• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-286
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• 2007

Objective : In order to compare of hyperlipidemia effect of C. wilfordii, C. auriculatum in korea and C. auriculatum in China, it was performed on the hyperlipidemia in rats induced by Triton WR-1339. Method : The 70% MeOH extracts from dried root of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum in korea and C. auriculatum in china were fractionated into H2O layer and CHCl3 layer. The level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, AST and ALT in serum were used to observe the effectiveness of C. wilfordii korean C. auriculatum and chinese C. auriculatum. Results : In the hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR-1339, C. wilfordii and korean C. auriculatum significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, otherwise significantly increased HDL. And C. wilfordii and chinese C. auriculatum significantly decreased AST and ALT. Conclusion : This study indicate that C. wilfordii korean C. auriculatum and chinese C. auriculatum were effective in the hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR-1339. According to the results, C. wilfordii korean C. auriculatum and chinese C. auriculatum need to considered for the application in hyperlipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2014

These studies were conducted to discriminate Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonum multiflorum by morphological characters. Cynanchum wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica(Asclepiadaceae) were easily distinguished from Polygonum multiflorum by twining stem to the left, producing opposite leaves, having laticiferous stems and leaves at cutting cross-sectionally, and lacking lignification of the stem. Four species had different morphological characters of flower. Comparing four species to fruit type, three species of Asclepiadaceae had follicle, while Polygonum multiflorum had achene with three wings. Follicle shape was lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, and widely lanceolate in C. wilfordii, C. auriculatum, and Metaplexis japonica, respectively. Whereas seed color of four species was dark brown similarly, seed shape and 1,000 seed weight were useful characters to discrimate between three species of Asclepiadaceae and Polygonum multiflorum. Shape and color of root were thickened and yellowish brown in C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum. They were thin and long and white in Metaplexis japonica, and fusiform and reddish brown in Polygonum multiflorum. They would be useful characters to distinguish Cynanchum spp., Metaplexis japonica, and Polygonum multiflorum, however, impossible characters to discriminate between C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.189-201
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• 1989

In this study, genus Cosmarium, 3 species, 2 varieties, 1 forma were sampled at 14 stations from August 1987 to July 1988. The character variations in populations were studied from the cultured plants. As a result, 1 species, 1 variety and 1 forma were treated as synonyms according to the polymorphism found at the same colony. C. angulosum f. rotundatum was different from C. angulosum by the front view, but C. angulosum type and C. angulosum f. rotundatum type occurred simultaneously in the same colony. C. angulosum f. rotundatum was included in C. angulosum which is type species. c. auriculatum, C. subauriculatum and C. subauriculatum var. truncatum have been sorted by the shape of cell and the number of granules at the lower sides of semicell. For three types occurred at the same colony, those species and variety treated as synonym of C. auriculatum which was named first.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2020

Background: Dried tuberous roots of Cynanchum wilfordii are known to relieve menopause symptoms. However, the dried roots of C. wilfordii are morphologically similar to those of C. auriculatum, which makes it difficult to distinguish when used as a medicine. Various comparative studies have focused on chemical or molecular analysis of these roots. However, the differences between the two species at the cytogenetic level based on chromosome structure and composition remain to be elucidated. Methods and Results: For chromosome slides, the roots were fixed in 8-hydroxyquinoline, digested with enzyme mixture, and spread on slides. 5S and 45S rDNA were used as cytogenetic markers for the analysis of nuclear genomes by FISH. The chromosome number of the two species was 2n = 22, with a relatively short length, 1.13 ㎛ - 4.24 ㎛ and 1.00 ㎛ - 3.42 ㎛ with respect to each other. Both species represent one pair of 5S and 45S rDNA signal on chromosome 1, at the proximal region and peri-centromeric region, respectively. Conclusions: These preliminary cytogenetic data using FISH in C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum could be valuable for the comprehension of Cynanchum genome history.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2018

Recently, it has been a big issue to distinguish the dried roots of Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum in health functional food market. The original plant species of Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix belong to the Asclepiadaceae family is differentially described in the national pharmacopoeia of Korea, China and Japan. Owing to the morphological similarities of the dried roots of this plant to those of C. auriculatum, which is often misidentified in Korean herbal medicine marketplace, distinguishing these two species is exceedingly difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare the conventional-PCR with the real-time PCR for detection of C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum DNA. We also tried to realize a quantitative real-time PCR assay using species-specific matK primers, which allowed us to estimate the ratio of C. willfordii and C. auriculatum using varying ratios of mixed genomic DNA template from the two species. The differentiation of intentional and unintentional mixture in this study would be applied to food safety management and can be helpful for protection of consumer's right and cultivators.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 2010

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and their chemical structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), acetovanillone (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (3), 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (5), cynandione A (6), methyleugenol (7), daucosterol (8), Succinic acid (9), cynauriculoside A (10), wilfoside C3N (11), wilfoside C1N (12), wilfoside K1N (13) and wilfoside C1G (14). Among them, compounds 2-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. And 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (5) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines with $IC_{50}$ value of $20\;{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2008

Fields experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of various tillage depth (TD) on productivity and quality of C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight from 2005 to 2006. The length of vine was elongated in lower TD treatments as 50 cm longer in 10 cm TD than 30 cm TD, and stem diameter and dry weight had increased in the lower TD. Length, width, and weight of leaves showed the quantitive growth in the lower TD treatments, but the chlorophyll content had increased in the deeper TD treatments. Root number and length had increased in the deeper TD treatments, but the root diameter and decomposed root was increased in the deeper TD. The total yield of root showed the increasing tendency in the deeper TD treatments as 6.2 ton/ha in 10 cm TD and increased as $7{\sim}9%$ in the 20 cm TD treatments.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2009

This study was conducted to increase the productivity and quality of C. auriculatum Royle ex Wight according to the various ridge height. The higher ridge height increased the vine length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, chlorophyll content, and leaf dry weight; however, the lower ridge height increased the stem diameter and branch numbers. The tuber number and length was increased at less than 20cm of ridge height, but the overall growth was retarded in the treatment of over 20cm ridge height. The tuber diameter was also thicker in the lower ridge. The rootlet ratio among the non-commercial tuber was increased in the 20cm and 30 cm ridge, and the decayed tuber ratio was increased in the lower ridge. The yield of tuber has increased with 3% and 11% in the 20cm and 30cm ridge height compared to 10cm ridge(515kg/10a).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.289-294
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to develop rapid screening method for the identification of Chinese herbal medicine species with similar appearance, Polygonum multiflorum, Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum, by using genetic markers. As a genetic marker, psbA-trnH gene in chloroplast was selected due to differences in sequence among the three species. Species-specific primers were designed based on the sequences of the marker gene of P. multiflorum, C. wilfordii, and C. auriculatum, and the expected size of PCR products was 160, 147, and 119 bp, respectively. Under the developed conditions, cross-reaction was not detected among these three plant species. To confirm the efficiency of our species-specific primers, the optimized method was applied to a variety of processed products composed of mostly P. multiflorum and C. wilfordii, demonstrating that our method was a rapid and easy screening assay. Our findings suggest this screening method can be utilized to prevent the distribution of economically motivated adulteration food and to improve consumer's right.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.236-237
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• 2008