• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2016

A Ubiquitous City (U-city, Smart City) is one that ties information communications technologies (ICT) into many facets of city construction, thereby implicitly intending to function as a smart city that aims to be efficiently managed as well as provide an enhanced standard of living for its residents. Laws related to the construction of such ubiquitous cities point to integrated city management centers, intelligent facilities, and U-City infrastructure, among others, as central components of U-Cities, but do not provide a standard for these structures. Consequently, building of U-Cities by local governments are based on arbitrary judgments constrained the myriad of practical limitations that they face. Such ambiguity brings to light the need to find ways to improve the quality of these efforts. The first and second stages of this research examine the status of the components of a U-City -ubiquitous planning, technology, infrastructure, and services - and undertakes a comprehensive review thereof, with evaluation criteria formulated on the characteristics of stability, connectivity, goal-orientation, and development potential. In the research's third stage, a realistic and detailed evaluation index by which U-Cities can be renewed, demonstrated, and applied (???) is introduced in a step-by-step fashion, which will allow for local governments to properly assess the standard of their U-City in relation to the realities of the locality. Through the research result, it is expected that the index will become a part of the continued development and advancement of the "smart" character of an autonomous U-City at the local scale, and contribute to the overall revitalization of the U-City.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2015

Recently, the government aims to discover and provide services to citizens on the development strategy for activating the U-City. So, this study aims to offer a service discovery direction by analyzing the service issues and trends. The target is newspaper article about U-City Service from 2009 to 2014. Prepared 723 newspaper article for analysis. Next step is frequency analysis of keyword and used that result for Network analysis and measure of information. Network analysis can show result through "Degree Centrality", "Betweenness Centrality" and "Closeness Centrality". As a result, "Information", "IT", "Environment", "Technology", "Center" is higher than another. These 5 keywords are important factors for driving the U-City the past six years. Information measurement results, Already U-City were put an emphasis on building the infrastructure and able to identify a trend that provided the center of the public service. Those Service field are "Tour(2009)", "Crime prevention and Disaster Prevention(2010)", "Facility Management(2011)", "administration(2012)" and "Facility Management(2013, 2014)". Result of this study found implications what on citizen participation. So, services field on the existing infrastructure should be discovered and provided. Finally, this study can expected to be a reference in the local government planning for U-City.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

In fluvial and riparian ecosystems, biogeomorphological research has considered the complex, multi-way relationships between biological and hydro-geomorphological components over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In this review, we discussed the scope and processes of fluvial biogeomorphology by explaining (1) the multi-lateral interactions between organisms and hydrogeomorphic conditions, (2) the relationships between biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity, and (3) the effects of disturbance on ecosystem patterns. Over time, an organism-landform complex along streams transitions in the sequences of geomorphic, pioneer, biogeomorphic, and ecological stages. Over space, water flow and sediment distributions interact with vegetation to modify channel topography. It is the habitat heterogeneity in streams that enhances riparian biodiversity. However, in the areas downstream of a dam, habitat types and conditions are substantially damaged and biodiversity should be reduced. In South Korea, riparian vegetation flourishes in general and, in particular, invasive species actively colonize in accordance with the changes in the fluvial conditions driven by local disturbances and global climate change. Therefore, the importance of understanding reciprocal relationships between living organisms and hydrogeomorphic conditions will ever increase in this era of rapid climate change and anthropogenic pressure. The fluvial biogeomorphic framework reviewed in this article will contribute to the ecological management and restoration of streams in Korea.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

Automobile-oriented urban transport system, continued from the past in Korea, is giving rise to inefficiency and social costs in transport sector. With revitalizing usage of bicycle, human-powered transport mode, it is possible to enhance sustainable green growth, improvement of the city-competitiveness, and the quality of life. In this study, the possibility of bicycle usage promotion in Korean cities is examined at 7 points of views. As a result, though the bicycle usage is low now, we figured that there are many positive signs to increase bicycle usage in Korea. Also, we draw a diverse key policies for building green urban transport system that bicycle have a most important role on transport system. So policies to promote bicycle usage are reviewed to analyze on bicycle-oriented 5 cities, in which have high bicycle mode share. By this review, this study could draw 41 key effective policies to 3 aspects (bicycle infrastructure, safety and promotion, and policy sustainability). In addition to, importance of 21 key effective policies about bicycle infrastructure is suggested as considering city's characteristics.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2020

This hydraulic study analyzed the scour effect at fixed downstream weirs based on the changes in the upstream bed slope. The study was performed using six different bed slopes, that is, 0%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 7%, and 10% at 0.117 ㎥/s in all cases. The scour depth, scour length, and scour volume were measured using a broadband laser scanner to quantitatively analyze the scour at the downstream weir. This study also examined the adequacy of the designed apron length by comparatively analyzing the results of the scour experiments and the apron length calculated using conventional design standard formulas. The analysis of the local scour effect at the downstream weir showed that scour length and scour depth increased as the bed slope became steeper. A comparison between the results of the scour experiment and that of the conventional design formulas showed that both formulas of the National Construction Research Institute and the Bligh were distributed within the allowable values when there was no upstream bed slope. However, as the bed slope upstream of the weir gradually increased, the scour lengths of the apron deviated slightly from the values obtained from the conventional design formulas.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.250-257
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• 2019

Recently, 357 water-friendly space were established near the main streams of the country through the Four Major Rivers Project, which was used as a resting and leisure space for the citizens, and the river environment and ecological health were improved. We are working hard to reduce the number of points and plan and manage the water-friendly space. In particular, attempts are being made to utilize mobile big data to make more scientific and systematic research on the number of users. However, when using mobile big data compared to the existing method of conducting field surveys, it is possible to easily identify spatial user movement patterns, but it is different from the actual amount of use, so various verifications are required to solve this problem. Therefore, this study evaluated the accuracy of estimating the number of users using mobile big data by comparing the number of visitors using mobile big data and the number of visitors using drone for Samrak ecological park located in the mouth of Nakdong River. As a result, in the river hydrophilic district, it was difficult to accurately estimating the usage pattern of each facility due to the low precision of pCELL, and it was confirmed that the usage patterns in the park could be distorted due to the signals stopped at roads and parking lots. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the number of pCELLs in the water-friendly space and to estimate the number of visitors excluding facilities such as roads and parking lots in future mobile big data processing.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

Several countries have built National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) for information sharing among various fields. One of the important factors of NSDI is framework data, which is the most commonly used geospatial data across various fields. Previous studies on the framework data suggest components based on frequency survey and case study. However, such research methods do not have objectivity in setting the components of the framework data. This research uses factor analysis with 104 medium-level layers from the most widely used National Base Map and 5 layers from the other sources including cadastre and aerial image. Each layer is scaled with usage level as four different patterns of 1) background data, 2) reference data, 3) base data, and 4) other data, respectively. The analysis results show that the layers are grouped into 5 to 7 factors according to the patterns. ANOVA reveals that the mean differences between the factors with high values and the other factors with low values under each pattern are statistically significant. Such high value factors under each pattern consist of similar layers, close to identical, with those under the other categories. This research proposes framework data system, including transportation, building, hydrography, elevation, administrative district, digital orthoimagery, geodetic control, and cadastral based on the analysis results. Proposed framework in this research will be a basis of establishing spatial data sharing system. For sharing proposed framework data in various fields, these data must be established and distributed as actual standard and also related future researches should be performed.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.97-105
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• 2020

Recently, for a smart city, there is a demand for a technology for acquiring traffic information using an intelligent road infrastructure and managing it. In the meantime, various technologies such as loop detectors, ultrasonic detectors, and image detectors have been used to analyze road traffic information but these have difficulty in collecting various informations, such as traffic density and length of a queue required for building a traffic information DB for moving vehicles. Therefore, in this paper, assuming a smart city built on the basis of a camera infrastructure such as intelligent CCTV on the road, a solution for calculating the traffic DB of moving vehicles using Vision Tracking of road CCTV cameras is presented. Simulation and verification of basic performance were conducted and solution can be usefully utilized in related fields as a new intelligent traffic DB calculation solution that reflects the environment of road-mounted CCTV cameras and moving vehicles in a variable smart city road environment. It is expected to be there.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

This paper aims to evaluate the new regional development policy which is entirely focused on the lagging rural regions in Korea. The new regional development, called the shin-hwal-ryuk policy is to reflect the radical change in the idea and philosophy of rural development. Although traditional rural development policies were top-down-based and physical infrastructure-centered, the new rural development policy idea is based on bottom-up and soft infrastructure which is related to the promotion of regional innovation capacities. However, it is revealed that the new rural policy involves a variety of problems in the process of establishing and making progress the policy plan in a local level. In the operating process of the policy plan, the central government has shown too quick-tempered for achieving visible outcomes, while many of local government suffer from the lacks of professional capabilities to carry out the plan. I see that as a result of the mixture of these problems the new policy is regarded as 'passively localized process' by the central government rather than 'actively localizing process' by the region for building regional innovation capacity.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2015

Various adverse effects can occur due to direct exposure from toxic substances when toxic materials are used to restore river ecosystems. Thus, this study performed analysis on the development of toxicity in terms of survival and abnormality rates using embryos of Bombina orientalis living in Korea to analyze the toxicity of materials used in the river projects. The results showed that the toxicity in cement (C group) was the strongest whereas the toxicity in plant-based polyurethane (P1 group) was the weakest. Survival rates of B. orientalis embryos were 100%, 94 - 95%, 66 - 89% and 0% in control, P1, polyurethane (P2) and C groups, respectively. Abnormalities of embryos were 10.5%, 5.3 - 10.5%, 26.3 - 27.8% and 35.7% in control, P1, P2 and C groups, respectively. Furthermore, we verified that having a sufficient curing time reduced toxic substances that were extracted. The above result suggest that cement and polyurethane hamper the early development of amphibians. In conclusion, it is highly important to review biological safety with respect to the selection of materials used to restore rivers. This study shows the importance of the selection of eco-friendly materials and processes.