• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2012

The Confucian culture of the Chosun Dynasty has a great effect on the construction of ByeolSeo gardens. Among them, especially the gardens built in Gyeongsang Province areas, where a great number of Confucian scholars were produced in the beautiful natural environment, have maintained various heritage of Confucian culture established by the scholars. Along with the Nakdong River, we can find so many cultural assets of buildings such as head houses, ByeolSeo gardens, including the literary remains such as administrative certificates, poetry and prose, and records of pavilions, which show the trace of the scholars who followed the instructions of the doctrines of Chu-tzu. The Geumseonjeog located in Punggi County, Gyeongsangbuk Province, which was the ByeolSeo gardens possessed by Geumgye Whang Jun-ryang(1517-1563), who was the governor of the area and one of the representative students of Toigye Lee Whang. The building is located nearby the Geumseon Valley with beautiful natural scenery under Sobaek Mountain. Especially the pine forest around the valley boasts a unique natural setting. This study is aimed to analyze the value of natural scenic spot of the Geumseonjeong through the surveys on surroundings, topography, vegetation and water system. including the value of humanistic elements focused on the writings such as 'Geumgyejip' written by Whang Jun-ryang and Lee Whang, another 'Geumgyejip' written by Ryu un-ryong, and 'Geumgyejeongsajungsugi' written by Hong Gyeong-ryeom. And also, the scenic spot value of the signboards such as the 'Geumgyejeongsajungsugi' written by Ryu un-ryong, 'Geumgyejeong' by Lee Han-il, 'Geumgyejeong' written by Jo Un-hyeong and 'Geumgyejeongsa, written by Lee Jung-gi, was analyzed. And the historical and cultural value was analyzed through the semantic interpretation of the series of poetry and pose and the old map established in 1872. In respect of the scenery, the surroundings of the Geumseon Valley boast the outstanding settings as the clean mountain stream in front of the Geumseonjeong makes a beautiful harmony with the pine forest. The pine forest surrounding the Geumseon Valley has played a secret role in the history of the village. Considering the fact that the pine forest was expressed in the map of Punggi County produced in 1872, it may be assumed that the forest was regarded to have historical and scenic value in those times. Considering the fact that the words like 'Beautiful' and 'Scenic spot' were used in the writings like 'Geumgyejip' and there were meeting places around the valley, we can recognize the value of the place as a scenic spot. The beautiful natural scenery surrounding the ByeolSeo gardens, and the increase in humanistic value of the poetry and prose, including the administrative certificates, has recently brought about the cases in which some scenic spots of the ByeolSeo gardens were designated as cultural assets. According to the value as a scenic spot and semantic interpretation of the Geumseonjeong, the pavilion appeared to have a great scenic spot value as a ByeolSeo gardens, so that this study was designed to prepare criteria with which the pavilion may be designated as a scenic spot of ByeolSeo gardens.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Big and old trees in the scenic spots with the attributes of remote villas are vulnerable to man-made damages and very sensitive to the external environment such as soil conditions, so the corresponding management plans are required. Thus this study has been conducted to survey the big and old trees in the scenic remote villas and suggest the ideal management plans. The results can be summarized as follows. First, regarding the tree heath above the ground, transformation of tree, death of branches, and death of barks are closely related to tree vigor. Particularly, the areas receiving many visitors require prompt countermeasures against the dried and dead tress above the ground and the areas in which dried and dead tress occurred and also the safety measures for the visitors and facilities. Second, regarding the soil environment, visitor traffic is closely related to the tree vigor. In 15 remote villa gardens, 64% of trees are exposed to heavy traffic and the tree vigor has declined due to an increase of visitor. Thus, there is a need to give positive consideration the installation of the complementary facilities and the plantation of herbal plants in the congested areas to form the ground surface that can tolerate the heavy visitor traffic. Third, remote gardens are in general located adjacent to ponds and mountain streams and thus the trees in the waterfront areas require the prompt countermeasures against the decline of growth due to the excess-moisture in the soil. Further the blockage of the sewage system due to the heavy rains dampens the surrounding soil, which results in lethal damages to the trees. Thus, there is a need of the maintenance of the waterfront areas and sewage system before and after the rainy season. In addition, there is a need to establish medium-long term management polices through the recognition of the importance of the main trees of remote villa gardens in scenic spots and prepare the tree management manual depending on the attributes of the corresponding areas. I strongly suggest making manuals for the systematic management as well as the extensive PR activities and education for the preservation of tress on a long-term basis; and furthermore securing the budget and manpower for the research and development of a systematic management system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2016

The results of investigation on the spatial composition and landscape characteristics of Shimwon-pavilion garden built and enjoyed by Jo Byeong-sun in 1937 during the period of Japanese colonialism based on 'Shimwon-pavilion Soosukgii(水石記)' and 'Shimwon-pavilion Poem of 25 Sceneries(二十五詠)' contained in 'Anthology of Giheon(寄軒)' are as follows. 1. Shimwon-pavilion garden is assumed as Byeol-Seo garden based on the planning background and contents of Gimun and the observations on spot. By its location, it is classified as 'Planted forest' with a pine forest in the north and 'Byeol-Seo of mooring type' with Guyacheon flowing in the garden. It is about 400m away from the main house in the straight-line distance. 2. The meaning and attributes of reclusiveness are well represented in the 'screening structures' all around Shimwon-pavilion garden with Hakrimsan, a Gasan(假山) in the north, vines on Chwibyeong(翠屛) in the east and west, Eunbyeong(隱屛) of stone walls along with Guyacheon in the south, which shows the spirit of Giheon who adored the Taoistic life. 3. Shimwon-pavilion garden, located in the Songrimsa, a temple of thousand years, is a place of consilience where Buddhism was accepted, Taoistic life was pursued with Tao Yuan-ming's philosophy regarding rural areas and romantic sensibilities of Li Po, called poem master(詩仙), the confucian values of Zhu Xi were realized. Giheon intended to build and enjoy this place as a microcosm and shelther where he unfolded his own view of learning and cultivated his mind. 4. 25 sceneries on Shimwon-pavilion consist of 5 sceneries in the space of pavilion(architecture) and 20 sceneries in the outer garden. First, 5 sceneries consist of ancillary rooms for various uses, including Jeongunru, Amsushil, Wiryujae, Iyeoldang, and Jeong-Gak Shimwon-pavilion embracing them, which shows that Shimwon-pavilion is a place to foster younger students. And 20 scenary is divided into 9 sceneries on the natural spaces and 11 artificially created facilities. 9 sceneries are engraved on the rocks as described in 'Seokgyeonggi'. 5. 4 sceneries of the indoor scenery lexemes(亭閣 心遠亭 怡悅堂 停雲樓 闇修室) were intended to be recognized by the framed pictures, 5 places among the scenery lexemes in garden(龜巖 醒石 隱屛 兩忘臺 東槃) by letters carved on the rocks, and 8 places(君子沼 杞泉 天光雲影橋 芳園 槐岡 柳堤 石扉 東翠屛) by sign stones, but signs of 8 sceneries are not currently identified because they have been be swept away and demolished. 6. A variety of plant landscapes with various meanings and water landscape with various types are contained in 25 sceneries - Sophora symbolizing a tree for scholar in Gehgang(槐岡), Willow symbolizing Tao Yuanming and continued vitality in Yooje(柳堤), Boxthorn symbolizing family togetherness in spring(杞泉), vines and herbal plants and waterfalls(隱瀑), shallow pond(君子沼), pond(湯池), water hole(杞泉), water flowing in the middle of rock(盤陀石), water flowing between the rocks(水口巖). 7. While Shimwon-pavilion garden is a garden near the water, the active involvements with 11 sceneries directly built is distinguished. The other pavilion gardens are faithful in engraving the names by setting the scenery lexemes of the nature-oriented Gyeong(景) and Gok(曲) near and far, but Shimwon-pavilion garden is a garden for active learning(修景) with the spaces built to match with the beautiful nature and to show the depths of space off.