• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.91-105
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to analyze the project performance and development process of the phase 1 project of GFEZ from 2004 to 2010. The phase 1 project from 2004 to 2010 is consist of eleven project zones. Among these zones, eight zones are currently underway and three zones have been completed. The performance of the phase 1 projects is no so much because it were stated later than planning with the difficulty of business developers selection. The major performances are development and supply of industrial & residential land, construction of road and railway, investment promotion of 102 companies, and creation of 20,971 new jobs. Most of the direct invested companies were located at Gwangyang and Yulchon Districts, and were mainly logistics and related service, iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, and fine chemicals. The main problems, however, are the limit of promotion of high-tech industries and large firms, low FDI reported rate, difficulty of superior business developers, delayed business progress of Hadong district. Therefore, efforts to solve these problems are required for the success of GFEZ.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to look into the influential factors on the care-workers-perceived job stress level according as the elderly-perceived satisfaction varies depending on care workers' organizational characteristic & attitudes toward work, and there's necessity of reducing their job stress. Hereupon, this study, targeting the care workers at domiciliary visit care centers in Seoul district, analyzed the influential factors of organizational factors consisting of the sub-factors, such as job autonomy, compensation, education and development, members' interrelationship, etc. on the perception level of job stress. As a result of analysis, it was found that the shorter their working hours, the more their salary, the more guaranteed their job autonomy, and the better their interrelationship is, the care workers at a domiciliary visit care center had a positive perception of job stress. Accordingly, the operators of domiciliary visit care centers are requested to have a lot more concerns for diverse forms of improvements which can not only improve care workers' working conditions, such as daily working hours and a pay level but also promote a sense of fellowship between members; in addition, it is hoped that the operators should improve the organizational environment so that care workers can freely carry out their assigned business with a sense of responsibility rather than relying on control and regulation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.77-96
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to develop correspondence strategies to the environment change in domestic retail store types. Recently, new types of retails have emerged in retail industries. Therefore, trade area platform has developed focusing on the speed of data, no longer trade area from district border. Besides, 'trade area smart' brings about change in retail types with the development of giga internet. Thus, context shopping is changing the way of consumers' purchase pattern through data capture, technology capability, and algorithm development. For these reasons, the sales estimation model has been shown to be flawed using the notion of former scale and time, and it is necessary to construct a new model. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focuses on measuring retail change in large multi-shopping mall for the outlook for retail industry and competition for trade area with the theoretical background understanding of retail store types and overall domestic retail conditions. The competition among retail store types are strong, whereas the borders among them are fading. There is a greater need to analyze on a new model because sales expectation can be hard to get with business area competition. For comprehensive research, therefore, the research method based on the statistical analysis was excluded, and field survey and literature investigation method were used to identify problems and propose an alternative. In research material, research fidelity has improved with complementing research data related with retail specialists' as well as department stores. Results - This study analyzed trade area survival and its pattern through sales estimation and empirical studies on trade areas. The sales estimation, based on Huff model system, counts the number of households shopping absorption expectation from trade areas. Based on the results, this paper estimated sales scale, and then deducted modified probability model. Conclusions - In times of retail store chain destruction and off-line store reorganization, modified Huff model has problems in estimating sales. Transformation probability model, supplemented by the existing problems, was analyzed to be more effective in competitiveness business condition. This study offers a viable alternative to figure out related trade areas' sale estimation by reconstructing new-modified probability model. As a result, the future task is to enlarge the borders from IT infrastructure with data and evidence based business into DT infrastructure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

This study is performed to light up the semiotic system of streetscape in the harbor on the basic concept of all cultural phenomena that could be described as a Semiotic System. The semiotic approach to landscape analysis was used for understanding landscape characteristics owing to implication of psychological process. Streets of the study were located at Ganguri and Opori on Gang-Gu Harbor and the signboard semiotics of streets were divided into 17 meanings according to the business category. The analysis of this category was applicable on semiotic meaning. The research results are as follows: First, the main part of the business category was food. 56.3% of Ganguri and 61.8% of Opori had the name of food businesses. Second, the semiotic characteristics of Gang-Gu harbor streets mainly mean place name or friendly name. The food business could be related to the principal products of this district which are called Young-Duk Great Crab. Also, the place name could be from symbolic meaning of the crab and the friendly name could be connected with increasing the sales. Finally, the semiotic approach to landscape does not fully cover the streetscape but could be useful for understanding a skeleton of harbor streetscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5_2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2010

The 21st century is currently undergoing an era of urban regeneration. The purpose of this research is to secure and expand the green infrastructure with zoning regulation in the context of urban regeneration. This objective also seeks a way of urban regeneration through the use of existing large parks by employing park-based mixed use districts around the periphery of large urban parks and green spaces. This research examines the limits, problems of existing single- and mixed-use zoning districts for securing of green infrastructure by book review. This research finally advocates introducing a another type of urban mixed-use districts, namely park-based mixed use district and its characteristics and functions, by using landscape ecology and landscape urbanism as a theoretical basis. The results of this research suggested that large parks and green spaces should be considered as one of patch in landscape ecology. This research also discusses the possibility that, as patches have ecotones with greater biodiversity in the peripheral areas of it, the green infrastructure can be constructed around the periphery of large urban large parks and green spaces by introducing cultural ecotone of nature's convergence with the city. As a result, the green infrastructure and high density of land use and using behaviour can be increased. Park-based mixed use districts encourage the convergence of parks and the city, with the park being used as the main function; residential, commercial, business and cultural uses etc. are partial functions. In order for the park-based mixed use districts to be designated, the size of large urban parks and green spaces, as well as location, city function and condition of the peripheral areas all need to be considered. The necessity to examine the designated width of the park-based mixed use districts and the form of the peripheral area was also discussed. This research, which is based on investigative research results, suggests that further in-depth and comprehensive analysis of the actual condition of urban large parks and peripheral areas needs to be completed. Specialists and other interested parties, analysis and investigation on related plans and designs are also needed for the institutional practice.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6D
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• pp.655-662
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to analyze tthe pattern of compacted area and the distribution characteristics in one-person household. Through ArcGis, we collect the basic data and classify the compact area in accordance with the pattern employing Ward method out of cluster analysis. The main results are found as follows; First, the station sphere type is located around Seomyun and Nampo-dong, which are the main CBD( Central Business District) This type must be essentially considered in residential plan for one-person household location. Second, the district oriented type is located around the subway and it has relatively better residential facilities and environments. Third, it is found that the younger worker including students resided in one room and villa in the type around university. Forth, the foreign workers and domestic workers in small and medium factory resided in the factory centered type which is far from the station sphere. Lastly, it is dormitory type which is isolated from the CBD, and insteadly amenable and well natural environment area, but students and workers in this area where there are lacking life-related facilities and aside from accessibilities feel uncomfortable.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.576-591
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• 2003

This study examined how historical facts of the past were established as a symbol or identity of a region and reorganized in the present local communities. Janseong has reorganized regional symbols through a regional festival named Hong-gil-dong Festival based on its tradition and cultural resources and used them as a strategy for the regional revitalization. Jangseong was known as "a district of noble scholars" represented by the Philam Seowon(local school) enshrining Kim In-hoo, a superior one of the Confusion scholars of Joseon period. And it was considered as "a place of justice" because of historical fact that it was an important base of Donghak movement and the struggle by righteous soldiers who fought for the country in the late Joseon period. Moreover, as the place which is assumed as a birthplace of Hong Gil-dong, a hero of the Hong Gil-dong story was excavated, the local government has reorganized Mr. Hong as a symbol of the region and has held the Hong Gil-dong festival for its development. In spite of its short history, the festival was established as a representative of Janseong. It also created various regional cultural attractions such as regional logos of Hong Gil-dong and a tourist attraction of his birthplace. Jangseong reorganized its tradition for the regional revitalization through a business-oriented property of the event strategy enforcing a dynamic and external image. In the aspects of tradition reorganization and use for actual development, it is sure that the Hong Gil-dong Festival will work for true integration and revitalization of the region by providing experiences of reorganized regional tradition and culture along with various regional landscapes.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.123-138
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• 2018

To sustainably monitor air pollution in Seoul, the number of Air Pollution Monitoring Station has been gradually increased by Korea's Ministry of Environment. Although particulate matters(PM), one of the pollutants measured at the stations, have an significant influence on human body, the concentration of PM in Korea came in second among 35 OECD member countries. In this study, using the data of PM concentration from the stations, distribution maps of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations over Seoul were generated, and spatial factors potentially related to PM distribution were investigated. Based on a circumscribed hexagon about a circle in radius of 500 meters created as a basic unit, Seoul was sectionalized and PM concentration map was generated using the interpolation technique of 'inverse distance weighting'. The distributions of PM concentrations were investigated with commuting time by administrative district and the outcome was related with land-use type and volume of traffic. Results from this analysis indicated distribution pattern of PM10 concentration was different from that of PM2.5 by administrative district and time. The distribution of PM concentration was strongly related to not only the size of business and trafficked areas among the land-use type, but also the existence of urban green. Further analysis of the relationship between the PM concentration and detailed land-use and urban green maps can be helpful to identify spatial factors which have an impact on the PM concentration on the regional scale.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.159-171
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated medical accessibility on optical stores and ophthalmic clinics of Seoul Special City and six other metropolitan cities. Methods: By using a number of households, population, optician stores, ophthalmic hospitals, and real estate (apartments) standard market price of Seoul Special City and six other metropolitan cities provided by the Commercial District Information System (2016.6) of Small Enterprise & Market Authority, we analyzed the level of healthcare accessibility and business area zones, Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0. Results: Inchon (household 2,227/population 5,723) had the highest household and population rate per optical store, and Gwangju (1,146/2,979) had the lowest. Gwangju (24,612/63,987) had the highest household and population rate per optical store, and Seoul (10,021/24,432) had the lowest. From the consumer and patient's point of view, lower household rate per optical store is a city with good accessibility to healthcare, but from an optical store and ophthalmic clinic's view, it will have great difficulty due to issues of competition. Conclusions: Consumers and patients should be the center of healthcare. A healthcare system that can provide smooth service anywhere anytime should be constructed. However, most metropolitan cities, including Seoul, have optical stores and ophthalmic clinics densely populated where profitability and liquidity are ensured and causing unbalanced distribution of healthcare. To solve such problems, we need proper distribution of optician stores according to the population proportion and industrial-educational research to find balance point of local healthcare.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.135-154
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to clarify the reason of the change of production-and-marketing system and of the regional division. The data for this study were collected by administering interviews with people engaging in hemp fabric industry: namely, craftsmen and managers in the production and marketing of "hemp fabric" handcraft. The summary of this study is as follows: First, the hemp fabric industry is a main subsidiary business of agriculture in Andong. The process of making hemp fabric heavily depends on manual labor. The process is divided into five stages: namely, cultivating hemp, pre-reeling, reeling, weaving, and colouring. Second, Andong "hemp fabric" handicrafts industry had been continuously growth until the late 1960s. During the period of Japan colonization, it was under boom condition: while the other traditional fabric industries were declined. In the 1970s, the decrease of the demand of hemp fabric was the result of mass production of substitute goods on factory system: while, in the 1980s, the growth of per capital income play an important role in bringing about the increased demand of hemp fabric. Third, in the 1980s. production-and-marketing system was changed as the result of the effort to improve the quality and the process, the advanced age of craftsmen, and the weak function of existing marketing systems. The social division of labor within the district is well developed between cultivating hemp, reeling and weaving. The social division of labor is also found in the partly process of handcratfs, and between the production and marketing. The social division of labor between production and marketing is not strongly developed to establish a reliable enterprise that develops a new product and opens a new market. Fourth, the spatial boundary of the production of hemp fabric handcrafts becomes limited into a special region based on the regional specialization of hemp cultivating and the differentiation of utilization of labor.