• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.443-448
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate changes of blood metabolites and enzyme activities at different slaughter ages of Hanwoo cattle. Blood samples were taken from six hundred thirty two steers (24~33 months of age) and one hundred twenty eight bulls (17~24 months of age) by venipuncture from caudal vein immediately prior to slaughter. Glucose concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were linearly decreased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in steers. Likewise, glucose and albumin concentrations in bulls were linearly decreased (P=0.009 and P<0.001, respectively) with increases of the slaughter age. BUN, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol concentrations were linearly increased (P<0.001, 0.018 and 0.002, respectively), and creatinine concentrations were quadratically increased (P=0.009) with increases of the slaughter age. Activity of gamma glutamyltransferase (${\gamma}$-GT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was linearly increased (P<0.001) with increases of the slaughter age in both steers and bulls, whereas alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was not affected by increasing slaughter age. In addition, the concentrations of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST were higher (P<0.05) for bulls than those of steers at 24 months of age. Increased levels of ${\gamma}$-GT and AST indicate impaired liver function; it may be associated with increases of concentrate level which is a concomitant of the extended fattening periods in Hanwoo feeding. In conclusion, the results in the present study may be one of the useful information for diagnosis of the metabolic disorder in Hanwoo cattle.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

육성 거세 한우(평균 체중 200kg)에게 6주 동안 배합사료의 16%와 볏짚의 48%를 대체하는 수준에서, 그리고 Holstein 비거세우(평균 체중 336 kg)에게 12주 동안 배합사료 4%와 볏짚18%를 대체하는 수준에서 퇴적발효한 육계생분­톱밥­왕겨 혼합물(DBSR 최종 함수율 45%)의 펠렛을 무제한 급여한 후 사료섭취량, 증체율, 사료효율, 경제성 및 도체 특성을 평가하였다. DBSR pellet의 기호성은 양호한 편이었다. 대조구와 비교해서 DBSR pellet 급여는 육성 거세 한우의 증체량(31.6 vs 36.6 kg), 일당 증체율(0.75 vs 0.87), 사료효율(7.23 vs 7.53)과 Holstien 비거세우의 증체량(148 vs 155 kg), 일당증체율(1.76 vs 1.84) 및 사료효율(5.69 vs 6.02)에 유의적 영향을 미치지 않았으며(P＞0.05), 증체 당 사료비용은 축종별로 각각 18.5% 및 3.5% 절감되었다. Holstein 비거세우에의 DBSR pellet 급여는 도체중, 육량 및 육질에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 수분흡수제로서 톱밥, 왕겨와 혼합한 케이지 육계생분의 퇴적발효물은 육성비육우용 사료로서 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1474-1480
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• 2018

Objective: Isoquinoline Alkaloids, derived from one plant (Macleaya cordata) can be an alternative when it is desired to increase performance in feedlot cattle. However, results on these nutritional additives in high energy diets in ruminants are still incipient in literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls supplemented with sanguinarine, the main alkaloid presents in Macleaya cordata in high energy density diets. Methods: Thirty-two crossbred Angus-Nelore bulls with mean initial body weight of $365{\pm}10kg$ and mean initial age of $11{\pm}3$ months were used. The experiment lasted 119 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 105 experimental days. Experimental diet consisted of 85% whole corn grains and 15% protein-vitamin-mineral nucleus and supplied ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and a diet with sanguinarine supplementation (SAN) at a dosage of 4 g of product sufficient to provide 6 mg of sanguinarine/d. Experimental design was completely randomized. Results: Dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, SAN group animals had higher carcass yield (p = 0.045) and were more efficient in the transformation of dry matter consumed in carcass gain (p = 0.046) than CON. In addition, haptoglobin, increased throughout feedlot duration meaning high challenge for the animals due to the diet, but this behavior was similar (p>0.05) between treatments. Conclusion: Sanguinarine produced positive results in relation to carcass yield and could be used as an additive for bulls fed diets receiving high energy density diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2018

Objective: This study was performed to understand transcriptional changes in the genes involved in gluconeogenesis and glycolysis pathways following castration of bulls. Methods: Twenty Korean bulls were weaned at average 3 months of age, and castrated at 6 months. Liver tissues were collected from bulls (n = 10) and steers (n = 10) of Korean cattle, and hepatic gene expression levels were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We examined hepatic transcription levels of genes encoding enzymes for irreversible reactions in both gluconeogenesis and glycolysis as well as genes encoding enzymes for the utilization of several glucogenic substrates. Correlations between hepatic gene expression and carcass characteristics were performed to understand their associations. Results: Castration increased the mRNA (3.6 fold; p<0.01) and protein levels (1.4 fold; p<0.05) of pyruvate carboxylase and mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase genes (1.7 fold; p<0.05). Hepatic mRNA levels of genes encoding the glycolysis enzymes were not changed by castration. Castration increased mRNA levels of both lactate dehydrogenase A (1.5 fold; p<0.05) and lactate dehydrogenase B (2.2 fold; p<0.01) genes for lactate utilization. Castration increased mRNA levels of glycerol kinase (2.7 fold; p<0.05) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (1.5 fold; p<0.05) genes for glycerol utilization. Castration also increased mRNA levels of propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta (mitochondrial) (3.5 fold; p<0.01) and acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 3 (1.3 fold; p = 0.06) genes for propionate incorporation. Conclusion: Castration increases transcription levels of critical genes coding for enzymes involved in irreversible gluconeogenesis reactions from pyruvate to glucose and enzymes responsible for incorporation of glucogenic substrates including lactate, glycerol, and propionate. Hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression levels were associated with intramuscular fat deposition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.17.1-17.4
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• 2014

Puberty is a stage of sexual development determined by the interaction of many loci and environmental factors. Identification of genes contributing to genetic variation in this character can assist with selection for early pubertal bulls, improving genetic progress in livestock breeding. Thyroid hormones play an important role in sexual development and spermatogenic function. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in thyroglobulin(TG) gene with age of puberty in Angus bulls. Four SNPs were genotyped in 273 animals using SEQUENOM technology and the association between markers and puberty age was analyzed. Results showed a significant association (P < 0.05) between these markers and puberty age estimated at a sperm concentration of 50 million and a progressive motility of 10%. This is the first report of an association of TG polymorphisms with age of puberty in bulls, and results suggest the importance of thyroidal regulation in bovine sexual development and arrival to puberty.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.375-384
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of brucellosis in Korean native cattle in a farm where bovine brucellosis was confirmed 3 times from September 2006 to March 2007. Of 74 bulls serum samples examined, 21 (28.4%) were positive by Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and Standard tube agglutination test (STAT). In the isolation test from seropositive bulls, B abortus was isolated and identified from 2 specimens (testis, intestinal lymph node) among 6 kinds of specimens including blood, urine, feces and soil. Isolation rate of intestinal lymph node and testis was 25% (3/12 cases) and 16.7% (2/12), respectively. B abortus was also isolated from calves below 12 months old, i.e., 1 isolate (25.0%) was confirmed from testis, 4 (40.0%) from supra-mammary lymph nodes and 1 (25.0%) from intestinal lymph node. All isolates had Brucella specific 16s r-RNA with 905-bp band detected by PCR assay. For the more effective control of bovine brucellosis in korea, this paper would like to suggest that all of bulls and calves should be included in the screening tests.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2023

Objective: The conservation of Bali bulls, the Indonesian native breed of cattle, is crucial for cattle breeding in Indonesia. To guarantee the spread of Bali bulls through artificial insemination the quality of the frozen semen must be high. To this end, adding an extender material to semen that increases spermatozoa's survival during cryopreservation is important. Green tea extract (GTE) can be used as cryoprotectant because its high antioxidant activity can help avoid reactive oxygen species formation. Methods: Semen of five Bali bulls from the National Artificial Insemination Center at Singosari, Indonesia was collected routinely twice a week. First, fresh semen inspection was performed to determine the feasibility of using Bali bulls as animal samples. The extender used in this study was Tris-based egg yolk. The samples were divided into four treatments: T0, no GTE added to the extender; T1, 0.05 mg GTE plus 100 mL extender; T2, 0.10 mg GTE plus 100 mL extender; and T3, 0.15 mg GTE plus 100 mL extender. The semen freezing process was conducted according to standard procedures and sperm quality parameters, i.e., sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, and membrane integrity observed pre-freezing and post-thawing. Results: There were significant differences in total motility, progressive motility, viability, and integrity membrane of Bali bull sperm at both pre-freezing and post-thawing after adding GTE into the extender. In contrast, there were no differences in abnormalities among treatments. Conclusion: Adding GTE at a 0.15 mg into 100 mL Tris-based egg yolk extender can improve the quality of cryopreserved Bali bull sperm.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1796-1805
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims to identify heat shock protein70-2 (HSP70-2) and protamine-1 (PRM1) mRNA and protein in Madura bull sperm and demonstrate their relation as bull fertility biomarkers. Methods: The Madura bull fertility rates were grouped based on the percentage of first service conception rate (%FSCR) as high fertility (HF) (79.04%; n = 4), and low fertility (LF) (65.84%; n = 4). mRNA of HSP70-2 and PRM1 with peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a housekeeping gene were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure protein abundance. In the post-thawed semen samples, sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and sperm DNA fragmentation index were analyzed. Data analysis was performed on the measured parameters of semen quality, relative mRNA expression, and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1, among the bulls with various fertility levels (HF and LF) in a one-way analysis of variance analysis. The Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between semen quality, mRNA, proteins, and fertility rate. Results: Relative mRNA expression and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1 were detected and were found to be highly expressed in bulls with HF (p<0.05) and were associated with several parameters of semen quality. Conclusion: HSP70-2 and PRM1 mRNA and protein molecules have great potential to serve as molecular markers for determining bull fertility.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

본 연구는 국내 국가단위 평가결과의 문제점을 해결하면서 유전 능력평가시스템을 고도화하고 우리나라가 국제유전평가에 참여하기 위하여 국제평가기구에서 요구하는 검증작업을 통과하기 위하여 수행하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 자료는 농협중앙회 젖소개량부에서 수집한 분만일이 2001년부터 2009년까지의 검정성적으로 총 1,416,589개이며 산차는 5산으로 제한하였으며, 누적착유일은 75~305일로 제한하였고, 전체 혈통자료는 2,279,741개이며 부모를 갖는 개체는 535,409개이고 아비소는 2,467두로 구성되어 있는 기록들을 이용하였다. 유량, 유지방, 유단백에 대한 육종가는 신규로 개발한 다형질모형(Multiple traits model)을 이용하여 육종가를 구하였으며 기초작업은 SAS version 9.2와 R프로그램을 이용하였으며 유전모수를 추정하기 위하여 VCE 6.0을 이용하였다. 전반적으로 유전적 추세는 꾸준히 지속되어 오고 있으며 산차별 차이가 두드러지게 나타나지는 않았다. 유지방을 제외하고 유량과 유단백 형질의 추세가 잘 추정되었음을 알 수 있다. 유전평가분석결과 상위 1000두의 랭킹안에 최근의 생년을 갖는 딸소가 기존에 사용한 모수로 분석한 결과보다 딸소가 증가했음을 알 수 있다. 국제유전평가모형을 통해 새로 평가한 결과 씨수소상위 100두를 기존 평가모형에 의한 평가결과와 비교했을 때, 2006년생은 23두에서 28두로 2007년생은 12두에서 20두로 2008년생은 2두에서 8두로 증가하였다. 이는 최근의 딸소나 씨수소의 유전능력이 우수함에도 불구하고 상위에 랭크되지 못했던 결과가 새 모형의 적용으로 보완하여 새로운 평가분석에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 기존의 단형질 모형 대신 다형질 모형을 이용한 분석방법으로 평가를 실시하고 국제유전평가에도 다형질 모형을 이용한 육종가를 제시함으로써 다형질 선발의 정확도가 향상될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

본. 연.구.는. 한.우. 수.송.아.지.률. 연.령.별.(4, 9, 12, 및 16개월령 )로 거세하여 사육하는 동안 도체의 이화학적 특성을 비교 검토하기 위하여 실시되었다. 총 75두{형균 4개월령 )의 한우를 Control (비거세우) 및 Treatment I, II, III, 또는 IV(각각 4, 9, 12, 및 16개월령 에 거세)에 업의로 배치한 다음, 각각 7, 9, 12, 16, 및 28개월령 에 도축을 하였다. 한우 등심내 수훈 함량은 비거세우 및 거세우 공히 도축월령이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 28개월령 도축시 거세우의 등심 내 명균 수분 함량은 68.63%로써, 비거세우의 72.18%에 비하여 유의척 (P <0.05)으로 낮았다. 한우 등심내 조지방 함량은 버거세우와 거세우 공히 도축월령이 증가할 수록 증가하였다. 특히, Treatment III(12 개월령 거세우)는 28 개월령에 도축시 모든 거세우들 중 가장 높은 10.24% 의 조지방 함량을 나타내었다. 한우 비거세우 의 동성 내 조단백질 함량운 도축월령에 상판 없이 23% 정도 이었다. 버거세우와 거세우 공히 등성내 보수력은 도촉월령이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향이었으며， 특히 거세우의 경우 16개월령 이후 급격한 보수력의 증가를 보여 28개월령 도축시에는 비거세우(70. 00%)에 비하여 거세우에서 현저하게( P <0.05) 높은( 78 .39%) 보수력을 나타내었다. 한우 버거세우는 도축월령이 증가할수록 등심내 palmitic acid(CI6: o)의 함량이 증가하였으며(20.92 \longrightarrow 24.22%), stearic acid (CI8 : 0)는 감소하였다(18.15\longrightarrow11.32%). 주요 불포화 지방산인 이eic acid(CI8: I)의 함량은 도축월령이 증가할수록 현저하게(P<0.05) 증가 (25.59 \longrightarrow 37.9%) 하였다. 거세우의 등심내 지방산 변화는 전체적으로 비거세우와 유사하였으나, 28 개월령 거세우의 경우 버거세우에 비하여 oleic acid의 함량이 높았으며，stearic acid 함량은 비거세우 보다 낮았다.