• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.183-189
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to evaluate effect of dietary green tea by-products (GTB) on laying performance and quality of eggs in hens. A total of 96 laying hens (22-week-old) "Tetran Brown" were allotted to four dietary treatments, which containing 0, 2, 4 and 6% green tea-by products. The results showed that the egg production increased (P＜0.05) in layers fed diets containing 4% or 6% green tea-by products compared to the layers fed control no GTB. Egg weight and egg mass in layers fed diets containing 2% green tea by-products significantly decreased compared to those in the other groups (P<0.05). The feed intake was lower in layers fed diets containing 2% and 6% green tea by-products. The feed conversion ratio was lower (P<0.05) in layers fed diets containing 4% or 6% green tea by-product supplementation respectively. The egg shell thickness was no significantly different between layers fed the control and green tea by-product diets (P>0.05). The egg yolk cholesterol tended to decrease when layers fed diets containing green tea by-products, although the differences were not significant (P＞0.05). The linolenic and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid contents in egg yolk significantly increased in layers fed diets containing different levels green tea by-products compared to those fed control diet (P<0.05). These results suggest that inclusion of green tea by-products in layer diets is suitable for hens without negative effects on egg composition.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.12B
• /
• pp.2382-2390
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we employed a new quantization scheme called sample-adaptive product quantizer (SAPQ) to quantize image data based on the differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) coder, which has fixed length outputs and high bit rates. In order to improve the performance of traditional DPCM coders, the scalar quantizer should be replaced by the vector quantizer (VQ). As the bit rate increases, it will be nearly impossible to implement a conventional VQ or modified VQ, such as the tree-structured VQ, even if the modified VQ can significantly reduce the encoding complexity. SAPQ has a form of the feed-forward adaptive scalar quantizer having a short adaptation period. However, since SAPQ is a structurally constrained VQ, SAPQ can achieve VQ-level performance with a low encoding complexity. Since SAPQ has a scalar quantizer structure, by using the traditional scalar value predictors, we can easily apply SAPQ to DPCM coders. For synthetic data and real images, by employing SAPQ as the quantizer part of DPCM coders, we obtained a 2~3 dB improvement over the DPCM coders, which are based on the Lloyd-Max scalar quantizers, for data rates above 4 b/point.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2008

A DNA fragment containing 2,079 base pairs from Bacillus circulans CGMCC 1416 was cloned using degenerate PCR and inverse PCR. An open reading frame containing 981 bp was identified that encoding 326 amino acids residues, including a putative signal peptide of 31 residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest identity (68.1%) with $endo-{\beta}-1,4-D-mannanase$ from Bacillus circulans strain K-1 of the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5). The sequence encoding the mature protein was cloned into the pET-22b(+) vector and expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant fusion protein containing an N-terminal hexahistidine sequence. The fusion protein was purified by $Ni^{2+}$ affinity chromatography and its hexahistidine tag cleaved to yield a 31-kDa ${\beta}$-mannanase having a specific activity of 481.55U/mg. The optimal activity of the purified protein, MANB48, was at $58^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.6. The hydrolysis product on substrate locust bean gum included a monosaccharide and mainly oligosaccharides. The recombinant MANB48 may be of potential use in the feed industry.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

Minimizing the cylinder wear and the consumption rate of cylinder oil in a large two-stroke marine diesel engine is of great economic importance. In Korea, authors first developed a motor-driven cylinder lubricator for a Wartsila Switzerland large two-stroke diesel engine. The characteristic of the developed product is that can control automatically the oil feed rate with a load fluctuation by the motor drive and the offset cam. For manufacturing the reliable and useful products, however, it is necessary to investigate further characteristics and to improve performances as a cylinder lubricator. In this study, the effects of pump motor speed, plunger stroke and cylinder back pressure on oil feed rate, maximum discharge and delivery pressures are experimentally investigated by using the electronically controlled quill injection system and distributer in the developed cylinder lubricator. It is found that the oil feed rates of electronic control and mechanical type quills with the in-cylinder back pressure are differently characterized by the role of accumulator, the viscous resistance of contact area, etc. It can be also shown that the maximum discharge pressure of the electronic control quill is lower than the mechanical type one but the maximum discharge pressure difference of two types decreased as plunger stroke is small, and the maximum delivery pressures of two types increased as plunger stroke, motor speed and back pressure are elevated but the maximum delivery pressure of mechanical type is higher than the one of electronic control type.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.407-414
• /
• 2020

To replace the sawdust in the growth medium of oyster mushroom to utilize its by-product spent mushroom substrates (SMS) as feed for ruminant, we performed cultivation test using cotton seed hull pellet (CSHP), corn stalk pellet (CSP), corncob (CC), and analyzed the feed chemical properties of those SMS. As a result of cultivation test, CC and CSHP treatment took 27 days for spawn run, 4 days for primordium formation, and 3 days for development fruiting bodies, resulting in a total cultivation period of 34 days. The yield per bottle was 134 g for CC treatment, similar to 130 g for control, while CSHP treatment (112 g) and CSP treatment (68 g) were lower than that of control. The highest biological efficiency (BE) was shown in CC treatment as 80.1%, which was 11.4% higher than 68.7% of control. The SMS of CC treatment had a relatively low content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, and in particular, lignin content was the lowest and crude protein content was the highest among other treatments. Therefore, CC as a substitute material for sawdust was capable of stable mushroom production and excellent nutritional value as a feed for its by-products.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2017

This paper aims to develop a prediction model for the product quality of a casting process. Prediction of the product quality utilizes an artificial neural network (ANN) in order to renovate the manufacturing technology of the root industry. Various aspects of the research on the prediction algorithm for the casting process using an ANN have been investigated. First, the key process parameters have been selected by means of a statistics analysis of the process data. Then, the optimal number of the layers and neurons in the ANN structure is established. Next, feed-forward back propagation and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm are selected to be used for training. Simulation of the predicted product quality shows that the prediction is accurate. Finally, the proposed method shows that use of the ANN can be an effective tool for predicting the results of the casting process.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.383-386
• /
• 2008

The four-bed PSA process using a layered bed of activated carbon and zeolite 5A was studied to produce a high purity hydrogen product from SMR off-gas. At a desired product purity (99.999%+), the recovery increased with decreasing the linear velocity. However, the difference of the increasing of the recovery became smaller with the decreasing of the linear velocity and then was similar from below the linear velocity 3.9 cm/s. When the adsorbents, the feed gas composition, and the operating conditions are given, the residence time is mainly a function for design of the PSA bed size. The minimum residence time exists to obtain the maximum recovery at desired product purity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.8
• /
• pp.1132-1137
• /
• 2012

Objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of barley grain with bread by-product (BB) on performance of Awassi ewes and their lambs. Forty Awassi ewes rearing single lambs were randomly allotted into four experimental diets containing various levels of BB. The experimental diets contained 0 (BB0), 10 (BB10), 15 (BB15), and 20% (BB20) of BB on dietary dry matter (DM). The study lasted for eight weeks, in which the first week was used as an adaptation period and seven weeks of data collection. Ewes and their lambs were penned individually where they were fed their lactating diets ad libitum. Ewes and lambs body weights were measured at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. However, milk production and composition were evaluated biweekly. Feeding BB had no effect (p>0.05) on dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and crude protein (CP) intakes. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was the lowest (p<0.05) for the BB20 and BB15 diets followed to BB10 diet (i.e., 640, 677, 772 g/d, respectively) while the highest NDF intake was for the BB0 diet (i.e., 825 g/d). Similarly, NDF intake decreased linearly (p<0.001) as the BB content increased. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake was highest (p<0.05) for the BB0 and BB10 diets (425 and 416 g/d, respectively) followed by the BB15 and BB20 diets (359 and 342 g/d, respectively). Moreover, a linear (p<0.001), quadratic (p = 0.04), and cubic (p = 0.04) effects were observed in ADF intake among diets. Nutrient digestibility was similar among different diets. Bread by-product had no effect (p>0.05) on ewes body weight change and on lamb performance (i.e., weaning body weight and average daily gain). Similarly, no differences (p>0.05) were observed either in milk production or composition by the BB substitution. Inclusion of BB reduced feed cost by 9, 14, and 18% for the BB10, BB15, and BB20 diets, respectively. No differences were observed in milk efficiency (DM intake: milk production; p>0.05) among diets. However, cost of milk production ($US/kg milk) was the lowest (p<0.05) in the diet containing BB20. Results of the present study indicate that feeding bread by-product up to 20% of the diet DM had no effect on performance of Awassi ewes and their lambs and reduced feed cost.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.216-223
• /
• 2001

The digestibility of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract and amino acids of a cassava root meal and rice bran diet, without (Basal) and with inclusion of fish meal (FM) or fresh (FSB) or ensiled (ESB) shrimp by-product in growing pigs (Large White$\times$Mong Cai) fitted with post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulas was studied in a $4{\times}4$ change-over experiment. Significantly higher ileal digestibility of OM in the basal and FM diets and lower ileal digestibility of CP in the basal and ESB diets were found (p<0.05). Total tract digestibilities of OM and CP of diet ESB were lower (p<0.05) than in the other diets. The apparent ileal digestibilities of most amino acids were higher (p<0.05) in diets FM, FSB and ESB than in the basal diet. There was no difference (p>0.05) in the ileal digestibility of individual amino acids between diets FM, FSB and ESB, except for threonine, alanine and glycine. The estimated apparent ileal digestibility of individual amino acids in ensiled shrimp by-product was lower (p<0.05) than in fresh shrimp by-product and fish meal. In conclusion, as a result of the reduced daily intake of the diets containing shrimp by-products and lower ileal and total tract digestibility of both fresh and ensiled shrimp by-products complete replacement of fish meal cannot be recommended. The ensiled shrimp by-product was inferior nutritionally compared with fresh shrimp by-product. However, lower daily feed intakes of both the FSB and ESB diets suggest that the replacement should only be made partially, in order not to reduce the overall performance.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.341-345
• /
• 2005

Since it is troublesome to estimate adequate flow rates in four sections of SMB chromatography, a systematic determination of the flow rates has been suggested by using ketoprofen as a model chiral enantiomer. S-ketoprofen. less retained species, was separated from raffinate stream and the variation in its purity was dependent on the changes of the flow rate of section 4 ($Q_4$), the raffinate flow rate ($Q_{raf}$), and the feed flow rate ($Q_{feed}$) under a fixed switch­ing time t$^{\ast}$. When one parameter was changed at the given experimental condition, purities of product were changed and these phenomena has be well explained by the triangle theory.