• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Recently, many researches for plant alkaloids, one of the largest groups of natural products, are reported because of their various pharmacological activity. This study was carried out to clone putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) gene which is a key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine and related alkaloids from Burley tobacco. To induce expression of PMT gene in tobacco plant, the floral meristem was removed and then mRNA was purified from root. cDNA encoding PMT gene was isolated by RT PCR and cloned. Three different groups of clones were screened by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion analysis and were characterized. The data of these screening revealed that three types of PMT are present in Burley tobacco. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of this three genes encoding putative PMT with those of other tobaccos revealed that two types of PMT are newly discovered from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Br21 tobacco and they were same as PMT2, PMT3 of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 1998

The vein necrotic strain of Potato Virus Y (PVY - VN) and black shank (Phyto-phthora parasitica var. nicotianae) are the two major diseases causing severe damages especially in burley tobacco (N. tabacum L.) area in Korea. A new tobacco variety, KB 111, resistant to PVY and black shank disease, was developed by Korea Ginseng & Tobacco Research Institute in 1997. It is a male sterile(MS) F$_1$ hybrid of the cross between MS TC 613 and KB 108. KB 111 was compared to Burley 21 on the agronomic characteristics and disease resistances in performance tests: It possessed upright growth habit and flowered two days later than Burley 21. It was resistant to both PVY and black shank and yielded about 3% more cured leaf than Burley 21, but other characteristics are very simiar to those of Burley 21. The chemical composition and physical properties of the cured leaf of KB 111 were as much acceptable as those of Burley 21 while it produced average yield of good quality leaf and appeared to resistant to PVY and black shank disease on regional farm test in 1998.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1984

This study was carried out to find out the variations in Burley 21 variety of Surely tobacco. Jeonjul and nine other selected lines of Burley 21 were evaluated. Plant height and several other characteristics were significantly different among tested lines. Especially, Jangsu-1, the earliest flowered line, flowered 5 to 7 days earlier than other lines and had the smallest length width ratio of the largest leaf. Narrow-leaved type, whose length/width ratio of the largest leaf was above 2, 16, was significantly different in number of leaves and weight per unit leaf area from broad-leaved type whose length/width ratio of the largest leaf being below 1.97. Among tested lines, Jeonju (2) - 2 was the best in major agronomic characteristics, yield and physical properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to select the suitable burley varieties for paddy field. Two varieties, two $F_1$ hybrids and three $F_1$ hybrids with pale yellow line which were all early maturing were tested in the paddy field condition. The results were as follows. 1. Va 528 and all $F_1$ hybrids flowered 4-8 days earlier than Burley 21. 2. Leaf maturity among varieties and $F_1$ hybrids were not significantly different at first priming, but significant differences were detected from second to forth primings. (MS Ky 12x JB 7802-30)Fl and (MS Br 21 x L8)$F_1$ hybrids matured 3-5 days earlier than Burley 21. Pale yellow hyorids matured early, yielded high and were favorable in physical properties, but were low in quality. 4. Va 528 and (MS Br 21 x L8) $F_1$ hybrid showed earthy maturing, high yield and good quality compared with Burley 21. So two varieties were considered suitable for paddy field cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1985

Effect of the two PVY strains(PVY-VB and PVY-VN) on yield and chemical constituents of tobacco plants was determined in roar. NC2326 and Burley 21. The virus was inoculated 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting, respectively. The strains and time of inoculation were most critical factors for yield reduction. The greatest reduction was caused by the necrotic strain (PVY-VN) inoculated 6 weeks after transplanting, accounting for the loss of 40% in var. NC2326 and of 45% in var.. Burley21. When inoculated 8 weeks after transplanting with the necrotic strain, only 17% reduction was recorded in roar. Burley21, but no reduction occurred in roar. NC2326. Generally less reduction was caused by the PVY-VB strain, ranging 12-16% depending on the time of inoculation and/or variety. Compared to healthy tobacco, PVY infected tobacco contained higher concentrations of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and lower total sugar in cured leaf of roar. NC2326. Total alkaloid, P, Mg, Ca, and K levels were not altered. In var. Burley21, protein nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen increased, but other chemical components were not changed. Necrotic strain-infected tobacco with a severe symptom had higher nitrogen than did mild strain-infected tobacco.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 1986

Volatile aroma components, non-volatile organic acids in lamina and stems of flue-cured(NC 2326) and burley ( Burley 21) were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, respectively. Then compositional differences of these components between lamina and stems were discussed. The contents of volatile components were higher in flue-cured than in burley tobacco, and it was also higher in lamina then in stem. The major aroma components in lamina were neophytadiene , nicotine, solanone and benzyl alcohol but those in stems were palmitic acid, neophytadiene, nicotine, solanone and phenyl ethyl acetate. On the other hand, the contents of non-volatile organic acids were higher in burley than in flue-cured tobacco, and these values of burley tobacco were higher in lamina than in stem but flue-cured tobacco were higher in stem than in lamina. The major acids in all the above four tabacco samples were malic, citric, oxalic and linolenic acid.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.222-226
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• 2000

In disease surveys from 1986 ti 1998, disease incidence of tobacco black shank was gradually increased in burley tobacco from 1996. To study the causes of the disease occurrence, one hundred and fourteen isolates of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae (Ppn) were collected from burley tobacco-growing areas in the southern part of Korea during 1996-1997, and tested in vitro for meatlaxyl sensitivity which was determined by measuring the mycelial growth on corn meal agar (CMA) amended with metalaxyl. Of the tested isolates, 78.1% showed sensitive to metalaxyl, having $\textrm{ED}_{50}$ values less than 1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}/$\textrm{ml}, while 1.7% was resistant weth $\textrm{ED}_{50}$ greater than 100 $\mu\textrm{g}/$\textrm{ml}. Ppn isolates from three provinces, Chungnam, Chonbuk and Chonnam showed similar distributions of metalaxyl sensitivity. Metalaxyl-resistant isolates were not significantly different from metalaxyl-sensitive ones in mycelial growth rate, chlamydospore formation capacity and size of the spore, and pathogenicity on tobacco plant (cv. Burley 21). These results suggest that the metalaxyl-resistant Ppn in burley tobacco may be one of the major factors to cause the higher occurrence of the tobacco black shank in the burley tobacco-growing area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of forced fermentation on chemical and sensory properties in burley leaf tobacco. Three process steps of burley leaf tobacco(green and redried leaves produced in 2000, and aged leaves in 1998) and four grades(BlT, B2T, C1W and C2W) of leaf for every step were used in this study. The leaves were moistened by 22% moisture content, packed under 200kg/㎥ condition and stored in chamber controlled 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 90% R.H. for 7 days. Nicotine contents in three steps of burley leaf tobacco were significantly decreased by forced fermentation. Except for aged leaf, pH values of green and redried leaves were significantly lowered. Nicotine, tar and CO contents of cigarette smoke showed little difference between cigarettes containing 23%, 26% and 29% of fermented burley leaf and controlled cigarette(containing 19% of aged burley leaf). The cigarette containing 26% of the redried and fermented leaf was significantly better taste and less irritation than controlled cigarette. The results suggest that the forced fermentation may be useful to increase the rate of burley tobacco in leaf blending and to shorten the period of storage for aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 1999

This study was carried out to compare the change physico-chemical properties in the 10 grades of Burley leaf tobacco expanded by $CO_2$. The filling capacity of AB3T was increased from 5.44cc/g to 9.52cc/g with the expansion rate 75.0% and that of CD3W was increased from 5.57cc/g to 10.16cc/g with the expansion rate 82.4%. But the rate of cut tobacco longer than 3.36 mm decreased from 77.2% to 49.9% and from 67.3% to 41.2% in grade B1T and C1W, respectively. The contents of nicotine and total volatile base in the of expanded cut tobacco decreased 11.9% and 10.4% respectively. The contents of onganic acids, except oxalic and palmitic acid, essential oil, amino acids, nicotine, tar and ammonia contents in the cigarette smoke decreased by expansion procecs. These results suggest that expanded tobacco was very useful to make less irritative cigarettes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1983

The tensile strength (Pm) . elongation percentage ($\varepsilon$) , elastic modulus (I) , and specific volume (Sv) were calculated from the data of tensile characteristics of By 104 .and Burley 21 tobacco leaves, which were measured over a relative humidity from 60 to 80% at $20\pm2^{\circ}C$.The important results obtained were as follows.(1) Tensile strength(Pm) The "Pm"of By 104 was greater than that of Burley at. The "Pm"in both varieties were increased toward the upper stalk position and according to the decrease of relative humidity. The "Pm" of parallel piece to tile vein in a leaf were greater than that of right angle piece to the vein. (2) Elongation percentage ($\varepsilon$). The "s" of By 104 was higher than that of Burley 21. The "s" in both varieties were increased toward the upper stalk position and according to the increase of relative humidity. The "s" of parallel Piece to the vein in a Burley leaf was greater than that of right angle piece to the vein. (3) Elastic modulus (E) The "E" of Burley 21 leaf was higher than that of By 104. The "E" in both varieties were increased toward the lower stalk position and according to decrease of relative humidity. The "E"of parallel piece to the vein in both varieties leaves were greater than that of right angle piece to tile vein. (4) Specific volume (Sv) The "Sv" of Burley 21 leaf was increased than that of By 104. The "Sv" in both varieties were increased toward the lower stalk position and according to the decrease of relative humidity.ot;Sv" in both varieties were increased toward the lower stalk position and according to the decrease of relative humidity.dity.