• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.349-362
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• 2020

Temperature affects the firing pattern and electrical activity of neurons in animals, eliciting diverse responses depending on neuronal cell type. However, the mechanisms underlying such diverse responses are not well understood. In the present study, we performed in vitro recording of abdominal ganglia cells of Aplysia juliana, and analyzed their burst firing patterns. We identified atypical bursting patterns dependent on temperature that were totally different from classical bursting patterns observed in R15 neurons of A. juliana. We classified these abnormal bursting patterns into type 1 and type 2; type 1 abnormal single bursts are composed of two kinds of spikes with a long interspike interval (ISI) followed by short ISI regular firing, while type 2 abnormal single bursts are composed of complex multiplets. To investigate the mechanism underlying the temperature dependence of abnormal bursting, we employed simulations using a modified Plant model and determined that the temperature dependence of type 2 abnormal bursting is related to temperature-dependent scaling factors and activation or inactivation of potassium or sodium channels.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1966

The mutual relationships of boron, Ca and sucrose were studied in relation to in vitro pollen growth and pollen bursting, by using conventient pollen from Crinum asiaticum for experiment. Crinum pollen are paticularly sensitive to Ca. Addition of very small amount of boron to cultural media was apparently synergistic to the action of sucrose and Ca in pollen germination and tube elongation. This action was extended to a higher level of boron concentraton. Combined application of boron, Ca and sucrose always gave the better results in pollen growth and protection against pollen bursting much more than when used singly. This indicated that there is a direct relationship between better growth of pollen and increased rigidity of pollen cell wall. A higher level of Ca concentration tended to increase bursting rate of pollen grains and decrease that of pollen tubes, while boron always depressed the rate of bursting. This was considered due to increased failure in pollen germination at high level of Ca that favors pollen tube elongation. The fact that Ca show an antagonistic effect on the suppressive action of high level of boron in pollen growth and shows different effect in response to pollen bursting from boron, suggested mode of Ca and boron action in the presence of sucrose is quiate different, although to increase in rigidity of pollen cell wall by them is in common nature. It was postulated therefore that Ca acts on pectins of pollen cell wall largely as "non-metabolic" and boron as "metabolic" promoter is pollen growth and protecting pollen bursting, since boron and Ca have common nature in strengthening the pollen cell wall but act differently.but act differently.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.423-436
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• 2019

Design equations to evaluate the bursting force in a post-tensioned anchorage zone have been introduced in many design codes, and one equation in AASHTO LRFD is widely used. However, this equation may not determine the bursting force exactly because it was designed on the basis of two-dimensional numerical analyses without considering various design parameters such as the duct hole and shape of the bearing plate. To improve the design equation, modification of the AASHTO LRFD design equation was considered. The behavior of the anchorage zone was investigated using three-dimensional linear elastic finite element analysis with design parameters such as bearing plate size and diameter of sheath hole. Upon the suggestion of a modified design equation for evaluating the bursting force in an anchorage block with a rectangular anchorage plate (Kim and Kwak 2018), additional influences of design parameters that could affect the evaluation of bursting force were investigated. An improved equation was introduced for determining the bursting force in an anchorage block with a circular anchorage plate, using the same procedure introduced in the design equation for an anchorage block with a rectangular anchorage plate. The validity of the introduced design equation was confirmed by comparison with AASHTO LRFD.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권3A호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2010

이 논문에서는 경간장이 30 m인 표준 PSC I 거더의 정착부 거동을 평가하기 위한 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 현재 사용되고 있는 표준 PSC I 거더의 정착부 파열보강철근은 텐던 긴장으로 인한 단부 콘크리트의 응력흐름을 정확히 반영하지 못 한 채 설계되었고, 과대보강으로 인해 콘크리트 타설 시 작업성이 크게 떨어지고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 표준 PSC I 거더와 동일한 단면을 갖는 실험체 3개를 제작하여 인장실험을 수행하였다. 각 실험체의 파열보강철근은 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm 간격의 격자형으로 배근되었다. 실험결과, 파열균열 긴장력은 모든 실험체에서 설계 긴장력의 1.6배 내외로 나타났고, 파열균열은 정착단부 내부에서 수직방향으로 발생하였다. 또한 설계 긴장력의 2.7배까지 긴장력을 도입한 결과, 파열보강철근 간격이 300 mm인 실험체의 일부 수평방향 파열보강철근만 항복되었다. 따라서 표준 PSC I 거더의 정착부 파열보강철근은 도로교설계기준에서 제한하고 있는 최대 간격 300 mm를 만족시키는 것만으로도 파열력에 대한 안전성을 충분히 확보할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2018

To improve the design equation for the evaluation of the bursting force in the post-tensioned anchorage zone, this paper presents the analyses and design of the post-tensioned (PT) anchorage zone on the basis of three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses. The structural behavior was investigated through linear elastic finite element analyses upon consideration of the change in design parameters such as the bearing plate size, the eccentricity, and the tendon inclination. Moreover, consideration of the duct hole, which causes an increase of the bursting stress with a change in its distribution along the anchorage zone as well, is emphasized. Since that an exact prediction of the bursting force is the primary interest in design practice, additional parametric analyses are carried out to evaluate the relative contribution of all design parameters in determining the bursting force, and a comparison with the design guidelines mentioned in AASHTO-LRFD has been provided. Finally, an improved design guideline that takes into account the influence by the duct hole is suggested.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

포스트텐션 공법의 파열력 계산은 탄성이론을 기반으로 한 Guyon의 제안식이 널리 활용되고 있다. Guyon의 파열력 계산식은 프리스트레스 힘과 콘크리트 단면 길이에 대한 정착판 단면 길이의 비가 주요 변수 이다. Guyon이 제시한 파열력 계산 방법은 사각형 정착판이 적용된 정착구를 기준으로 하고 있으나, 원형 정착구에 대해서도 그대로 적용하고 있다. 또한 Guyon은 정착구역에서 발생하는 복잡한 응력을 2차원으로 단순화하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 원형 정착구에 적용 가능 한 파열력 계산식을 제안하기 위하여 기존 이론의 분석과 정착구역에서 발생하는 응력에 대해 3차원 분석을 수행하였다. 기존의 파열력 계산식을 개선한 원형 정착구의 파열력 계산식을 제안하였다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.322-329
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• 2017

Perturbation in ambient particulate matter ($PM_1$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$) and black carbon (BC) concentrations was studied during a firecracker bursting episode in Diwali (Festival of Lights) celebrations in Nagpur, India. Firecracker bursting resulted in greater escalation in fine particulates over coarse particulates while $PM_{2.5}$ was found to be dominated by $PM_1$ concentration. On the Diwali day, daily mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$ exceeded Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards by over 1.8 and 1.5 times, respectively, while daily mean BC concentration on the same day was almost two times higher than the previous day. The BC/$PM_1$ ratio reduced remarkably from about 0.26 recorded before fire-cracker bursting activity to about 0.09 during fire-cracker bursting on Diwali night in spite of simultaneous escalation in ambient BC concentration. Such aberration in BC/$PM_1$ was evidently a result of much higher escalation in $PM_1$ than BC in ambient air during firecracker bursting. The study highlighted strong perturbations in ambient $PM_1$, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$ concentrations and BC/$PM_1$ during the firecracker bursting episode. Altered atmospheric BC/$PM_1$ ratios could serve as indicators of firecracker-polluted air and similar BC/$PM_1$ ratios in local and regional air masses might be used as diagnostic ratios for firecracker smoke.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2001년도 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1077-1082
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• 2001

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2005

Purpose: We evaluate the characteristics of vertebral body fractures in two level flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine Methods: The findings of radiographs, computed tomographs, and MRIs of 43 patients with flexion-distraction injuries combined with vertebral body fractures were retrospectively evaluated. We divided the patients with bursting fractures into two groups, the distractive group (posterior vertebral height ratio >1) and the compressive group (vertebral height ratio <1). Results: There were 23 compression fractures and 20 bursting fractures. In bursting fractures, the distractive group had 5 cases, and the compressive group 15 cases. In 24 cases (55.8%), the interspinous distances were widened. The average of the canal encroachment was 4% in the distractive group and 40% in the compressive group. At last follow-up, the average loss of correction was 2.0 degree in compression fractures and 2.7 degree in bursting fractures. Conclusion: The configurations of vertebral body fractures in flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine were varied as to the location of the axis of flexion. Because bursting fractures in flexion-distraction injuries had distractive or compressive features, one should consider that in establishing operative plan.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Forensic Engineering is the art and science of professionals qualified to serve as engineering experts in courts of law or in arbitration proceedings. Buses using compressed natural gas (CNG) trend to be extended in use internationally as optimal counterplan for reducing discharge gas of light oil due to high concern about environment. However, CNG buses is equipped with composite pressure vessels (CPVs); since the CPVs contain compressed natural gas, the risks in the case of accident is very high. In this study, the bursting test for the pressure vessel depending on the heat treatment conditions of the vessel in which the actual ruptured accident occurred, after the bursting test, the fracture pattern analysis had performed. The mechanical materials properties test using Instrumented Indentation Test had performed to confirm the mechanical properties for each heat treatment cases. Also, the fractography analysis and metallographic analysis had performed to find out the difference of each heat treatment case. By comparing normal vessel with abnormal vessel which have defect of heat treatment conditions in term of the bursting patterns and characteristics of containers using various forensic engineering methods, especially, it is possible to understand how important the heat treatment process is in the high pressure vessel unlike any product.