• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.140-156
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• 2007

This research was performed to investigate the morphological changes of folliculus ovary according to the radiation dose. The whole body radiation of 200 cGy, 400 cGy, and 600 cGy was given to the each groups of 5 months-aged female mouse. Various staining methods used in this research are: Hematosylin-Eosin method, and immunohistochemistrical methods using BrdU, TUNEL, p53, p21, PCNA and inhibin. The minute structural changes of folliculus ovary were observed through an electron microscope with high magnification. The morphological changes of growing folliculus ovary became distinct as the dose of X-rays increased. Especially, the nuclei of granular cells showed manifest condensation and the changes of the transparent zone were distinct. As a result of histochemical reaction according to Masson's trichrome method and reticular fiber method, the changed granular cells, the deformed basilar membrane of folliculus ovary and the abnormal arrangement of the reticular fiber were observed. In the reaction of BrdU, the granular cells of normal folliculus ovary with positive reaction rapidly decreased according to the increase of the dose of X-rays. In TUNEL study, granular cells showing positive reaction in retarded folliculus ovary were expanded to growing folliculus ovary and primordial folliculus ovary according to the increase of the dose of X-rays. In case of 600 cGy of X-rays, oocyte underwent apoptosis. In p53 immunohistochemistry, p53 manifested to be stronger as the dose of X-rays increased. p53 reactivity was manifested distinctively in all cells comprising folliculus ovary following irradiation of 600 cGy. p21 was manifested in granular cells of folliculus ovary and showed very positive reaction around follicular antrum according to the increase of the dose of X-rays. In PCNA, positive reaction was manifested in growing folliculus ovary, mature folliculus ovary and primordial folliculus ovary, but the extent of the reaction decreased as the dose of the X-rays decreased. The finding that the reaction of granular cells around folliculus ovary was stronger than that near follicular membrane indicates that what was damaged first by X-ray was the cells near folliculus ovary and follicular antrum. The reactivity of $inhibin-{\alpha}$ showed difference according to the growing stage of folliculus ovary: $inhibin-{\alpha}$ showed the most strong reaction in mature folliculus ovary with follicular antrum. There was strong reaction in granular cells around follicular membrane but $inhibin-{\alpha}$ did not occur at all in theca cells comprising follicular membrane. $Inhibin-{\alpha}$ in ovary tissue exposed to 400 cGy of X-rays was manifested more strongly than in ovary tissue exposed to 600 cGy of X-rays, which was related to the phenomenon that granular cells of mature folliculus ovary underwent necrosis or apoptosis increasingly due to X-rays. In an electron microscope with high magnification, nuclei and protoplasm of granular cells in growing folliculus ovary abruptly underwent minute structural changes according to the increase of dose of X-rays. Cell residue, by-product of cell decease, neutrophil and macrophage around follicular antrum were observed. The minute structural changes in granular cells showed typical characteristics of apoptosis: the increase of electronic density due to nuclear condensation, fragmentation of nuclei and atrophy of protoplasm. Necrosis of cells was identified but it was not so remarkable. Macrophage with apoptotic bodies was scattered. Proportional to the radiation dose, we found that the generation of heterogeneous substance of normal ovary texture's follicular fluid, the emergence of dyeing characteristic in the basilar membrane of folicle, the generation of apoptosis, and the transformation of macrophages, etc. From this results, we can infer the possible radiation hazard on the ovary of cervix cancer patient with radiation therapy.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the nuclear development of preantral follicle oocytes in dog following collecting from different estrus ovaries and oocyte diameter. To do this, ovaries were collected from Sunchon livestock station by ovarioectomy and then transported to laboratory in 3$0^{\circ}C$ saline within 2 h. All of the ovaries were washed three times with saline supplemented with 100 IU Penicillin and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ Streptomycin and then sliced with blade in 100 mm dish. All of the oocytes collected were classified the oocyte size such as over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or under 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and the estrus status. To induce the nuclear development, oocytes were cultured in TCM199 $\alpha$-MEM supplemented with 10% FCS, 0.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ sodium pyruvate, 100 ng/$m\ell$ FSH, 100 ng/$m\ell$ EGF, 1% ITS, 100 IU/$m\ell$ penicillin, 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ streptomycin at 38.5$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator for 72 h. After culture, all of the oocytes were stained in 1% orcein following fixed in 45% Acetic acid for 48 h. The oocyte recovery rates of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ from estrus ovary (63.6%) were significantly higher rather than that in anestrus status (51.5%). Oocyte recovery rate per ovary of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in estrus status ovary (22.6/63.8%) was also significantly higher rather than that in anestrus status ovary (8.2/51.6%). Nuclear development to MI of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in estrus ovary (24.3%) was significantly higher rather than those in under 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ or over and under 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in anestrus (2.5, 6.8 and 0.0%), respectively (P ＜ 0.05). Nuclear development to AT and MII of over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in estrus was more developed in other groups. Nuclear development to MI in TCM199 (21.8%) was significantly higher than in $\alpha$-MEM (10.0%). Altho $\mu\textrm{g}$h the development rate to AT was significantly different between TCM199 (7.3%) and $\alpha$-MEM (1.1%), but to MII was not different between TCM199 (0.9%) and $\alpha$-MEM (1.1%). The results indicated that over 110 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ oocytes was could be recovery from estrus status ovary, bigger oocytes were more developed to MI, AT or MII in TCM199.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2002

면양과 염소가 최근 수십년동안 세계여러 나라에서 번식생리의 연구를 위한 모델로 사용되어 왔는데, 체내수정란의 생산에 관한 영역도 유럽을 중심으로 활발하게 연구되어왔다. 수정란생산을 위한 발정동기화방법, 과배란처리 및 수정란회수방법 기술은 현재 상당히 많은 기술진척이 이루어진 상태이나, 우리나라 고유의 재래유전자원인 흑염소에는 이를 위한 기술이 미진한 실정이므로 본 실험에서는 흑염소의 체내수정란생산기술을 확립하여 재래가축 유전자원보존을 위한 기초기술을 마련하고자 한다. 축산기술연구소 남원지소에서 사육하고 있는 체중 20kg 이상의 건강한 흑염소를 이용하여 발정동기화를 위해 controlled intravaginal drug release(CIDR)를 질내에 14일 동안 삽입하고, 과배란처리는 FSH를 CIDR 삽입 12, 13, 14일째에 12시간 간격으로 점감법으로 총20mg을 투여하였으며, PGF$_2$a를 13일째 FSH와 함께 투여하였다. CIDR는 14일째의 아침에 제거하였다. 수컷과의 교미는 CIDR제거 24시간후에 GnRH를 투여와 동시에 실시하였으며, 채란은 교미후 3일째에 외과적인 방법으로 실시하였다. CIDR처리경과에 따른 progesterone농도는 CIDR 주입시 바로 수치가 상승하여 제거전까지 6~12ng/m1의 농도를 유지하였으며, 제거즉시 2ng/ml 이하로 떨어졌다. 채란시 평균 배란점은 16.5개, 미배란난포 9.8개였으며, 회수수정란은 6.0개를 나타내어 채란율은 36.4%를 나타내었다. 회수된 수정란의 발달단계는 4-cell 78.9%, 2-cell 5.3%, fragmentation 15.8%를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 체내수정란생산방법을 기반으로 하여 이후 수정란의 동결 및 수정란이식기법에 관한 연구를 수행한다면 우리나라의 재래가축인 흑염소의 유전자원 장기보존과 생산성향상에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.배양액에 30 embryos/50ul 소적으로하여 38.8$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$의 탄산가스 배양기에서 각각 7일간 배양을 실시하였다. 조사된 결과는 SAS/STAT를 이용하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 체외수정 12시간 후에 난자 급속 염색법으로 염색을 실시한 결과, 모든 처리구에서 핵성숙률(76.4~95.2%), 정자침투율(51.1~66.9%), 웅성전핵형성률(95.2~100%), 다정자침입률(18.2~25.6%) 및 평균침입정자수(1.2~l.4개)에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 체외배양 48시간 난할률을 조사한 결과, 처리구별 차이(53.9~67.9%)는 인정되지 않았으나, 배양 7일째 배반포형성률은 각각 14.5, 25.4, 17.3 및 12.4%로서 25uM의 $\beta$-ME처리구가 유의적(P<0.05)으로 높은 배발달률을 나타내었고, 총세포수에 있어서는 대조구와 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 따라서 돼지 난포란을 성숙배양할 때, 25uM $\beta$-ME를 첨가배양하는 것이 양질의 돼지체외수정란을 생산하는 하나의 방법으로 조사되었다.다.natural objects and was popular at the time of Yukjo Dynasty, and there are some documents of that period left both in Japan and Korea. "Hyojedo" in Korea is supposed to have been influenced by the letter design. Asite- is also considered to have been "Japanese Letter Jobcheso." Therefore, the purpose of this study is to look into the origin

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.337-343
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal dyeing conditions and human-friendly properties of the extract from the branches of Alnus firma tree which is widely used for forestation and to provide basic information for quantification and commercialization of natural dyeing by discovering such as dye material. The optimal dyeing conditions, as a result, were shown at 100% of dye concentration, $90^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature and 40 minutes of dyeing time. In terms of dye uptake depending on the mordanting methods, it showed the best result in order of Fe, Sn, Cu and Al at pre-mordanting while found strong in order of Fe, Cu, Al and Sn at post-mordanting. Color fastness to washing and dry cleaning was found strong at grade 4-5 and fastness to light was rated at 2. The grade of change in color to rubbing and perspiration was good at 4-5. In aspects of functional properties, it showed excellent results of 98% deodorization rate at 120 minutes of dyeing time, 96.1% UV protection rate and 99.9% bacterial reduction against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneuminiae. It is considered, therefore, the extract from Alnus firma tree is of great value as an eco-friendly natural dyestuff.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 1976

In this study several kinds of spun silk yarn-synthetic filament compounded yarn was manufactured, and several fabrics woven from above mentioned silk compound yarn for evaluation of serviceability as clothing materials. The following results were obtained: 1. Degumming agents are in the order of sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbornate, soap and water. 2. When the concentration of sodium hydroxide is exceeded 3%, degradation of floss silk property is resulted because of excessive dissolving out of silk protein. 3. Degumming effect is much improved by concentration of degumming agent and less by its treating time. 4. Simultaneous application of more the 2 kinds of degumming agent is desirable for improvement of floss silk. 5. Application of natural organic acid brings very good results in keeping original scooping and color of the silk. 6. Load and elongation it increased by compound with synthetic filament yarn. 7. Even the evenness of compound yarn is largely dependent on the quality of floss silk and extent of degumming, the C.V.% of silk compound yarn in the experiment was 8-12%. 8. Single bath dyeing technique was impossible for their cloth, and dyeing was performed in 2 bath system separately for silk and synthetic fiber. 9. Shrinkage ratio due to the dyeing of fabric was 23% in case of polyester and spun silk fabric. 10. The final woven cloth can be applicable to (a) Blouse in care of thin cloth (compound silk fabric) (b) Korean costume for women in case of thick cloth. (compound hand spun silk fabric)

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2002

To develope natural dyeing materials from the unused plant materials, we had several dyeing experiments to investigate the optimum conditions of dyeing fabrics with the waste grape juice. Dyeing experiments were done under different dyeing conditions of dyeing time, dyeing temperature, pH and concentration of dyebath and mordants which were treated after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were silk, cotton, ramie and hemp. Color difference(${\Delta}E$) and Munsell's HV/C of the dyed fabrics and color fastness of silk dyed fabrics to dry cleaning, washing, rubbing, perspiration and light were measured. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were very slightly increased with dyeing time and the color of dyed silk was light purple and the cotton, ramie and hemp was light red purple. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color became lighter with dyeing temperature increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were decreased and the color changed from light purple to blue with the pH of dyebath increased. The color differences of dyed experimental fabrics were slightly increased with the concentration of dyebath increased. The color of dyed fabric changed with the mordant treatment and were different among the experimental fabrics. On the whole, blue tone increased with the Al and Fe mordant and green tone increased with the Cu mordant. The color fastness of dyed silk fabrics to light, washing (change) and perspiration (change) was bad and color fastness to dry cleaning and rubbing were good.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2007

목적 : OVA에 유도된 천식 쥐 모델에 향소산가미방을 투여한 후 $PPAR{\gamma}$의 변화를 조사하여 향소산가미방의 천식 치료 기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 8주된 암컷 BALB/c 마우스에 첫 날과 14일 후에 20 ${\mu}g$의 OVA를 알루미니윰 하이드록사이드 1mg과 혼합한 후 총 200 ${\mu}g$를 복강 내로 주입하여 감작시켰다. 처음 감작시킨 날로부터 21,22,23일 후에 천식 모델에 사용하는 초음파 분무기를 이용하여 세 번째 감작시켜서 천식 마우스 모델을 만들었다. 천식 마우스 모델을 만드는 기간 중 OVA를 복강 내로 주입한 후 19일째에 24시간의 간격으로 향소산가미방을 7일 동안 경구 투여하여 향소산가미방의 효과를 조사하였다. 기관지폐포세척술은 마지막 감작 후 72시간 후에 실행하고 기관지폐포 세척액의 총 세포수를 측정하였다. $PPAR{\gamma}$의 발현은 천식 마우스 모델의 폐와 향소산가미방을 투여한 마우스 모델의 폐를 적출한 후 Western blotting 방법을 아용하여 측정하였다. 병리 조직학적 검사는 hematoxylin 2 and eosin-Y 염색을 이용하여 조사하였다. 결과 : 정상 군과 비교하여 OVA감작 천식 쥐 모델에서는 72시간 후에 총 세포 수가 증가하였다. 특히 OVA감작 천식 군에서 증가된 호산구의 수가 향소산가미방을 투여 한 쥐 군에서는 유의하게 감소하였다. OVA감작 천식 쥐 모델에서 72시간 후에 정상 군과 비교하여 핵 내에서의 $PPAR{\gamma}$단백질의 발현이 약간 증가하였다. 그러나 향소산가미방을 투여한 쥐 모델에서는 세포질과 핵 내에서 $PPAR{\gamma}$단백질의 발현이 유의하게 증가하였다. 조직학적 검사상 정상 군과 비교하여 OVA 감작된 천식 쥐 모델에서는 폐포, 세기관지, 기도내강 주변에 많은 염증 세포들이 있었다. 그러나 가미향소산 을 투여 한 후에는 염증 세포들이 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론 : 가미향소산은 $PPAR{\gamma}$작용제로서 역할을 하며, 천식에 대한 치료제 또는 예방제를 개발하는 데 후보 물질이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: in vitro micronucleus test (vitMNT) is one of the promising alternative testing methods in genotoxicity test and was adopted as OECD test guideline for chemical registration. This study was conducted to optimize the cytoplasm conditions in vitMNT using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cell. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study cytokinesis-block micronucleus test was conducted. Mitomycin C and colchicine were used as positive control chemicals and were treated for three hours (short time) or twenty-four hours (long time). Giemsa solution was used for cell staining. For optimization of vitMNT, the final fixative was prepared as five concentrations (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 25%) of acetic acid in methanol, and treatment times of the final fixative were varied under four conditions (immediately, one hour, four hours, and one day). CONCLUSION: Acetic acid at 1% in methanol as the final fixative was most adequate to preserve the cytoplasm around the nucleus in the interphase cells. Also, fixative treatment time of cell suspension for one to four hours may minimize the cell rupture. These results can be helpful for getting an accurate result promptly due to clear visual distinction to score micronucleus in vitMNT using giemsa solution.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2013

The fluorescent proteins are generally denatured by heat treatment and thus lose their color. The normal reeling method includes processing by drying and cooking the cocoons near $100^{\circ}C$ before reeling. Therefore, the usual processing method cannot be used for making colored fluorescent silks. To develop a method that is applicable to producing transgenic silk without color loss, we develop reeling methods adequate for a recombinant fluorescence cocoons. It was found that the fluorescence cocoons keep their native color when dried at temperatures lower than $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 h. Also, a new cooking method to soften the fluorescent cocoons was developed: the cocoons were soaked in a solution of 0.2% sodium carbonate ($Na_2CO_3$)/0.1% nonionic surfactant (Triton X100) at $60^{\circ}C$ and then placed under vacuum. The repeated vacuum treatments enabled complete penetration of the solution into the cocoons, and the cocoons were thus homogenously softened and ready for reeling. In this state, the cooked cocoons can be reeled by an automated reeling machine. Our results suggest that drying and cooking of the cocoons at low temperature enables the subsequent reeling of the colored fluorescent silks by an automatic reeling machine without color loss and can produce silks that can be used for making higher value-added silk materials.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 1999

Purpose : To investigate the percentage of colonies wi1h16or more cells distribution of human skin fibroblast according to in vitro aging, and to evaluate the relationship between percentage of colonies with 10 or more cells and in vivo donor age in human skin fibroblast culture. Material and Method : C1, C2, C3a, and C3b human skin fibroblast samples from three breast cancer patients were used as subjects. The C1, C2, and C3a donor were 44, 54, and 55 years old, respectively. C3a and C3b cells were isolated from the same person. Single cell suspension of skin fibroblasts was prepared with primary explant technique. One hundred cells are plated into 100m1 tissue culture flask and cultured for two weeks. The colony size was defined as colonies with 16 or more cells. The cultured cell was stained with crystal violet, and number of cells in each colony was determined with stereo microscope at $\times$10 magnification. Passage number of C1, C2, C3a and C3b skin fibroblast were 12th, 17th, and 14th, respectively. Results : Percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells of skin fibroblast samples decreased with increasing in vitro passage number. In contrast, cumulative population doublings of skin fibroblast sample increased with increasing in vitro passage number. Percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells also decreased with increasing population doublings in human skin fibroblast culture. There was strong correlation with percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells and population doublings En C3a skin fibroblast sampie. At the same point of population doublings, the percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells of the young C1 donor was higher level than the old C3a donor. Conclusion : The population doublings increased with increasing in vitro passage number but percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells decreased. The results of this study imply that percentage of colonies with 16 or more cell is useful as a indicator of in vitro human skin fibroblast aging and may estimate the in vivo donor age.