• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 2006

A number of different techniques are available to mitigate the problem of cross correlations caused by the limited dynamic range of the 10-bit Gold codes in the GPS C/A code. These techniques include successive-interference cancellation (SIC) and parallel-interference cancellation (PIC), where the strong signals are subtracted at IF prior to attempting to detect the weak signals. In this paper, a variation of these techniques is proposed whereby the subtraction process is delayed until after the correlation process, although still employing a pure reconstructed C/A code signal to permit prediction of the cross correlation process. The paper provides details on the method as well as showing the results obtained when the method was implemented using a software GPS receiver. The benefits of this approach are also described, as is the application of the method to the cancellation of CW interference.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2C호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 주파수대역 직접확산방식 (DS-SS)의 비행종단시스템을 제안하였고 FPGA를 이용하여 구현된 결과를 보여준다. DS-SS방식의 비행종단시스템은 간섭신호와jamming에 강한 특성이 있을 뿐만 아니라 확산코드를 사용함으로써 인증과 암호화의 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 또한 기존의 아날로그 FM방식의 종단시스템에 비하여 전력을 크게 줄일 수 있다. 오류정정을 위하여 리드-솔로몬(32, 28)코드를 적용하였고 데이터를 암호화하기 위하여 3중 Data Encryption Standard (3DES)암호화를 하였다. 그리고 counter알고리즘을 적용하여 외부 장치의 간섭으로부터 비행체를 보호할 수 있도록 하였다. I채널과 Q채널의 확산코드는 GOLD코드생성기를 이용하여 생성하였다. 시스템은 ALTERA EPXA1F484C3 디바이스로 지상시스템을 구현하였고, FLEX계열인 EPF10K100ARC240 디바이스를 사용하여 비행종단 탑재시스템을 구현하였다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 1998

Adsorption of metal elements onto illite and halloysite was investigated at $25^{\circ}C$ using pollutant water collected from the gold-bearing metal mine. Incipient solution of pH 3.19 was reacted with clay minerals as a function of time: 10 minute, 30 minute, 1 hour, 12 hour, 24 hour, 1 day, 2 day, 1 week, and 2 week. Twenty-seven cations and six anions from solutions were analyzed by AAs (atomic absorption spectrometer), ICP(induced-coupled plasma), and IC (ion chromatography). Speciation and saturation index of solutions were calculated by WATEQ4F and MINTEQA2 codes, indicating that most of metal ions exist as free ions and that there is little difference in chemical species and relative abundances between initial solution and reacted solutions. The adsorption results showed that the adsorption extent of elements varies depending on mineral types and reaction time. As for illite, adsorption after 1 hour-reaction occurs in the order of As>Pb>Ge>Li>Co, Pb, Cr, Ba>Cs for trace elements and Fe>K>Na>Mn>Al>Ca>Si for major elements, respectively. As for halloysite, adsorption after 1 hour-reaction occurs in the order of Cu>Pb>Li>Ge>Cr>Zn>As>Ba>Ti>Cd>Co for trace elements and Fe>K>Mn>Ca>Al>Na>Si for major elements, respectively. After 2 week-reaction, the adsorption occurs in the order of Cu>As>Zn>Li>Ge>Co>Ti>Ba>Ni>Pb>Cr>Cd>Se for trace elements and Fe>K>Mn>Al, Mg>Ca>Na, Si for major elements, respectively. No significant adsorption as well as selectivity was found for anions. Although halloysite has a 1:1 layer structure, its capacity of adsorption is greater than that of illite with 2:1 structure, probably due to its peculiar mineralogical characteristics. According to FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) results, there was no shift in the OH-stretching bond for illite, but the ν1 bond at 3695 cm-1 for halloysite was found to be stronger. In the viewpoint of adsorption, illite is characterized by an inner-sphere complex, whereas halloysite by an outer-sphere complex, respectively. Initial ion activity and dissociation constant of metal elements are regarded as the main factors that control the adsorption behaviors in a natural system containing multicomponents at the acidic condition.