyzed, and the melting temperatures peaked at $82.4{\pm}0.09^{\circ}C$ and $85.9{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$ for O. viverrini and C. sinensis, respectively. This technique was able to detect as few as 1 egg of O. viverrini and 2 eggs of C. sinensis in a 150 mg fecal sample, which is equivalent to 7 and 14 eggs per gram of feces, respectively. The method is species-specific, rapid, simple, and does not require fluorescent probes or post-PCR processing for discrimination of eggs of the 2 species. It offers a new tool for differentiation and detection of Asian liver fluke infections in stool specimens.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.323-325
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• 2001

The egg Positive rate of Enterobius vermicularis and Clonorchis sinensis of school children in the rural area was studied in Hamyang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do in Korea. Cellotape anal swab and formalin ether concentration methods were performed one time to 720 Primary school children. The total egg Positive rate of E. vermicularis was 12.6% in two schools (Baekjeon and Wiseong). In the Baekjeon and Wiseong primary school, the egg Positive rate of E. vermicularis was 4.6% and 13.4%, respectively Pinworm egg Positive rate was 17.6% in the lower grades (1st, 2nd and 3rd), and 7.7% in higher grades (4th, 5th and 6th). The total egg Positive rate of male and female was 12.6% and 12.7%, respectively. The egg Positive rate of C. sinensis of Baekjeon and Wiseong Primary school was 1.5% and 0.46%, respectively The total e99 Positive rate of C. sinesis was 0.56%. This survey showed that continuous education and chemotherapy is necessary to treat and prevent reinfection of E. vermicularis. In the case of C. sinensis, health education for school children is recommended to prevent potential infection of adolescents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.428-438
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• 2023

Clonorchis sinensis is commonly found in East Asian countries. Clonorchiasis is prevalent in these countries and can lead to various clinical symptoms. In this study, we used overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system to isolate a cDNA encoding the choline transporter of C. sinensis (CsChT). We subsequently characterized recombinant CsChT. Expression of CsChT in X. laevis oocytes enabled efficient transport of radiolabeled choline, with no detectable uptake of arginine, α-ketoglutarate, p-aminohippurate, taurocholate, and estrone sulfate. Influx and efflux experiments showed that CsChT-mediated choline uptake was time- and sodium-dependent, with no exchange properties. Concentration-dependent analyses of revealed saturable kinetics consistent with the Michaelis-Menten equation, while nonlinear regression analyses revealed a Km value of 8.3 µM and a Vmax of 61.0 pmol/oocyte/h. These findings contribute to widen our understanding of CsChT transport properties and the cascade of choline metabolisms within C. sinensis.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2000

한국산 가시고기 (Pungitius sinensis)와 잔가시고기 (P. kaibarae) 사이의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 18s 리보좀 DNA 두 단편의 염기서열을 분석하였다. G+C pair의 비율은 잔가시고기의 개체군에서 54.85~55.15%, 가시고기에서 52.76%로 나타났다. 잔가시고기 개체군들 사이의 염기치환수는 10~18개, 가시고기와 잔가시고기 사이의 염기치환수는 165개였다. 거리지수의 값은 잔가시고기의 개체군들 사이는 0.0118~0.0195, 가시고기와 잔가시고기 개체군 사이는 0.2136~0.2306으로 나타났다. 이를 개체군간 염기서열의 분석 결과는 잔가시고기와 가시고기가 종수준으로 분화한 것을 보여주었다.