• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2000년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.551-554
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• 2000

The stability of $Pr_6$$O_{11}$-based ZnO varistors doped with $Y_2$$O_3$ was investigated under various d.c. stresses. The varistors were sintered at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 1h in the addition range of 0.0 to 4.0 mol% $Y_2$$O_3$. The varistors doped with $Y_2$$O_3$ exhibited much higher nonlinearity than that without $Y_2$$O_3$. In Particular, the varistors containing 0.5 mol% $Y_2$$O_3$ showed very excellent V-I characteristics, which the nonlinear exponent was 51.19 and the leakage current was 1.32 $\mu\textrm{A}$. And these varistors also showed an excellent stability, which the variation rate of the varistor voltage and the nonlinear exponent were -0.80% and -2.17%, respectively, under 4th d.c. stress, such as (0.80 $V_ {1mA}$/$90^{\circ}C$/12h)+(0.85 $V_{1mA}$/$115^{\circ}C$/12h)+(0.90 $V_{1mA}$/$120^{\circ}C$/12h)+(0.95 $V_{1mA}$/$125^{\circ}C$/12h). Consequently, since $Pr_ 6$$O_{11}$-based ZnO varistors doped with 0.5 mol% $Y_2$$O_3$ have an excellent stability as well as good nonlinearity, it is expected to be usefully used to develop the superior varistors in future.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2019

[¹¹C]GR205171, a Neurokinin 1 (NK1) radioligand, has been known as such a promising PET probe for quantitation of NK1 receptors in the brain by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. First trial to synthesis of [¹¹C]GR205171 was to use methylene chloride and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide for preactivation of precursor, but the result was not successful in radiochemical yield (0~25%) and unreliable. 7 years later, inorganic base (Cs₂CO₃) was tried to achieve higher radiochemical yield, and they showed higher yield (~53%). We have tried to repeat the same synthesis method, but it did not work properly, because there were the lack of the detail procedure and still reproducibility in radiochemical yield. Here we report the improved synthesis protocol to produce [¹¹C]GR205171 in high yield via commercial automated synthesizer. The sonicator which combines water heating bath was used to activate desmethyl-GR205171, and this method showed high efficiency and reasonable yields (4.7 ± 0.6%, non-decay corrected from molecular sieve trap) with >95% radiochemical purity.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1995

1-tert-butoxycarbonyl-4-[N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)amino]-3-phenylsulfonylpyrrolidind [C24H36O8N2S;이하 BEP]의 분자 및 결정구조를 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 결정의 분자는 C24H36O8N2S, 삼사정계이고 공간군은 P1이다. 단위세포 길이는 a=11.363(8)Å, b=11.589(6)Å, c=11.013(10)Å,α=95.32(6)°,β=98.64(7)°,γ=79.57(5)°,V=1406.8(18)Å3, t=293K, Z=2이다. 구조해석에 사용한 X-선은 CuKα선(λ=1.5418Å)을 사용하였다. 분자구조는 직접법으로 풀었으며 최소자승법으로 정밀화하였다. 최종 신뢰도 R값은 F≥4 σ(F)인 3621개의 회절반점에 대하여 R=9.78% 이었다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

고성능이 요구되는 게임 프로그래밍에서 멀티스레드 프로그래밍은 필수이다. 하지만 널리 사용되는 C++11의 shared_ptr와 weak_ptr는 멀티스레드 환경에서 오작동 및 성능 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 오작동 방지 방법보다 높은 성능을 가지는 Lock-Free shared_ptr와 weak_ptr를 제안한다. 제안하는 두 객체는 논블로킹 알고리즘을 이용하여 멀티스레드에서의 데이터 레이스를 방지하였으며, 8스레드 환경에서 실험한 결과 스레드 사이의 경쟁이 낮은 상황에서 기존의 방법보다 최대 7424% 향상되었고, 경쟁이 높은 상황에서 최대 3767% 향상된 성능을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1374-1388
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• 2007

Three experiments were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that cows grazing on pasture produce the highest proportion of c-9 t-11 CLA in milk fat and no further increase can be achieved through supplementation of diets rich in linoleic acid, such as full-fat extruded soybeans or soybean oil. In experiment 1, 18 lactating Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design with measurements made from wk 4 to 6 of the experiment. In experiment 2, three cannulated lactating Holstein cows were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Each period was 4 wk with measurements made in the final wk of each period. Cows in both experiments were assigned at random to treatments: a, conventional total mixed ration (TMR); b, pasture (PS); or c, PS supplemented with 2.5 kg/cow per day of full-fat extruded soybeans (PES). In both experiments, feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile of milk and blood serum were measured, along with fatty acid composition of bacteria harvested from rumen digesta in experiment 2. In experiment 3, 10 cows which had continuously grazed a pasture for six weeks were assigned to two groups, with one group (n = 5) on pasture diet alone (PS) and the other group (n = 5) supplemented with 452 g of soy oil/cow per day for 7 d (OIL). In experiment 1, cows in PS treatment produced 350% more c-9, t-11 CLA compared with cows in TMR treatment (1.70 vs. 0.5% of fat), with no further increase for cows in PES treatment (1.50% of fat). Serum c-9, t-11 CLA increased by 233% in PS treatment compared with TMR treatment (0.21 vs. 0.09% of fat) with no further increase for cows in PES treatment (0.18% of fat). In experiment 2, cows in PS treatment produced 300% more c-9 t-11 CLA in their milk fat compared with cows in TMR treatment (1.77 vs. 0.59% of fat), but no further increase for cows in PES treatment (1.84% of fat) was observed. Serum c-9, t-11 CLA increased by 250% for cows in PS treatment compared with cows in TMR treatment (0.27 vs. 0.11% of fat), with no further increase for cows in PES treatment (0.31% of fat). The c-9, t-11 CLA content of ruminal bacteria for cows in PS treatment was 200% or more of TMR treatment, but no further increase in bacterial c-9, t-11 CLA for cows in PES treatment was observed. Supplementation of soy oil in experiment 3 also did not increase the c-9 t-11 CLA content of milk fat compared with cows fed a full pasture diet (1.60 vs. 1.54% of fat). Based on these findings, it was concluded that supplementing with feeds rich in linoleic acid, such as full-fat extruded soybeans or an equivalent amount of soy oil, to cows grazing perennial ryegrass pasture may not increase milk fat c-9 t-11 CLA contents.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2017

Purpose: The goal of this study was the early diagnosis of ABCB11 spectrum liver disorders, especially those focused on benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Methods: Fifty patients presenting neonatal cholestasis were evaluated to identify underlying etiologies. Genetic analysis was performed on patients suspected to have syndromic diseases or ABCB11 spectrum liver disorders. Two families with proven ABCB11 spectrum liver disorders were subjected to genetic analyses to confirm the diagnosis and were provided genetic counseling. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed on the patients and the family members. Results: Idiopathic or viral hepatitis was diagnosed in 34%, metabolic disease in 20%, total parenteral nutrition induced cholestasis in 16%, extrahepatic biliary atresia in 14%, genetic disease in 10%, neonatal lupus in 2%, congenital syphilis in 2%, and choledochal cyst in 2% of the patients. The patient with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis had novel heterozygous mutations of ABCB11 c.11C>G (p.Ser4*) and c.1543A>G (p.Asn515Asp). The patient with benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis had homozygous mutations of ABCB11 c.1331T>C (p.Val444Ala) and heterozygous, c.3084A>G (p.Ala1028Ala). Genetic confirmation of ABCB11 spectrum liver disorder led to early liver transplantation in the progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis patient. In addition, the atypically severe benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis patient was able to avoid unnecessary liver transplantation after genetic analysis. Conclusion: ABCB11 spectrum liver disorders can be clinically indistinguishable as they share similar characteristics related to acute episodes. A comprehensive genetic analysis will facilitate optimal diagnosis and treatment.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1623-1624
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• 2004

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.417-422
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• 2002

절임은 배추의 맛을 결정하는 중요한 공정이므로 배추의 소금 절임시 가장 중요한 영향인자인 소금농도, 절임시간 및 절임온도에 따른 관능적 특성 및 물리적 특성 에 대하여 반응표면분석을 실시하였다. 절임배추의 외관에 대한 관능평점은 소금농도 11.28%, 절임시간 9.75 hr 및 절임온도 12.81$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며, 맛에 대한 관능평점은 소금농도 11.19%, 절임 시간 11.38 hr 및 절임온도 13.58$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 조직감에 대한 관능평점은 소금농도 11.24%, 절임시간 11.71 hr, 절임온도 13.57$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높게 나타났으며, 전반적인 기호도에서는 소금농도 11.52%, 절임시간 12.86 hr, 절임온도 13.07$^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 관능평점을 나타내었다. 물리적 특성으로 견고성과 씹힘성은 소금의 농도가 증가할수록 값이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며 소금의 농도에 가장 영향을 많이 받고 절임시간, 절임온도의 순으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1980

담배나방(Heliothis assulta Guenee)의 발육에 미치는 온도의 영향과 Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$의 효과를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 암컷의 산란전기간은 평균 3.0일($2\~4$일)이었으며 산란기간은 평균 4.75일($4\~5$일)이었고 산란후기간은 평균 3.5일($3\~4$일)로 성충의 수명은 약 11.25일이었다. 2. 일당 산란수 빈도는 60개$\~$80개가 가장 많았으며 각 온도에서 산란수는 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 307개, 413개, 189개로 $30^{\circ}C$에서 난수가 가장 적었으며 $25^{\circ}C$일 때 난수가 가장 많았다. 일당 산란수는 평균 64.05개 ($14\~172$개)였고 총산란수는 평균 304.25개 ($189\~413$개)였다. 3. 난기간은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 평균 7.71일 ($6\~9$일), 4.12일($4\~5$일), 3.58일($3\~5$일)이었고 부화율은 각각 $71.25\%,\;78.49\%,\;81.05\%$로써 $30^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높고 $20^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮았다. 4. 유충의 전 발육기간은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 평균 43.5일, 21.79일, 18.05일을 소요하였고, 유충의 치사율은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $80.70\%,\;85.93\%\;87.01\%$였다. 5. 용 발육기간은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 평균 24.22일($22\~27$일), 12.36일($11\~14$일), 11.50일($10\~13$였고, 용기 치사율은 $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $18.18\%,\;42.11\%,\;40\%$였다. 6. 발육영점온도는 난이 $11.61^{\circ}C$, 유충이 $11.96^{\circ}C$, 용이 $10.06^{\circ}C$였고 유효적산온도는 난, 유충과 용이 각각 60.41일도, 319.35일도와 222.66일도였으며 담배나 방의 발육영점온도는 $11.17^{\circ}C$였고, 유효적산온도는 60 2.42일도였다. 7. 발육과 온도와의 관계에서 Y=-4.272X+155.39 (r=0.9105), (Y=전 생육기기간을 완료하는데 소요되는 일수, X=처리온도)를 얻었으며 실측치와의 오차는 $6\~10$일로 생육단계 특히 유충기와 개체간 생리적 차가 현저함을 알 수 있었다. 8. Thuricide $HP^{(R)}$ 분무처리 시 치사율은 평균 $73.43\%$였고 Bait처리 시 치사율은 평균 $58.22\%$였으며 처리간에는 유의성이 있었으나 처리시기나 약량간에는 유의성이 없었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.447-451
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• 1996

Bacillus sp. TA-11에 대한 오골계 난백 lysozyme과 일반 난백 lysozyme의 용균성을 비교분석 하였다. 오골계 난백 lysozyme의 용균활성은 Bacillus sp. TA-11를 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 18시간 정치배양한 대수기 후기의 세포에 대하여 가장 높았고, lysozyme의 농도는 0.25%가 최적이었다. 또한 lysozyme의 최적반응 pH와 온도는 각각 4.5와 35$^{\circ}C$였다. 일반 난백 lysozyme의 용균활성은 시험균주를 24시간 배양한 정지기의 세포에 대하여 가장 높았고 lysozyme의 최적 농도는 0.5%였으며 반응 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 5.5와 4$0^{\circ}C$이었다.