• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.93-104
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• 2012

Efforts to understand and develop reasonable analysis methods for the uncertainty of ground have been made since the 20th century, and the concept of safety factor has been used. However, this concept has limitation in measuring the relative reliability of ground structures because the representative values of the actually used factors have uncertainty. Nevertheless, there is no method to completely remove uncertainty. In most cases, the ground investigation results in Korea are not enough for applying such statistical methods. Furthermore, performing a design without accurate investigation of consolidation state even though consolidation characteristics such as settlement and consolidation velocity vary greatly by the consolidation history can lead to many problems. Therefore, in this paper, as part of the effort to reduce the uncertainty of design around over consolidation ratio among the consolidation factors, the consolidation state was assessed on the basis of the results of high-quality laboratory tests that were performed in Gwangyang and Busan in the southern coast of Korea. Furthermore, consolidation characteristics such as over consolidation ratio by depth were proposed for different regions through statistical processes such as the test of normality and the removal of abnormal values to reduce the uncertainty of design parameters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

Thick soft clay deposits which are generally located at the west and south coast of the Korean peninsula have complicated characteristics according to their orientation and formation history. Thus, several geotechnical problems could possibly occur when those soft clay deposits are used as foundations for marine structures. Deep cement mixing (DCM) method is one of the most widely used soft soil improvement method for various marine structures, nowadays. DCM method injects binders such as cement into the soft ground directly and mixes with the in-situ soil to improve the strength and other geotechnical properties sufficiently. However, the natural impacts induced by dynamic motions such as ocean waves, wind, typhoon, and tusnami give significant influences on the stability of marine structures and their underlaying foundations. Thus, the dynamic properties become important design criteria to insure the seismic stability of marine structures. In this study, the dynamic behavior of cemented Busan clay is evaluated. Laboratory unconfined compression test and resonant column test are performed on natural in-situ soil and cement mixed specimens to confirm the strength and strain-dependent dynamic behavior variation induced by cement mixing treatment. Results show that the unconfined compressive strength and shear modulus increase with curing time and cement content increment. Finally, the optimized cement mixing ratio for sufficient dynamic stability is obtained through this study. The results of this study are expected to be widely used to improve the reliability of seismic design for marine structures.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1996

The purpose of this research conducted has been an the development of a computer program to be used for nursing of spinal cord injury patients. The research is also intended to contribute by supplying the basic data, to the development of other programs in relevant areas where similar nursing information system is required. This research used System Development Life Cycle method. Results from the study were as follows : The scope of Information System in nursing practice were based on a wide range of mateials as charts at four hospitals in Pusan that cover the nursing period of spinal cord injury patients from admission to discharge and other sources of reference, the research is done for nursing diagnosis, nursing history, admission and discharge education, and the performing of doctor's order, which were divided into a subsystem that consisted of help, Patient Management, Performing of Docter's Order, and Basic Data Management and then these was analysed systematically using Hierachy Plus Input Process Output, necessary information, data flow diagram, and conceptual designs were developed for chosem system. Furthemore, the system has been programed by a conceptual design that includes the objects of the program and the origins of the sources. The oder to make sure of the proper function, the computer program was actually applied to a nursing practice that had been developed for a hypothetical situation through the two nurses who were in charge of spinal cord injury patients after they were trained to understand the structure and the contents of computer program about the nursing practice from using the computer program developed. Also, the compensatory strategy has been worked out against any problems to arise. It is expected that this kind of nursing practice information system to be used for the spinal cord injury patients that has been developed through the processes shown above will increase the satisfaction for both patients and nurses by enabling them to give more professional advice and service to the development of more information systems for many hospitals.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.7_spc
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• pp.527-536
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• 2016

This paper investigates seismic damage potential of recent September 12 M5.8 Gyeongju earthquake from diverse earthquake engineering perspectives using the accelerograms recorded at three stations near the epicenter. In time domain, strong motion durations are evaluated based on the accelerograms and compared with statistical averages of the ground motions with similar magnitude, epicentral distance and soil conditions, while Fourier analysis using FFT is performed to identify damaging frequency contents contained in the earthquake. Effective peak ground accelerations are evaluated from the calculated response spectra and compared with apparent peak ground accelerations and the design spectrum in KBC 2016. All these results are used to consistently explain the reason why most of seismic damage in the earthquake was concentrated on low-rise stiff buildings but not quite significant. In order to comparatively appraise the damage potential, the constant ductility spectrum constructed from the Gyeongju earthquake is compared with that of the well-known 1940 El Centro earthquake. Deconvolution analysis by using one accelerogram speculated to be recorded at a stiff soil site is also performed to estimate the soil profile conforming to the response spectrum characteristics. Finally, response history analysis for 39- and 61-story tall buildings is performed as a case study to explain significant building vibration felt on the upper floors of some tall buildings in Busan area during the Gyeongju earthquake. Seismic design and retrofit implications of M5.8 Gyeongju earthquake are summarized for further research efforts and improvements of relevant practice.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.753-762
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• 2019

It is very important to use the raw material in a particular field of research or education. Research without raw materials are difficult to prove and often remain hypothesis. The use of the raw material is also important in area studies that study specific areas. However, research of area studies, especially Western history, raw material and historical archives are very important data, but it is difficult to obtain and refer to these data due to physical or spatial constraints. In order to solve this problem, there is a method of collecting and providing historical archives, but it is currently difficult to find a case of providing overseas historical archives as a web system in Korea. Accordingly, in this paper proposes the necessity of collecting historical archives, the method of collection, and the method of digital archiving of collected data structurally and systematically. In this regard, investigate the existing research cases on the archive system and database design, and it description the differentiation between the existing systems and the modeling method proposed in this study. Also, to improve the efficiency of the search, it proposes a method of adding a tag table when database modeling.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.478-489
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• 2014

Recently, flood damage by frequent localized downpours in cities are on the increase on account of abnormal climate phenomena and growth of impermeable area by urbanization. In this study, we are focused on flooding on roads which is the basis of all means of transportation. To calculate real-time accumulated rainfall on a road link, we use the Coefficient of Correlation Weighting method (CCW) which is one of the revised methods of missing rainfall as we consider a road link as a unobserved rainfall site. CCW and real-time accumulated rainfall entered through the Internet are used to estimate the real-time rainfall on a road link. Together with the real-time accumulated rainfall, flooding history, rainfall range causing flooding of a road link and frequency probability precipitation for road design are used as factors to determine the Flood Risk Index on roads. We simulated two cases in the past, July, 7th, 2009 and July, 15th, 2012 in Busan. As a result, all of road links included in the actual flooded roads at that time got the high level of flood risk index.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 2019

The picture of the mathematics curriculum should carry the complex role of relieving the difficulties of mathematics while conveying the core of the mathematics contents well. This study examined the precedence of picture and text harmony and the importance of emotional expression. The discussion of children's picture books became an important reference in this process. The understanding of the child's psychology and cognitive characteristics in the long history of picture books and the insight into the relationship between text and pictures will be important guidelines for elementary school textbooks. Based on these previous studies, this study found some impressive examples of Chinese, Japanese, Indian, and American textbooks on the two complementary relationships between paintings and texts and emotional expressions of paintings. If necessary, we compared these textbooks with Korean textbooks. Through this analysis, this study draws some implications for Korean textbook drawing and textbook production process. That is, the process of reading the picture and interpreting its meaning should be treated as part of the study of mathematics. The mathematical concepts to be dealt with or the sentence description of the problem should be concurrent with the design of the picture. The monotonous expressions and dialogues of characters in textbooks should be avoided, and the personality and emotions of characters should be more abundant and freely expressive.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.581-590
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• 2022

It is important to create a decent pedestrian space in order to realize a public space that can ultimately improve the quality of life based on guaranteeing people's right to move while also enhancing urban activity. The goal of this study is to develop a pedestrian path evaluation system in order to lay the foundation for data construction leading to the creation of such elegant walking space. First, a basic system was established in keeping with factors and the space, and this system was used as the basic framework of the study. The trends identified in the literature can be divided into eight categories, denoted here as: Walking safety policy, Walking focused plan, Recognition transition, Transportaion system, Activity-linked walking, Facility utilization walking, Nature and history linked walking and Content convergence walking. The macro- and micro-indices and factors mentioned in related studies were synthesized and classified, and the basis for universality and differentiation was established by integrating them. Next, according to the basic composition of the walking system, Walking potential and slope safety in the Safety category, Basic walking connectivity and Traffic linkage in the Efficiency category, Walking arrangement and Rest convenience in the Health category, and Resource connectivity and Activity abundance in the Comfortability category macro evaluation system of the eight categories were established and a corresponding measurement method was developed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.9
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• pp.627-635
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• 2019

In Korea, snow damage has been happened in the region with no snowfalls in history. Also, casual damage was caused by heavy snow. Therefore, policy about the Natural Disaster Reduction Comprehensive Plan has been changed to include the mitigation measures of snow damage. However, since heavy snow damage was not frequent, studies on snowfall have not been conducted in different points. The characteristics of snow data commonly are not same to the rainfall data. For example, some parts of the southern coastal areas are snowless during the year, so there is often no values or zero values among the annual maximum daily snow accumulation. The characteristics of this type of data is similar to the censored data. Indeed, Busan observation sites have more than 36% of no data or zero data. Despite of the different characteristics, the frequency analysis for snow data has been implemented according to the procedures for rainfall data. The frequency analysis could be implemented in both way to include the zero data or exclude the zero data. The fitness of both results would not be high enough to represent the real data shape. Therefore, in this study, a methodology for selecting a probability density function was suggested considering the characteristics of snow data in Korea. A method to select probability density function using conditional joint probability distribution was proposed. As a result, fitness from the proposed method was higher than the conventional methods. This shows that the conventional methods (includes 0 or excludes 0) overestimated snow depth. The results of this study can affect the design standards of buildings and also contribute to the establishment of measures to reduce snow damage.