• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

지구온난화에 따른 북한지역의 식량작물 생산을 주축으로 하는 이모작의 특성을 평가하기 위해서 온난화의 지역적 특성, 겨울작물의 월동온도, 여름작물의 냉해유발온도 및 이모작 작부양식별 소요적산온도 확보 등 온열지표의 변화를 농업기후지대별로 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 온난화의 지역적 특성 북한의 온난화는 과거(1973-1994)보다 최근(2002-2006) 들어 연간 평균기온 $3,271^{\circ}C$로 $233^{\circ}C$나 상승되었고 일평균기온은 $8.96^{\circ}C$로 $0.64^{\circ}C$ 증가되었다. 일평균기온의 지역간 변이는 아한대인 북부내륙고산지대의 삼지연에서 $1.06^{\circ}C$, 온대인 동해안중부지대의 장전에서 $12.26^{\circ}C$로 큰 변이를 보였다. 2. 겨울작물의 월동가능지역 확대 겨울작물의 월동온도를 기준으로 가을보리+벼 이모작 ($-13^{\circ}C$ 이상 지역) 가능지역의 분포는 과거 서해안과 동해안 및 서부중간지대의 일부에서 최근 들어 서부중간지대의 전역으로 확대되었고, 가을밀+벼 이모작($-15^{\circ}C$) 가능지역은 과거 서해안과 동해안 및 서부중간지 전역에서 최근 중부산간지대의 전역과 북부산간 일부지역까지 확대되었다. 3. 여름작물의 냉해우려지역 분포 7월중 일평균기온 $17^{\circ}C$이하의 장해형냉해 유발온도의 경과일수를 기준으로 냉해우려지역의 분포는 북부내륙고산지대에서 21-29일, 동북해안북부지대에서 8-10일, 동북해안남부지대에서 2-5일로 나타났다. 4. 이모작 적산온도 확보의 지역적 분포 월동작물 가을밀과 결합된 여름작물(벼, 옥수수 및 콩) 이모작을 가능케 하는 적산온도 $3,150^{\circ}C$ 이상 확보지역의 분포는 북부내륙고산지대를 제외한 북한 전역으로 확대되었고, 여름작물 봄감자와 결합된 벼, 옥수수 및 콩 등 이모작을 가능케 하는 적산온도 $2,650^{\circ}C$ 이상 확보지역의 분포는 일부 북부내륙고산지대 혜산지역까지 가능하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3230-3242
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• 2015

본 연구는 건강검진 남성 수검자들의 AUDIT 수준과 비만지표(BMI, 허리둘레, 체지방률), 간 기능 검사치(AST, ALT, GGT, 총빌리루빈) 및 혈청 지질치(TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C)와의 관련성을 규명하고자 2012년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지의 기간에 C대학교병원 건강증진센터에서 종합건강검진을 받았던 30~79세의 남성 수검자 558명을 대상으로 문진표와 건강검진결과자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 조사대상자의 AUDIT 수준은 Zone I 58.2%, Zone II 25.3%, Zone III 7.0%, Zone IV 9.5%로 나타났다. 또한 AUDIT 수준은 연령, 흡연, 체지방률, GGT 및 TG와 유의한 관련성이 있었으며, 특히 허리둘레, GGT 및 TG는 AUDIT 등급이 낮은 군(Zone I)보다 높은 군(Zone II~Zone IV)에서 비정상으로 나타날 위험비가 유의하게 상승하는 것으로 나타나고 있어 AUDIT 수준이 높아지는 문제음주는 비만지표, 간 기능 검사치 및 혈청 지질치의 비정상치의 증가와 유의한 관련성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 1992

The plastic zone formed around a notch tip is important in analyzing the fracture toughness of structures and particularly weld cracks existed in the weld HAZ (heat affected zone) which produces local plastic deformation at the crack tip. Therefore, in order to analyze the fracture toughness in weld HAZ, it is necessary to investigate the new fracture toughness parameter $K_{c}$ $^{*}$ and critical plastic strain energy $W_{p}$ $^{c}$ according to the shape and size of the plastic zone. 1) If the temperature corresponding to $K_{c}$ $^{*}$=130kg-m $m^{-3}$ 2/ is determined, transition temperature $T_{tr}$ the magnitude of plastic zone size, and heat input change depending on the fracture toughness. The blunted amounts of the parent and weld HAZ show mild linear variation until .delta.=0.4mm and then increase very steeply there after. 2) The relation between the plastic strain energy( $W^{p}$ ) and transition temperature( $T_{*}$tr) in parent metal is more sensitive than that of weld HAZ. However, the plastic strain energy depends on the transition temperature, and thus the yield stress, .sigma.$_{ys}$ becomes an important parameter for plastic strain energy. 3) The critical plastic strain energy( $W_{p}$ $^{c}$ ) absorbed by the plastic zone at the notch tip indicated in case of parent metal: 60J/mm, in case of heat input(20KJ/cm): 75J/mm, in case of heat input(30KJ/cm); 50J/mmJ/mm.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2022

Objectives : Cleanser is the most basic tools used in daily skin care. I made a cold process soap using Castanea crenata inner shell (CCIS). I'd like to study the effect of face wash using CCIS cold process (CP) soap on the skin. Methods : The same water and towel were used at the same place in order to examine the skin change state immediately before and after washing face. The skin test was performed before and after 10 minutes washing the face in order to remove these external environmental factors, such as lifestyle, alcohol, tobacco, and stress etc. As a control group, the cases of washing with water and foam cleanser (F/C), which is a popular commercial product, were set. Three cases were compared and analyzed. Results : In the case of water washing, there was a significant decrease in oil (U-zone) but that was not good effect. In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, there were significant decrease in oil (T-zone), pores and pigmentation, but the significance was bigger in CCIS washing. In the case of pores, there was a significant decrease in all three cases. Conclusion : In the case of F/C and CCIS washing, it showed the effect of reducing T-zone oil, pores and pigmentation. But the significance was greater in CCIS case than in F/C case. CCIS cp soap is considered as a form of face wash that is suitable for skin care.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2019

Impact toughness and fracture behavior were studied in five kinds of non-heat treating steels containing bainite; standard(0.25C-1.5Mn-0.5Cr-0.2Mo-0.15V), high V(0.3V), Ni(0.5Mn-2Ni), W(0.4W instead of Mo), and high C-Ni(0.35C-0.5Mn-2Ni) steels. The good hardness and impact toughness balance was exhibited in the $1100^{\circ}C$-rolled condition, while the impact toughness was deteriorated due to coarse grained microstructure in the $1200^{\circ}C$-rolled condition. The impact toughness decreased with increasing the hardness in all steels studied. The fracture behavior was also basically identical, that is, the fracture area was divided into 3 zones; shear and fibrous zone, fracture transition zone with ductile dimples and cleavage cracks, where the cracks initiate and grow to critical size, unstable cleavage fracture propagation zone. The energy absorbed for the critical crack formation through the plastic deformation inside the plastic zone in front of the notch root contributed to a mostly significant portion of the total impact energy.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-56
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• 1975

Most fluorite deposits of South Korea are distributed in three metallogenic zones namly as: Hwacheon, Hwangangni and Geumsan metallogenic zones. Fluorite deposits of each zone show The characteristic features owing to the geological setting, the structural patterns and their forming processes. deposits of the Hwacheon metallogenic zone are wholly fissure filling hydrothermal veins emThe bedded in shear fractures of the granite gneiss or schists of Precambrian age or in the cooling fractures of the granite and acidic hypabyssal rocks which are assumed to be a differentiated sister rock of the granite. Localization of most fluorite veins of the region is structurally controlled by NW and EW fracture systems and genetically related to the granite intrusion which ascertained as motivating rock of the fluorite mineralization. Fluorites are in most cases accompanied by quartz, chalcedony mainly and rarely agate, calcite, barite and sulphide base metals in some localities. The deposits of the Hwangangni metallogenic zone were formed at the last stage of hydrothermal polymineralization of W, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn. The majority of the fluorite ore bodies were originated from replacement in limestone beds of Great Limestone Series or in calcareous interbeds of metasediments, whereas some cavity-filling ore bodies were embedded in phyllites and schists of the Ockcheon system and along the fissures in the replaced beds which were originated by volume decrease. The localization of fluorite deposits in this region is genetically related to the Moongyong granite which has been dated as middle Cretaceous, and controlled structurally by the $N20^{\circ}{\sim}50^{\circ}W$ extension fracture system or axial planes of folds, and by faults of NE direction that acted as paths of ore solution. The deposits of the Geumsan metallogenic zone are seemed to be formed through the similar process as that of Hwangangni metallogenic zone, but characteristic distinctions are in that they are more prevailing fracture filling veins and large number of the deposits are localized in roof-pendants or xenolithes of limestone in granites and porphyries. Igneous rocks that presumably motivated the mineraltzation are middle Cretaceous Geumsan granite and porphyries. Metallogenic epoch of the fluorite mineralization of South Korea are puesumably limited in early-middle Cretaceous. Studies of the fluid inclusions in fluorites of the region reveal that the homogenization temperature of the fluorite deposits are as follows: Hwacheon metallogenic zone : $95^{\circ}C{\sim}165^{\circ}C$; Hwangangni metallogenic zone : $97^{\circ}C{\sim}235^{\circ}C$; Geumsan metallogenic zone : $93^{\circ}C{\sim}236^{\circ}C$. Judging from the above results, the deposits of the Hwancheon region were formed at the epithermal stage, and those in the Hwangangni and Geumsan regions, were deposited at epithermal stage preceded by mesothermal mineralization of small scale in which some sulphide minerals were deposited. The analytical data of minor elements in the fluorites reveal that ore solutions of Hwangangni metallogenic zone seemed to be emanated in more acidic stage of magma differentiation than Hwacheon metallogenic zone did.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.24-27
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• 2002

The NdBaCuO superconductor samples were zone-melted in low oxygen partial pressure (1%O$_2$+99%Ar). The zone-melting temperature was decreased about 12$0^{\circ}C$ film 1,06$0^{\circ}C$, the zone-melting temperature in air. Thus the loss of liquid phase (BaCuO$_2$ and CuO) was reduced during: the zone-melting process. The content of non-superconducting phase Nd422 in zone-melted NdBaCuO samples was clearly decreased and, therefore, the substitution of Nd for Ba was occurred. The superconductivity of zone-melted Nd$_{1+x}$Ba$_{2-x}$Cu$_3$O$_{y}$ prepared under low oxygen partial pressure was distinctively improved.d.d.d.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

The NdBaCuO superconductor samples were Zone-melted in low oxygen partial pressure (1% $O_{2}+ 99% Ar$ ). The Zone-melting temperature was decreased about $120^{\circ}C$ from $1060^{\circ}C$ the zone-melting temperature in air. Thus the loss of liquid phase ($BaCuO_{2}$ and CuO) was reduced during the zone-melting process. The content of non-superconducting phase Nd422 in zone-melted NdBaCuO samples was clearly decreased, so was the substitution of Nd for Ba. The superconductivity of zone-melted $Nd_{1+x}Ba_{2-x}Cu_{3}O_{y}$ prepared under low oxygen partial pressure was distinctively improved.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 2001

The NdBaCuO superconductor samples were Zone-melted in low oxygen partial pressure (1% O$_2$+99% Ar). The Zone-melting temperature was decreased about 120$^{\circ}C$ from 1060$^{\circ}C$ the zone-melting temperature in air. Thus the loss of liquid phase (BaCuO$_2$ and CuO) was reduced during the zone-melting process. The content of non-superconducting phase Nd422 in zone-melted NdBaCuO samples was clearly decreased, so was the substitution of Nd for Ba. The superconductivity of zone-melted Nd$\sub$1+x/Ba$\sub$2-x/Cu$_3$O$\sub$y/ prepared under low oxygen partial pressure was distinctively improved.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 2003

Due to excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, austenitic stainless steel is widely used as the material for chemical plants. nuclear power plants, and food processing facilities. But, the zone affected by heat in the range of 400 to $800^{\circ}C$ during welding loses corrosion resistance and tensile strength since Cr-carbide precipitation like $Cr_{23}C_6$ forms at the grain boundary and thereby takes place the intergranular corrosion. In this study, AISI 304 stainless steel with the added Nb of 0.3 to 0.7 wt% was solutionized at $1050^{\circ}C$ and sensitized at $650^{\circ}C$. Specimen was welded by MIG. The phase and the microstructure of the specimens were examined by an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a x-ray diffractometer. The corrosion characteristics of specimens were tested by electrolytic etching and by double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method(EPR) in the mixed solution of 0.5M $H_2SO_4$ + 0.01M KSCN. The melting zone had dendritic structure constituted of austenitic phase and $\delta$-ferrite phase. Cr carbide at the matrix did not appear, as Nb content increased. At the grain boundaries of the heat affected zone, the precipitates decreased and the twins appeared. The hardness increased, as Nb content increased. The hardness was highest in the order of the heat affected zone>melted zone>matrix. According to EPR curve, as the Nb content decreased, the reactivation current density(Ir) and the activation current density(la) were highest in the order of the melted zone