• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

The deformation behaviors of full annealed and T6 treated 6061, 7075 aluminum tubes are investigated at various temperature performing uniaxial tensile test. Full annealed Al 6061 and Al7075 tubes, and T6 treated Al7075 tube don't show sharp local necking with an elongation of 50% at $300^{\circ}C$. So it is expected that influenced by elevated tempterature. At $300^{\circ}C$ and strain rate of 0.001/s, many micro-cracks are observed in T6 treated Al 6061 tube, which is believed to be responsible for the decrease of total elongation.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.314-322
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to investigate relationships among distress, depression, anxiety, and spiritual needs of hospitalized patients with stomach cancer. Methods: The participants were 120 in-patients with stomach cancer for surgery or chemotherapy at C University in Seoul from December 2010 to February 2011. To measure emotional and spiritual states was used Distress management version 1 (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN), the Hospital anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Spiritual Needs Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0, specifically descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Distress showed positive correlations with anxiety (r=.49, p<.001), and depression (r=.44, p<.001). Anxiety showed positive correlations with depression (r=.59, p<.001). While, depression showed negative correlations with spiritual needs (r=-.25, p<.001). Conclusion: This study's findings show that hospitalized patients with stomach cancer experienced distress, anxiety, depression and high spiritual needs. Distress, anxiety, and depression of patients with stomach cancer were positively correlated with each other. While the level of depression was negatively correlated with the level of spiritual needs, indicating the higher the level of depression, the lower the spiritual needs. Therefore, nursing interventions for emotional and spiritual support need to be developed for stomach cancer patients.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.688-698
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors Job Embeddedness of a university hospital nurse. Data was collected from August 1 to August 10, 2017, for 238 nurses working at a university hospital in C city. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. As a result of this study nursing organizational culture was 3.32±0.33, organizational communication satisfaction was 3.19±0.37, and job Embeddedness was 3.19±0.44. Job Embeddedness, nursing organization culture(r=.502, p<.001), and organizational communication satisfaction(r=.673, p<.001) were positively correlated. Factors affecting job Embeddedness are organizational communication satisfaction(β=.575 p<.001), work experience 'more than 10 years'(β=.342, p<.001), nursing organization culture(β=.203, p<.001), followed by work experience of more than 5 to less than 10 years(β=.121, p<.001), and the explanatory power of the model was 57.4%. According to the above results, it is necessary Job Embeddedness level of organizational communication satisfaction at any time and develop nursing practice and educational intervention programs in consideration of work experience and nursing organizational culture in order to increase the degree of access to nursing positions of hospital nurses.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.225-235
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among clinical nurses' emotional labor, health promoting behaviors and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), as well as to clarify factors that affect nurses' PMS. This was a descriptive study of 195 clinical nurses working in one university hospital and two general hospitals in the C region. Data collection was conducted from Jul 3 until Jul 21, 2017. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression were used for analysis. The mean score of emotional labor was $3.35{\pm}0.63$ out of 5, that of health promoting behavior was $2.08{\pm}0.40$ out of 4 and that of PMS was $2.94{\pm}1.09$ out of 6. Premenstrual syndrome was significantly positively correlated with emotional labor (r=0.292, p<0.001) and interpersonal relationships in health promotion behavior (r=0.208, p=0.004). Factors influencing PMS were interpersonal relationships (${\beta}=0.54$, p=0.001), emotional labor (${\beta}=0.40$, p=0.001) and degree of menstrual pain (${\beta}=0.14$, p<0.001), which explained 30.0% of PMS (F=9.33, p <0.001). The results of this study suggest that intervention strategies may be necessary to decrease PMS by reducing menstrual pain, emotional labor and interpersonal relationship stress.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.373-381
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of multicultural contact experience and ethnocultural empathy on multicultural acceptance in nursing students. Participants were nursing students in 3 universities in C city and data were collected from November 15 to December 20, 2017. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, multiple regression analysis using SPSS Win 23.0. It was found that: (a) multicultural acceptability had a positive correlation with emotional empathy(r=.56, <.001), cognitive empathy(r=.40, <.001), and experience of multicultural contact(r=.16, p=.040; (b) factors influencing multicultural acceptance were emotional empathy and cognitive empathy with 37.3% explanatory power. This study shows that emotional and cognitive empathy have positive effect on multicultural acceptance. This result may be useful in developing new strategies for enhancing multicultural acceptance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.300-312
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the impact on department adaptation of field practice adaptation, college adaptation, and awareness of death of nursing students, as well as to establish basic data for adaptation of the major, adaptation to field practice, and measures to raise awareness of death. The subjects of this study were 252 Junior and Senior nursing students living in C, J city. Data were collected after approval from the IRB of C University on April 30, 2018 and analyzed by the mean values, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression using IBM SPSS 21.0. The subjects' field practice adaptation was 3.58, college adaptation was 3.33, awareness of death was 3.15 and department adaptation was 3.38. There were significant correlations between department adaptation and field practice adaptation (r=0.56, p<0.001), negative of death (r=-0.15, p=0.016), respect for life (r=0.33, p<0.001) of nursing students, field practice adaptation and college adaptation (r=0.48, p<0.001) and respect for life (r=0.16, p=0.009) of nursing students and between college adaptation and respect for life (r=0.32, p<0.001) of nursing students. The factors that have effect on the department adaptation of the subjects; As a factor influencing the department adaptation, department adaptation, field practice adaptation, and respect for life were explained by 67.5% (F=171.67, p<0.001). Therefore, a positive attitude toward death and a curriculum related to change in perception must be provided to undergraduates to change the attitude toward death. It is also suggested that research regarding nursing department adaptation effects be conducted after implementing the program to improve respect for life.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.638-648
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• 2022

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the diurnal variation in cervical disc hydration and its relationship with cervical degeneration. Materials and Methods: C3-C7 discs of 86 prospectively enrolled participants (37 males, 49 females; mean age ± standard deviation, 23.5 ± 2.5 years) were assessed using T2 mapping in the morning and evening. All discs were stratified by Miyazaki grade or C2-C7 Cobb angle and T2 values (T2). The degree of diurnal T2 variation (T2-DDV), defined as (morning T2 - evening T2)/morning T2 x 100%, was measured for the entire disc, annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and endplate zones. Results: T2 of the entire disc decreased significantly after the daytime load (p < 0.001), with a T2-DDV of 13.3% for all discs and 16.0%, 12.2%, and 13.0% for healthy (grade I), mild degenerative (grade II), and advanced degenerative (grade III/IV) discs, respectively. T2 of regional NPs and AFs decreased significantly from morning to evening (p ≤ 0.049) except in the healthy anterior inner AF (p = 0.092). Compared with healthy discs, mild degenerative discs displayed lower T2 and T2-DDV in regional NPs (p < 0.001). Advanced degenerative discs showed higher T2-DDV in the anterior inner AF compared with healthy discs (p = 0.050). Significant diurnal T2 changes in the endplate zones were observed only in healthy discs (p = 0.013). Cervical discs in the low Cobb angle group showed higher T2-DDV in the anterior AFs and anterior NP and lower T2-DDV in the posterior AF than those in the high Cobb angle group (p ≤ 0.041). Conclusion: This study characterized the diurnal variation in hydration of the cervical discs as assessed using T2 mapping and revealed early chemo-mechanical coupling dysfunction in degenerating discs. Cervical sagittal alignment on MRI can affect the diurnal stress patterns of the cervical discs. T2 mapping is sensitive to disc biomechanical dysfunction and offers translational potential from biomechanical research to clinical application.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.302-312
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the influencing factors of job stress, self-efficacy, and organizational culture to presenteeism in clinical nurses. Methods: A descriptive correlation research design was used for the this study. The subjects were 245 nurses working at the hospital in S, A and C City, from August $1^{st}$ to October $30^{th}$ 2014. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test, stepwise multiple regression by SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Job impairment indicated a significant positive relationship to job stress (p=.009), health problem (p<.001), and indicated significant negative relationship to self-efficacy (p<.001), innovative-oriented (p<.001), affiliative-oriented (p=.002), task-oriented (p=.026) in organizational culture. Significant factors of influencing to presenteeism were self-efficacy (p<.001, ${\beta}=-.363$), culture of task-oriented (p<.001, ${\beta}=-.248$) in organizational culture, and health problem (p=.002, ${\beta}=.187$). Conclusion: Self-efficacy was defined as a variable to influence on presenteeism, and developing of strategies and program to strengthen self-efficacy and task-oriented of organizational culture in nursing is helpful to reduce the presenteeism of clinical nurses.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.85 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

Background: Neutrophilic asthma (NeuA) is usually resistant to corticosteroids. Tiotropium bromide (TIO) is a bronchodilator that is used as an add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2 agonist in asthma treatment. However, the role of TIO in NeuA is not fully known. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TIO on NeuA compared to that of corticosteroids. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide to induce neutrophilic inflammation. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered on days 14, 17, 20, and 23. TIO was inhaled on days 21, 21, and 23. On day 24, mice were sacrificed. Airway hyper-responsiveness, levels of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung homogenates, and lung tissue histopathology were compared between the two groups. Results: Neutrophil counts, T helper 2 cells (T_H2)/T_H17 cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokine in BAL fluids were elevated in the NeuA group. TIO group showed lower total cells, neutrophil counts, and eosinophil counts in BAL fluids than the DEX group (p<0.001, p<0.05, and p<0.001, respectively). Airway resistance was attenuated in the TIO group but elevated in the NeuA group (p<0.001). Total protein, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-17A levels in BAL fluids were lower in the TIO group than in the NeuA group (all p<0.05). Conclusion: TIO showed more potent effects than DEX in improving airway inflammation and attenuating airway resistance in NeuA.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2006

The present study was conducted with twenty-four Korean native (Hanwoo) steers to observe the effect of mixed oil and monensin supplementation and duration of feeding on c9,t11-CLA content in plasma and fat tissues. The steers were randomly assigned to three groups of eight animals each according to body weight. Hanwoo steers in the control group were fed the commercial concentrate for the late fattening stage. The other groups of steers were fed the same diet as control steers, but the concentrate was supplemented with high-$C_{18:2}$ oil mixture (soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil) and fish oil at 6% level of concentrate (DM basis), and monensin (20 ppm). The second and third group of steers was fed the oil mixture supplemented diet with monensin for the last 10 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively, prior to being slaughtered. The oil mixture consisted of 45% soybean oil, 20% sunflower oil, 20% safflower oil and 15% fish oil. Average daily gain (p<0.049) and feed efficiency (p<0.018) of the steers fed the diet supplemented with oil mixture and monensin (OM-M) for 20 weeks were higher than those of the other groups of steers. Dressing percent, fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were not affected by the OM-M supplementation and duration of its feeding. The OM-M supplementation increased the content of total-cholesterol (p<0.0001-0.0007) and HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) in the plasma of steers compared to the control diet. The steers fed the OM-M diet had a higher proportion of c9,t11-CLA in plasma (p<0.048-0.044) than the control steers. Feeding the OM-M diet for 20 weeks increased the proportion of CLA in intramuscular (p<0.015), intermuscular (p<0.039) and subcutaneous (p<0.001) fat tissues compared with both steers fed the control diet and the OM-M diet for 10 weeks. Increased (p<0.007) proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed the OM-M diet for 20 weeks compared to those in control steers was related to the increased (p<0.001) $C_{18:2}$ and decreased (p<0.001) $C_{18:0}$ proportions in subcutaneous tissue.