• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2006

We have focused on the building appearance according to the change of conservation policy and urban fabric in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved in modern contort from 1920's to 1960's, that is to say, many buildings(Urban Hanok) in Bukchon area has built up with a lot and road at the same time. But the change of conservation policy has an effect on the urban fabric and building(wooden structure, RC and brick building). Thus many types of building in Bukchon has undergone a various change. The purpose of this paper is to define a change factor of Bukchon buildings. Thus we need to pay attention to policy and urban fabric. We reached the result as follows. First, the change of architecture regulations according to the several policies(an aesthetic area, an altitude area for sky line restriction and so on) brought into building deformation and eventually the historic scenery of Bukchon has been spoiled. Second, the change of policy had an effect on the change of roads and lots. Buildings on a widen road and a united lot was built newly. But new buildings built up with a concrete or brick structure was not in harmony with the historic scenery of Bukchon area. Third, a development method of a large lot with lack prudence(disregarded a scale and size of lot) did damage to Urban hanok and urban fabric. With the understanding on the relationship of buildings, a urban fabric and a policy in Bukchon, we can define the identity and correspond with the urgent request for a the conservation of historic urban scenery In addition we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Bukchon, Seoul.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2017

Hanok in Bukchon was originally planned for residential buildings, but recently, there have been needs and wants to renovate and modernize the houses into some other purposes. Many researches exist with regard to hanok in Bukchon; yet, most previous studies focus on the spatial changes caused by the renovation of hanok. Only few studies have dealt with some component issues such as window. Nevertheless, window of hanok is an important aesthetic and functional element that determines unique characteristics of hanok. In the process of recent modernization and functional changes of hanok, its traditional design is also changing. In fact, Bukchon has been rapidly evolving for tourist attractions so that banok has been renovated in various commercial as well as cultural purposes. Many of residential hanok have been converted into other purposes such as cultural, commercial or non-residential facilities so that the role of windows should be changed accordingly. Analyzing windows of the renovated hanok in Bukchon, this study identifies changes in its types in accordance with the repurposing. It deals with windows of the non-residential hanok only. A total of 456 Bukchon hanok are included in the Bukchon Historical and Cultural Center in the Hanok Register of the Hanok Registration System, which was enforced in 2001. Although 381 out of 456 hanok have been repaired since 2001, only 68 non-resident Bukchon hanok of the repaired ones are selected and surveyed in this study.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2004

Open-rectangular plan Hanok is one of the major types that compose the urban tissues of Bukchon, a typical traditional residential area in Seoul. Through the comparison of the cadastral map of 1912 and the aerial photograph of 1962, the paper has given the outline of the and the distribution of Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon. And the paper defines the characteristics of Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon as followings. First, Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon is the mutated type of Open-rectangular plan Hanok in Kyong-gi Province. Second, the composition and characteristics of Bakat-chae and outer-courtyard have been changed through the adaptation itself to the compact lots of urban neighborhood. Third, the composition and characteristics of An-chae has not been changed except the inner corner bay, that gives the lights and view to An-bang through the window. And the comparison and observation of four examples, the paper defines the identities of Open-rectangular plan Hanok at Bukchon. The partial transformation comes from the conflicts and adjustments with the structure of alley and the topographical condition of lots.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2008

This study explores the beneficial methodology to increase cultural values of urban style Hanok, Korean traditional residence. Based on the literary geographical approach, this study defines the physical identities of special Bukchon Hanok area in Seoul. The explored physical identities are to provide basic fundamentals for supplying and maintaining new Hanok buildings, including how to preserve and restore the traditional Hanok areas. They are also to develop various Hanok related cultural products and to encourage Hanok popularization. In addition, this study is to add more the humane values and significances to the previous relevant researches. With these perspectives and through above mentioned methodology, the study draws the physical identities of Bukchon Hanok area and meanings as belows: The first one is the collective identity. Bukchon Hanok area is mainly composed of organic spaces with its collective scenary. Narrow alleys and curved lanes created by collective gaps between Hanok buildings, provide residents and visitors with abundant choices of moving path. The second one is the formal identity. Bukchon Hanok maintain their unique layout patterns. The basic units of Chae are combined in specific ways such as 'ㄱ', 'ㄷ', 'ㅁ' types and result typical formal expression of the area. The third one is grounding identity which represent the relationship between the earth and every-day living space. Each Chaes of house always surround Madang, Korean traditional court yard with rare vegetation. And the connection to the ground is transferred to the memories of its dwellers. Lastly, the current Hanok still preserve similar characteristics of past time Hanok such as materials, structure and styles by using unique building technics and exposing traditional ornamenting styles.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

Due to an increasing amount of high rise apartment complexes and rapid city development, traditional houses and traditional housing districts have disappeared rapidly. Recognizing importance of traditional housing value, City of Seoul initiated public supports for traditional house preservation and revitalization of traditional housing district, especially Bukchon area. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of public support for Bukchon area by investigating land value changes. Land value changes were compared among the three periods, 1) before the municipal support initiated ($1997{\sim}1999$), 2) initial period of governmental policy and support ($2000{\sim}2003$), 3) development period in which policy has activated and governmental preservation and revitalization efforts have exercised ($2004{\sim}2007$). For the comparison of land value changes, houses in other districts in City of Seoul have been selected. As a result, land value has been changed along with land value changes in other areas in Seoul. Land values of Bukchon area appeared in the middle range in Seoul area. However, the increasing rate of land value of traditional houses and traditional housing district are much higher than that of other areas. Except for economical support and legislation for preservation and revitalization of traditional housing district, there is few factors explaining the sudden increase of land values. The result indicated the positive impacts of municipal committment and policies on development and preservation projects and suggested that governmental policy and support should be practiced continuously for gradual development for the traditional housing district.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2005

We have focused on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon, Seoul. The Urban Hanok, urban traditional housing type, had been evolved In modern context from 1930's to 1960's. We have confused Urban Hanok with traditional Hanok, because they have similar figures. But Urban Hanok have the characteristics as a result of the roof construction method. The purpose of this paper is to define Urban Hanok more concretely, thus we payed attention to the roof structure, specially to the comer that each roof structure meets. So we got some characteristics of the roof construction method of Urban Hanok in Bukchon. First, the roof construction methods of the roof are transformed at the corner parts, where three purlin structure and five purlin structure meet. The collision of the different roof structure has made a lot of types. Second, the roof slope of Urban Hanok is more gentle than traditional Hanok, that is caused by ornamental double eaves and awnings. Finally these characteristics are results of the compact lot size in urban neighborhood. The construction method is a inclusive word that contain materials, composition, ornament and social common sense. With the understanding on the roof construction method of Urban Hanok, we can define the identity and the value of Urban Hanok, And we can suggest the policy and the design guidelines for the reservation and rehabilitation for Urban Hanok of Bukchon, Seoul.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2012

본 연구는 북촌의 가로 중에서도 특히 한옥밀집지역인 가회동을 중심으로 가로경관에 대한 이론적 고찰과 북촌 가로경관의 대한 시각적 특성에 따른 선호도의 상관관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 이에 북촌의 가장 대표적인 경관 삼청동 35번지, 가회동 31번지, 11번지를 대상으로 가로경관의 시각량과 선호도의 관계를 기술분석하였다. 또한 요인분석을 통하여 북촌가로경관의 이미지 특성의 공통요인을 추출하였고, 회귀분석을 실시하여 이미지평가와 선호도간의 관계를 파악하였다. 이에 따른 연구결과로는 첫째, 시각량과 선호도 관계에서 가회동 31번지의 가로경관이 가장 선호도가 높게 나타났으며, 북촌가로경관의 천장면과 식재의 시각량이 높을수록 높은 선호를 보이고 있었다. 둘째, 심리적인 측면에서는 북촌의 가로경관은 '심미성', '쾌적성', '정연성'의 특성으로 설명되었으며, 가장 선호가 높게 나온 가회동 31번지와 낮게 나온 삼청동 35번지는 '심미성' 항목에서 많은 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 셋째, 심리변수 요인에 대한 요인점수와 선호도에 대해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, '심미성'을 설명하는 인자가 선호도에 가장 많은 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 전체 경관과 조화를 이루어 지역적인 특성을 잘 살린 이용자가 만족할 수 있는 북촌의 가로 정비 방안이 체계적으로 발전되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.713-727
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• 2021

본고는 1950-2010년대 한국영화를 대상으로 광화문과 주변지역이 영화적 공간에서 어떤 의미작용을 하는지를 고찰하고자 한다. 첫째, 1950-1960년대 한국영화에서 명동(남촌)과 북촌·서촌·동촌은 강렬한 욕망과 치명적 좌절, 근대화의 그림자와 갈등을 통해서, 화려한 도시의 지하세계와 비극적 파토스를 보여주는 원초적·지각·실존 공간이다. 둘째, 1970-1990년대 한국영화에서 명동·종로(남촌·북촌)와 서촌·동촌은 자유/악의 이분법과 부/빈곤의 이분법을 통해서 공적 복수와 사적 소외를 보여주는 지각·실존 공간이다. 셋째, 2000-2010년대 한국영화에서 광화문(서촌)과 북촌·남촌·동촌은 국민의제와 저항운동, 욕망과 상실, 비참한 현실과 죽음을 통해 시민사회 에토스와 암울한 진혼곡을 보여주는 지각·실존 공간이다.

• 국토계획
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• 제53권7호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2018

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of commercial uses in the area where Gentrification occurs. In order to cope with such a diffusion phenomenon, it is necessary to derive the diffusion area accurately. Gentrification has a feature that occurs locally in a short time. Therefore, this study used the space-time pattern analysis to derive the diffusion area of commercial uses in Bukchon, a typical gentrified area in Seoul. Among the space-time pattern analysis, space time permutation statistics used in this study can derive the convergence phenomenon of time and space in a particular case with only the location information. The results confirmed that there has been three proliferation area in Bukchon, one started in 2007, other in 2013 and the other in 2014. In the earliest area, independent shops were the most popular, and the majority of them were restaurants. However in latter areas, there has been more chain stores and clothing stores than earlier area. The findings of this study indicate that space time pattern analysis can be used as a tool to analyze the proliferation by gentrification because it can derive accurate location and timing of the diffusion.

• Architectural research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the conflicts caused by the spatial expansion in two types of urban heritage in Seoul. To explain the national and professional orientation found in each spatial transformation, the study brought the concept of 'historic state' and 'epitome,' thereby examining the operating system of the conflicts. Field observations and stakeholder interviews were performed based on literature and historical research. The study results are as follows. ①In the case of Gwanghwamun and Donuimun, the spatial expansion is to find the historic state of the sites. Gwanghwamun with high national status and substance, conflicts show a pattern that spreads to memory conflicts. Donuimun is relatively unknown and has no substance so that a flexible method of digital restoration was applied. ② In the case of Ikseon-dong and Bukchon hanok, they show heterogeneous spatial expansion. The conflicts in relation to this is caused by the epitome of hanok. In Ikseon-dong, illegal installation of structures(non-epitome) is prevalent, while in Bukchon, there was a process of transferring the new basement(non-epitome) as part of the hanok. ③Conflicts in Gwanghwamun can be coordinated by referring to the digital restoration of Donuimun, and conflicts in Ikseon-dong can be resolved by taking Bukchon as a precedent.