• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.485-515
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• 2009

In this study aims to research and analyze what are decision factors between a wholly-owned subsidiary and a international company cooperation in the internationalization process. From 57 primary studies found 26 observed variables for aggregation of effect size in the using "Fixed Effect Model" on this mata-analysis. The article also links the theories that are used in the literature, not considered in the most of primary studies, to the empirical results and recommends global management strategy which is needed for business practical affairs. According to the result, the meta-analysis suggests that the number of employees of a MNC, the geological and cultural differneces between the host country and home country, the country-specific international experience of the MNC and export intensity, the international product diversification, the market growth and the market size of the foreign operations, and resource intensity of the foreign operations, the legal restrictions in the host country and the country risk of the home country do exert a significant effect on the decision between cooperative arrangement and a wholly-owned subsidiary. Conversely, for a large number of variables, no significant relationship seems to exist based on the combined results. This is the case, for example, for factor specificity, the r&d-intensity, the subsidiary size, the assets of the MNC and the sales volume of the MNC.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2019

People who gathered to enjoy a specific event or content are called audiences or spectators, and show various propensity according to the characteristics of the crowd. Although there is such a difference, in general, the number of attendance is directly related to the business aspect, which enables stable financial operation for the sale of contents through various incomes, such as the admission fee and the use of other facilities. Therefore, prediction of audience can be used as a major factor in marketing and budgeting strategies. In this study, we review several existing models for predicting the number of attendance and propose an efficient machine learning model. In addition, we studied daily attendance prediction and abnormal attendance prediction using combine DNN(Deep Neural Network) and RF(Random Forest) model.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to elicit antecedents that influence the buying of counterfeit products in Raipur, an emerging capital city. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - 203 responses to the questionnaire were collected to come out with the results of the study. From the exploratory study, 20 variables were identified to have an influence on the buying of counterfeit products. Factor analysis was applied on the data collected and these items were grouped into four factors. Result - The findings suggest that safety implications have a significant impact on the buying of counterfeits in an emerging city - Raipur, India. Further studies that are specific to geographical locations could be carried out to validate the findings of this paper as the tastes and preferences of each of the markets are unique. Conclusions - For manufacturers, marketers and law enforcers it might be of great interest to learn that safety concerns are uppermost on the minds of people who deliberately or inadvertently consume counterfeits. If it can be conveyed effectively that consumption of counterfeits can cause more harm than increase in perceived value, it can be checked to a good extent.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.169-178
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• 2021

Motivating employee work engagement, which has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of high performance and achievement in today's dynamic environment, has become essential in gaining a sustainable competitive advantage. As widely known, leadership is a primary factor affecting work engagement. This is also directly related to a specific style of leadership exercised. Leadership styles affect the work engagement levels of the employees. The distracting nature of leadership type can have adverse impacts on individuals' behaviors. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, this article draws on social interaction theory and social exchange theory to investigate the potential effects of inclusive leadership on work engagement within the workplace, and the mediating role of psychological safety on the relationship between inclusive leadership and the work engagement. Here, psychological safety is needed by employees to avoid and manage negative feelings. SPSS and AMOS software was applied to survey data obtained from (n = 373) employees. Results revealed that inclusive leadership is a strong predictor for work engagement, and psychological safety partially mediates the link between inclusive leadership and work engagement. Implications for theory and practice alongside limitations are discussed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2021

Purpose: Contemporary consumers are increasingly adopting public displays of their loyalty towards brands: consumer dedication surpasses loyalty in that they find various ways to show their devotion to their favorite brands. The purpose of the current study is to utilize sports psychology to improve customer experience in the sports shops. Research design, data and methodology: To investigate the purpose of the study and suggest the solutions, Epistemology methods were used to analyze the nature of knowledge and various forms of attaining knowledge. As such, epistemology asks questions such as "what are constitutes of valid knowledge?". Results: This study figured out five theoretical results to suggest for practitioners in the sports retail shop based on prior research. According to the research, sports psychology can affect consumer buying behavior which builds upon specific demographics and their differentiating behavior. The results also show that males shop with specificity, while female consumers are likely to shop for pleasure. Men are also less frequent shoppers than women. Conclusions: Above all, this study concludes that a consumer decision-making study is vital in the sports retail business, and information about consumer decision-making can be an influential factor for sports retailers to increase their competitive advantage.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.64-82
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• 2019

Purpose - This study's the ultimate goal is to analyze competitiveness improvement on multinational enterprises as firstly providing which factors are to strengthen or weaken competitiveness, secondly investigating if hypotheses development and research design is correct and thirdly finding significant implications for research and practices across country specific advantage. Design/methodology - Using feedback data provided by 250 firms, we extracted variable factors and hypotheses, which were empirically carried out by reliability and validity testing, correlation analysis, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis to prove which factors are to make the positive effect on the improvement of overseas subsidiaries' management performance and competitiveness. Findings - Through proceeding empirical analysis study, we found out that technology management capability, knowledge management capability, and local management capability had a statistically significant effect on the improvement of overseas subsidiaries' competitiveness, while linked activity capability revealed a negative effect. Originality/value - During business globalization, overseas investments and establishment of overseas subsidiaries have been essential. It is anticipated that this study results would be meaningful for analysis on multinational enterprises' competitiveness and helpful in promoting their entry into Korean market and enhancing their competitiveness. This paper would also help Korea government develops new FDI model and induce more investment from global major companies to Korea region.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.9-19
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• 2022

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that consumers feel more happiness when they have experiential purchases than material purchases. This experiential advantage has aroused great concern of researchers in the field of social and consumer psychology. Focusing on this issue, the paper aims to tease out the relevant academic work and to further provide with some significant implications. Research design, data and methodology: The paper has divided the review into the following parts. Firstly, the connotation of experiential purchase and material purchase has been simply defined; Secondly, based on the logical framework of pre-factor variables, intermediary variables and regulating boundary conditions, this paper has collated the causal chain of the influence of purchases types on happiness; Finally, this paper has reviewed and summarized the shortcomings of existing studies, and have pointed out specific objectives of future research. Results: From the perspective of time utility and space form, this paper has expounded the substantive differences between the two types of purchase, which lays a foundation for the explanation of the follow-up mechanism. Moreover, the paper has mainly interpreted the intermediary mechanism from two aspects, namely, individual elements of consumers and social elements of consumption situations. Conclusions: This study expands the scope of previous happiness research and strengthens the negative events adaptation research.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze factors affected by the ICT utilization with perspectives of employees (Study 1) and customers (Study 2) that are rarely approached in previous studies. In particular, this study examined how proposed factors on ICT utilization affect employee satisfaction, organization performance, customer satisfaction, and purchasing decision making. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted an online survey to measure the effects. Cronbach's alpha was applied to test reliability and factor analysis was applied to check validity. Multiple regression analysis and ANOVA were applied to test hypotheses. Results: The results of this study found that the effects of self-development and organizational innovation on employee satisfaction were significant for study 1, while the effects of product satisfaction, promotional offers, and customer communication on purchase decision making were significant for study 2. Conclusions:This study provides managerial and policy implications. At the management level, it is necessary to make specific strategies to improve employee and customer satisfaction and organization performance associated with the utilization of ICT. The results of this study suggest that better policy should be prepared by government to foster utilization of ICT infrastructure and to enhance better relationships with employees and customers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2023

The detrimental impacts of financial instability on the world economy during the financial crisis highlighted the requirement to understand the existing financial circumstances. Stability and developments in financial conditions are important for economic prosperity. This study analyses the impact of geopolitical risk on the economic conditions of some specific emerging economies using monthly data from January 1999 to September 2016 by applying a fixed-effects panel data model. The estimation results demonstrated that geopolitical risk has a significant, negative impact on financial conditions. It shows geopolitical risk could be seen as a key factor that contributes towards financial conditions. Further, it implies that negative shocks of high geopolitical risk experienced by emerging economies are one of the primary reasons for the financial conditions' deterioration. The findings provide important insights for governments, policymakers, and investors. For instance, governments and politicians should refrain from expressing or producing tension, economic discomfort, or news that is likely to increase a high geopolitical risk. Maintaining a close eye on geopolitical risk and its sources may also help to stabilize financial conditions and develop a well-functioning financial system. As a result, investors would be better informed about an economy's economic and financial conditions, allowing them to diversify their international portfolios and devise investing strategies during uncertain economic times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.833-844
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• 2023

As technology convergence is recognized as a driver of innovation, the identification of technology convergence opportunities is critical to expanding a firm's technology portfolio. Recently, wearable technology has emerged as an important factor in creating new business opportunities and providing technology investment alternatives for firms in the era of Industry 4.0. Against this background, this study provides a new patent analysis framework for identifying and proposing technology convergence opportunities in the wearable field. Using 8,621 patents filed between 2011 and 2021, a case study was conducted to identify technological convergence opportunities by applying Word2Vec algorithm. The analysis framework can be divided into four stages, with the final stage recommending potential technology convergence opportunities for a specific candidate firm's technology area by calculating similarities between technology codes. This study aims to better understand the current status of wearable technology development as well as to propose a new methodology for capturing technology convergence opportunities in the wearable industry. The case study result suggests that the convergence of healthcare and ICT may provide new development opportunities. Furthermore, the results are expected to provide alternative perspectives on the development of new markets and technologies using wearable technology and can support the strategic decision-making on future technology planning in the wearable field.