• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.422-427
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Breast cancer is second most common cancer in women. Almost of patients with breast cancer treated with mastectomy undergoes breast reconstruction. Nipple reconstruction is an important step in breast reconstruction. Many surgeons have investigated of nipple reconstruction using the flap technique after breast reconstruction with the autologous tissue. The objective of this study is to evaluate the results of nipple reconstruction using the C - V flap technique after breast reconstruction with the only breast expander. Methods: From April 2006 to May 2008, the authors treated 17 patients of nipple reconstruction using C - V flap technique, who were received breast reconstruction with the only breast expander. We have predicted decrease of the size of reconstructed nipple and designed flap a little larger than wanted nipple size. Nipple splint was applied for 4 - 6 months for minimizing decrease of the size of reconstructed nipple. The diameter and height of the reconstructed nipple were measured and patient's satisfaction score was assessed. Results: Mean follow-up duration was 12.5 months. Among the 17 patients, the average absorption rate by height of nipple was 47.0%. Partial necrosis was noted in 1 case, and treated well with conservative management. There was no other significant complications noted. Patient's satisfactory score was assessed by the height, design and location of the nipple. The average of satisfaction score was 85%, 68%, 62% and total average was 83%. Conclusion: The authors experienced 17 patients of nipple reconstruction using the C - V flap technique after breast reconstruction with the only breast expander. The absorption rate of the size of the nipple, complications and patient's satisfactory score of this study were similar to those of nipple reconstruction after breast reconstruction with the autologous tissue. It is expected that nipple reconstruction after breast reconstruction with the only breast expander is safe and reliable. It is considered that a long - term study is necessary.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재료학회 1994년도 춘계 학술발표 강연 및 논문 개요집
• /
• pp.132-132
• /
• 1994

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.202-205
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Male nipple hypertrophy is a rare condition but is a social embarrassment for individual. The currently available techniques of nipple reduction already described in the literature for female patients are discussed, but the goal of treatment is different in male patients. In male patient, the diameter as well as vertical height should be reduced simultaneously to achieve better aesthetic results. Our new technique can reduce the diameter of the hypertrophic nipple as well as the vertical height efficiently and simply. Methods: A 19-years-old man with nipple hypertrophy on the right chest presented. The flap is designed based on the site of left nipple, symmetry, the diameter, and the projection desired. The widths of the V flaps determine projection, whereas the diameter of the C flap determines the diameter of the nipple and top of the new nipple. Unnecessary hypertrophic tissues are extirpated and the V flaps are elevated. The nipple base is reduced by purse-string suture technique. The V flaps are wrapped around, and C flap is used as a cap. Results: No complication including nipple necrosis or sensory loss were found during follow-up period. The normal symmetry of the nipple contour was restored. Conclusion: We describe a simple technique for male nipple reduction using a C-V flap with purse-string suture. In our experience, this technique has provided good aesthetic result and patient satisfaction.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제41권10호
• /
• pp.771-776
• /
• 2004

Zr을 $8\%$ 첨가한 BZT 세라믹스를 종결정과 소재봉으로 사용하여 floating zone technique법으로 $Ba(Zr_{0.08}Ti_{0.92})O_3$ 다결정을 성장하였다. 열처리 효과를 알아보기 위하여 성장한 결정의 일부를 떼어내어 $1,200^{\circ}C$에서 10시간동안 산소 분위기에서 열처리하였다. $-100^{\circ}C$에서 $+150^{\circ}C$ 온도 영역에서 유전상수 및 유전손실을 10kHz, 100kHz, 그리고 1 MHz에서 측정하여 성장 결정의 유전특성을 알아보았다. 상온($27^{\circ}C$)과 저온($-73^{\circ}C$)에서 직류전장(-15kV/cm$\le$E$\le$15kV/cm)을 인가하면서 유전상수의 변화를 10kHz와 100kHz에서 측정함으로써 유전상수의 전장의존성을 알아보았다. 산소 열처리는 상온에서 10kHz의 튜너빌리티를 $47.5\%$에서 $51\%$로, 그리고 성능지수를 39.6에서 46.4로 향상시키었다. 바이어스 직류전장을 15kV/cm 이상 인가하면 성능지수가 46.4 이상으로 향상될 수 있으므로 이 물질이 마이크로파 전장 조절 소자에 응용될 수 있는 가능성이 있다.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2006

The characteristic of interface layer and the effect of bias voltage on the microstructure of c-BN films were studied in the microwave plasma hot filament C.V.D process. c-BN films were deposited on a high speed steel(SKH-51) substrate by hot filament CVD technique assisted with a microwave plasma to develop a high performance of resistance coating tool. c-BN films were obtained at a gas pressure of 20 Torr, vias voltage of 300 V and substrate temperature of $800^{\circ}C$ in $B_2H_6-NH_3-H_2$ gas system. It was found that a thin layer of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) phase exists at the interface between c-BN layer and substrate.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
• /
• pp.729-731
• /
• 1998

Surface passivation using glass powders results in good reliability for high voltage silicon power devices. In this paper, Zinc borosilicate glass was prepared for the purpose of passivating, and a deposition technique of glass films on the silicon surface by electrophoresis in which acetone is used as a suspension medium and a measurement technique of C-V curve has been investigated. Properties were compared using SEM, XRD, C-V Curve as a function of firing condition, temperature and atmosphere were investigated. Under 100V applied, 1 minute, $700^{\circ}C$ firing temperature, and $O_2$ atmosphere, I can get the fine films $5.8{\mu}m$ thickness with Zinc borosilicate glass. As a result of investigation of glass films, it has been found that pre-firing and annealing play an important role to achieve uniform, fine, reliable glass deposition films and Glass/Silicon interlace.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.653-655
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The umbilicus is an important aesthetic component of the abdomen. Its absence is both cosmetically and psychologically distressing to the patient. Umbilical reconstruction should always be aimed at creating an umbilicus of sufficient depth and good morphology with less scarring. The C-V flap developed for nipple reconstruction was used in an inverted fashion in case of umbilical reconstruction. The aim of this article is to report our experience of scarred umbilical reconstruction using inverted C-V flap. Methods: A 22-year-old woman presented with contracted scar tissue in the umbilical region because she had undergone surgical correction of an umbilical hernia at 5 year of age. Pedicle of the inverted C-V flap was based cephalically. For enhancing depth of the umbilicus, three anchoring sutures to linea alba were done at both lateral and caudal aspects of the umbilical tube. Primary closures were done at donor sites of the V flaps and bolster sutures were done in the caudal direction of the inverted umbilical tube. Results: The patient was satisfied with the appearance of umbilicus. Major complications such as dehiscence, infection, and delayed healing did not occur. Conclusion: The inverted C-V flap is easy and simple technique, and it can produce a satisfactory reconstruction of umbilical structure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.447-462
• /
• 1993

To evaluate the marginal leakage in Class V cavity this study has been undertaken to compare the sandwich technique with the conventional method, and find out the effect of lining material, lining method, and polishing time on sandwich technique. Ninty extracted teeth were divided into eight test groups and a control group, and were prepared with a buccal Class V cavity. Four test groups were lined with Dentin Cement whereas the other four test groups were lined with Vitrabond. Half of the either group were lined 0.5mm short of the carvosurface margin and the rest were lined completely to the carvosurface margin. The four subgroups were further divided into specimens which were polished immediately and 24 hours after resin filling. The polished specimens were immersed in $37^{\circ}C$, 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hous after thermocycling at $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, 200 times and buccolingually sectioned. The sectioned specimens were examined dye penetration under the light microscope. The following results were obtained, 1. At the enamel margin, the conventional method showed a lower microleakage than the sandwich technique. The difference between the control and Vitrabond group was statistically significant(P<0.05), but no difference between the control and Dentin Cement group, and between the lining materials was observed. 2. At the dentinal margin, the sandwich technique showed a significant lower amount of microleakage (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the lining materials. 3. Regardless of the lining material, lining method, and polishing time used, values of microleakage were significantly higher at the dentinal margin compared to the enamel margin(P<0.05). 4. In specimens till the cavosurface margin, microleakage at the dentinal margin was less with the light-cured base than with the chemically-cured base, but there was no siginificantly difference between the lining materials regarding the lining method and polishing time. 5. The lining material, lining method, and polishing time did not affect the amount of micro leakage in the sandwich technique(P<0.05).

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국초전도저온공학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.123-126
• /
• 2002

Samples of Nb/Al-Al$O_{x}$/Nb tunnel junction with the size of 50$\mu$m $\times$ 50$\mu$m were fabricated by employing self-aligning and reactive ion etching technique. In the samples with high-quality, $V_{m}$ value (the product of the critical current and subgap resistance measured at 2 mV) was 34 mV at the critical current density $J_{c}$ = 500 A/$cm^{2}$ and $V_{g}$ value (the gap voltage) was 2.8 mV. In the higher $J_{c}$, voltage fluctuation in the current rising at the gap voltage was observed. The $V_{m}$ and $J_{c}$ value were 8 mV and 900 A/$cm^{2}$, respectively.

• 전자공학회논문지T
• /
• 제36T권3호
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 BF 컨버터의 Active PFC 시스템을 구성하고, 전력 변환시 입력 전류를 전원 전압과 동상인 정현파로 제어하며 직류 출력 전압을 제어하기 위한 PWM-PFM 제어 기법을 사용하여 역률을 개선하였다. FET와 IGBT를 이용하여 본 논문에서 제시한 Boost 컨버터와 인버터 회로를 구성하였고, 제안된 Boost 컨버터의 제어 회로는 마이크로프로세서 80C196으로 구성하였다. 또한 입력 전압이 30V이고, Boost 인덕터가 1.1 mH일 때 정격 출력은 전압 50V, 전류 IA, 듀티비 (Duty Ratio) 0.5 이상으로 하였다. 부하 저항의 변화에 따른 전압 변화를 PWM-PFM 제어 기법을 이용하여 제어하였고, 전류 성형 기법을 이용하여 역률이 0.96 가지 개선됨을 실험으로써 입증하였다.