• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2017

The design of reinforced concrete structures strongly depends on the value of the compression concrete strength used for the structural components. Given the uncertainties involved on the materials quality provided by concrete manufacturers, in the construction stage, these components may be either over or under-reinforced respect to the nominal condition. If the structure is under reinforced, and the deficit on safety level is not as large to require the structure demolition, someone should assume the consequences, and pay for the under standard condition by means of a penalty. If the structure is over reinforced, and other failure modes are not induced, the builder may receive a bonus, as a consequence of the higher, although unrequested, building resistance. The change on the building safety level is even more critical when the structure is under a seismic environment. In this research, a reliability-based criteria, including the consideration of expected losses, is proposed for bonification/penalization, when there are moderated differences between the supplied and specified reinforced concrete strength for the buildings. The formulation is applied to two hypothetical, with regular structural type, 3 and 10 levels reinforced concrete buildings, located on the soft soil zone of Mexico City. They were designed under the current Mexican code regulations, and their responses for typical spectral pseudoaccelerations, combined with their respective occurrence probabilities, are used to calculate the building failure probability. The results are aimed at providing objective basis to start a negotiation towards a satisfactory agreement between the involved parts. The main contribution resides on the explicit consideration of potential losses, including the building and contents losses and the business interruption due to the reconstruction period.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.501-514
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• 2011

Recently, there have been many cases in which the difficulty of repair and replacement of principal elements in the bearing wall structure for apartment buildings, which is a major part of apartment buildings in Korea, has led to the reconstruction of buildings rather than their remodeling. To address this problem, the Korea government now allows a floor area ratio of up to 20 %, and has relaxed the building height limits to encourage the use of a rahmen structure instead of a bearing wall structure. However, since reinforced concrete rahmen structures have many problems, including higher floor height and greater construction cost, a great deal of research into rahmen composite precast concrete structures have been conducted. Green Frame, one of the developed prototypes, is expected to provide economic benefits through in-situ production for precast concrete column and beam. For in-situ production of composite precast concrete members, a detailed plan for production, curing, and installation is needed. However, it needs to be confirmed that the space is sufficient to produce the precast concrete members on-site before planning those activities. Therefore, this study proposes in-situ production analysis of composite precast concrete members of Green Frame with the evaluation of structural safety and available area on the parking structure. The result of this study shows that the in-situ production of precast concrete members is possible through a case study.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

최근 국내외적으로 환경문제와 자원고갈에 대한 관심이 높아지는 가운데, 국내 건물부문의 온실가스 배출량은 매년 증가하는 추세이다. 또한 국내 노후화 공동주택이 지속적으로 발생하여 온실가스 증가에 주요원인이 되고 있다. 이는 정부의 2020년 건물부분의 이산화탄소 배출량 저감을 위해 노후화된 설비나 환경개선에 대한 고려가 필요함을 의미한다. 노후화된 공동주택의 개선방법은 크게 재건축과 리모델링 사업이 고려되는데, 온실가스 문제와 함께 친환경성 평가의 중요성이 대두되고, 사업수행시 사업결정의 주요 지표 중 하나로 자리잡고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 공동주택 주거환경 개선을 위한 두 가지 대안이라고 볼 수 있는 재건축과 리모델링의 친환경성을 비교분석해 보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 재건축과 리모델링사업의 특성을 파악하고, 친환경성 비교를 위해 단계별로 동일한 조건을 설정하여, 전생애주기 친환경성 평가와 그 의미를 해석해 보았다. 연구결과로 전생애주기의 LCA 평가를 하였을 때, 대안A(재건축)대비 대안B(리모델링1)의 $CO_2$발생량 차이는 95.85%로 약 4.1% 정도의 $CO_2$감소효과를 얻는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 대안C(리모델링2)의 경우 대안A(재건축) 대비 90.01%로 10%정도 $CO_2$절감 효과를 나타냈다. 또한 단위세대(85m2)를 기준으로 탄소배출권시세를 적용한 결과 대안C(리모델링2)가 대안A(재건축)에 비하여 40만원 정도 환경비용 절감효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공동주택의 주거환경 개선의 대안을 선택함에 있어서 중요한 근거가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2020

The palace byeoljeon(別殿), the King's non-ceremonial space, were created as a space for the king to comfortably use and for the king to do what he wanted to do. The byeoljeon housed various types of spaces and were flexible in that they could be repurposed to meet the demands of the times. Nevertheless, their characteristic as palatial building created for the King's convenience has remained unchanged. In this study, we examine the process by which such royal spaces were created by focusing on the reconstruction of the Changdeokgung Huijeongdang during Japanese occupation period, with a view to continuity and the transformation process. The reconstruction of Huijeongdang at the time may be considered along internal and external characteristics. Internally, Huijeongdang connected the symbolism of the king's space as the palace byeoljeon. Externally, Huijeongdang is characterized by its mixture of traditional and western style, where western style structures were housed within traditional buildings. The plans for the block of Huijeongdang also included the coexistence of traditional building, western style building, and mixture of traditional and western style building. This reflects the characteristic continuity of the byeoljeon as well as the architectural techniques of the time, manifested together within a specific spatial block.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2006

X선은 강한 투과성과 직진성으로 인하여 비파괴 검사법으로써 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고건축물과 같은 목조 건축물에 사용되고 있는 구조부재의 열화를 현장에서 탐지할 수 있는 비파괴 검사법을 개발할 목적으로 X선 CT시스템의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 먼저 이전 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 CT영상을 구성하는 체계를 확립하고, 얻어진 CT영상을 실제 부재의 단면 형태와 비교함으로써 개발된 시스템의 적용가능성을 확인하였다. 개발된 X선 CT시스템의 적용을 통해 결함의 형태와 크기, 위치뿐만 아니라 결함에서의 밀도 또한 비교적 정확하게 탐지할 수 있음이 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 건축물에서 사용되고 있는 목재 부재에 열화가 발생하였을 경우에, 열화 발생의 원인을 파악하고 그에 따른 효과적인 대처방안을 수립하는데 있어서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 그러나 현재의 시스템은 개발 초기단계로 측정에 따른 소요시간이나 측정회수, 측정 정밀도에 있어서 여러 제약을 받는다. 따라서 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.389-404
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• 2015

In this study, residential building damage states observed from a post-tornado damage survey in Joplin after a 2011 EF 5 tornado were used to reconstruct the near-surface wind field. It was based on well-studied relationships between Degrees of Damage (DOD) of building and wind speeds in the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale. A total of 4,166 one- or two-family residences (FR12) located in the study area were selected and their DODs were recorded. Then, the wind speeds were estimated with the EF scale. The peak wind speed profile estimated from damage of buildings was used to fit a translating analytical vortex model. Agreement between simulated peak wind speeds and observed damages confirms the feasibility of using post-tornado damage surveys for reconstructing the near-surface wind field. In addition to peak wind speeds, the model can create the time history of wind speed and direction at any given point, offering opportunity to better understand tornado parameters and wind field structures. Future work could extend the method to tornadoes of different characteristics and therefore improve model's generalizability.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.548-551
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• 2007

Among components of digital topographic maps used officially in Korea, only contours have 3D values except buildings and trees that are demanded in landscape planning. This study presented a series of processes for 3Dreconstructing landscape features such as terrain, buildings and standing trees using LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data and aerial digital photo graphs. The 3D reconstructing processes contain 1) building terrain model, 2) delineating outline of landscape features, 3) extracting height values, and 4) shaping and coloring landscape features using aerial photograph and 3-D virtual data base. LiDAR data and aerial photograph was taken in November 2006 for $50km^{2}$ area in Sorak National Park located in eastern part of Korea. The average scanning density of LiDAR pulse was 1.32 points per square meter, and the aerial photograph with RGB bands has $0.35m{\times}0.35m$ spatial resolution. Using reconstructed 3D landscape features, visibility with the growing trees with time and at different viewpoints was analyzed. Visible area from viewpoint could be effectively estimated considering 3D information of landscape features. This process could be applied for landscape planning like building scale with the consideration of surrounding landscape features.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.177-178
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• 2018

Unlike the projects that the government has implemented recently to develop new cities under the New Deal project, Saeddeul Village projects to improve the environment of the city are gaining attention. The problem has been found to be that many of the buildings in Saeddeul Village are still not earthquake-proof by using drones to review the state of the town. It also revealed that after two years of earthquakes, Pilotis structures are the most vulnerable to earthquakes. However, it is suitable for small spaces in the city because it provides parking spaces as well as residential spaces. Accordingly, the focus should be on repair and reinforcement rather than reconstruction. In this study, a concrete-based seismic design and construction method is developed in the columns of the existing pylotis structure.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

In Korea, Housing Performance Rating Indication System was first adopted in 2006. Main purpose of the System is on developing criteria which can systematically measure the level of housing performance. Among the five categories of Housing Performance Rating Indication System, Repair Convenience is closely related to Remodeling which has been widely recognized as an alternative to the building reconstruction. Especially, as the actual housing supply level in Korea is reaching almost 100%, it is crucial to expand Long-life Housing through the effective maintenance and management. In addition, consumers should have an access to the performance ratings of apartment buildings on which they can rely on in choosing their own housings. And for construction companies, a performance code enacted by government will provide them with a standard that they can utilize in determining performance level of buildings that they build. This study examines data which has been obtained from the recent application of Housing Performance Rating Indication System and Repair Convenience category is main concern. Findings from the study will provide vital information in improving current Housing Performance Rating Indication System.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

Housing Performance Rating Indication System was started in 2006. The aim of Housing Performance Rating Indication is to provide the guideline of housing performance. Repair Convenience is similar to Remodeling. Remodeling has been paid more attention as an alternative for reconstruction. Especially, now the actual house supply is facing almost 100%, it is time to keep and maintenance management of apartment buildings, and ultimately it will expand the Long life housing. Especially consumers has to have a right to select apartment buildings by comparing performance of house. For construction companies, they need a performance code that standardized by government, so they can provide a Certain performing house. This study examines data which has been obtained from the recent application of Housing Performance Rating Indication System and Repair Convenience category is main concern. Findings from the study will provide vital information in improving current Housing Performance Rating Indication System.