• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.737-740
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• 1992

This study was conducted to demonstrate the practical use of the buffer index curve as a criterion of silage quality evaluation, Forty five samples of the ensiled Italian ryegrass were collected from farms in Okayama, Japan. Silages were devided into 4 groups by the pattern of buffer index curve. Heavy wilting silages (A group) showed no peak on buffer index curve and Flieg's score of 95.6. However, moderate or weak wilting silages (B group) with moisture content of 63.3 showed a peak at pH 4.0 and a Flieg's score of 67.8. Both of A and B groups were regarded as a good quality silage. Silages (C group) with a peak at pH 4.5 were of a medium quality with Flieg's score of 45.3. Poorly preserved silages (D group) with Flieg's score of 12.0 had a peak at pH 5.0. There was a high positive correlationship (p<0.01) between the peak value of buffer index curve and the organic acid content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using the buffer index curve as a criterion of silage quality evaluation. The buffer index (or buffer capacity, $\beta$) value is the amount of 0.1N NaOH consumed in titrating from the beginning to the end of the chosen pH step. This value equals the slope of the titration curve at the chosen pH range (${\beta}={\Delta}NaOH/{\Delta}pH$). There were two patterns of buffer index curve. Poorly preserved silages had a peak at pH 5.0, whereas with well preserved silages the peaks tended to rise to the pH 3.75 or 4.00. Well preserved, wilted silages with high pH also appeared to have peak values at pH 3.75 or 4.00. There was a high positive correlationship between the concentration of lactic acid and peak value of good quality silage (r = 0.994, p < 0.01). Also a high positive correlationship (r = 0.899, p < 0.001) was found between the sums of concentration of acetic and butyric acids and the peak values of poor quality silages. The results of these experiments verified the value of the buffer index method as a criterion of silage quality evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2010

We present an efficient algorithm for computing the Hausdorff distance between two planar curves. The algorithm is based on an efficient trimming technique that eliminates the curve domains that make no contribution to the final Hausdorff distance. The input curves are first approximated with biarcs within a given error bound in a pre-processing step. Using the biarc approximation, the distance map of an input curve is then approximated and stored into the graphics hardware depth-buffer by rendering the distance maps (represented as circular cones) of the biarcs. We repeat the same procedure for the other input curve. By sampling points on each input curve and reading the distance from the other curve (stored in the hardware depth-buffer), we can easily estimate a lower bound of the Hausdorff distance. Based on the lower bound, the algorithm eliminates redundant curve segments where the exact Hausdorff distance can never be obtained. Finally, we employ a multivariate equation solver to compute the Hausdorff distance efficiently using the remaining curve segments only.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.672-676
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• 1999

Adsorption isotherm is the most fundamental information in adsorption separation-process. Directly from the elution profile of a peak, the elution-curve method and frontal analysis(FA) were utilized to measure the adsorption isotherm in this work. Using RP-HPLC, sample and the buffer added in mobile phase were 5'-GMP and sodium phosphate, respectively. In this experimental condition, the retention time was decreased with increase in the injected mass of sample. And the front part of a peak was very stiff, so Langmuir adsorption isotherm might be applied. By the elution-curve method, the parameters used in the isotherm were obtained by optimization method, while by the FA, the concentrations of stationary phase were measured from the elution curve and the isotherm was determined by regression analysis. Compared to FA, the consumption of sample was less, and only one or two injections were needed by the elution-curve method. Finally, the effect of concentration of sodium phosphate in mobile phase on the parameters of the isotherm was investigated.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.405-415
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• 2000

To determine application rate of elemental sulfur to adjust pH of alkaline soil, buffer curve method was investigated. The elemental sulfur required to control pH 8.3 to pH 6.3 by buffer curve calculation was treated in two soils of silty loam and sandy loam, and the sulfur-mixed soils were moistened with 50% of water holding capacity during incubation of 6 weeks at $30^{\circ}C$. Soil pH was lowered with incubation and reached to target point after 4 weeks of incubation, and elemental sulfur was oxidised entirely to sulfate. This means that buffer curve has the accuracy to determine sulfur application rate in alkaline soil. However it is estimated that application rate of sulfur should be carefully determined in the field scale. Excess application of elemental sulfur resulted in extremely low soil pH and caused the hinderance of lettuce growth by nutritional imbalance and ion toxicity. To simplify the determination procedure of sulfur requirement, buffer curve method by addition of 0.1N-HCl solution as unit of mL was developed, it was compared with theroutine methods which diluted $H_2SO_4$ solution and $Ca(OH)_2$ are added as cmolc per kg soil to adjust each pH step. Buffer capacities, cmolc kg $soil^{-1}$ $pH^{-1}$, calculated from two buffer curves were not significantly different. The result indicates that buffer curve method by 0.1N-HCl can be used to adjust high pH of alkaline soil.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

To find the latent effect of paper mill sludges (PMS) with and without alum, and alum paper mill sludge compost(PMSC) on aluminum toxicity of crops, the pH buffer capacity and the acidification resistance index (ARI) for PMSs and PMSC were investigated, comparing to upland soil. Buffer capacities of PMS with and without alum, and PMSC were significantly higher than $2.5cmol^+kg^{-1}$ of check soil as 137, 250, and $147cmol^+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Owing to such high buffer capacity of PMS and PMSC, they showed to be well-resisted to acidification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.224-227
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• 2001

ZnO buffer layers were used to grow ZnO films on c-plane sapphire substrates. The role of ZnO buffer layers in the growth of ZnO thin films on sapphire substrates was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Photolumminescence(PL) measurements. At the optimized ZnO buffer layer thickness of 100 $\AA$, FWHM of $\theta$ -rocking curve of ZnO thin films was minimized to 0.73 degrees and room temperature PL spectra showed that deep level emission was not hardly seen. The optimization of the ZnO buffer layer thickness resulted in improvements of the surface morphology and crystalline quality of ZnO thin films.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.117-123
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• 1968

A simplest and best method to find out lime requirement for Korean soils is described. Twenty six top soil samples were collected from various localities and chemical characteristics were dertermined. Three different buffer curve methods were employed as the standard to find out the most reliable test for lime requirement. In addition, the lime requirement test by the Shoemaker's and Woodruff's as well as the O.R.D. kit method were compared with the most reliable buffer curve method. The results may be summarized as follows. 1. The regression equation of the most reliable lime requirement by buffer curve method, y, on percent base saturation of various soils, X, was y=9.69-0.106 X and the negative correlation coefficient r=-0.84 was statistically significant at 5% level. 2. Lime requirement test by the best, buffer curve, method was more well correlated with the sum of exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum contents of the soil samples than the exchangeable hydrogen content only. 3. The ordinary buffer curve method for lime requirement is more reasonable than the lime requirement test by the buffer curve prepared after addition of 1 normal potassium chloride or calcium chloride solutions. 4. The lime requirement tests by the most reasonable buffer curve method, X, and by the Woodruff's, the Shoemaker's and O.R.D. kit were compared. The best method for laboratory lime requirement test was the Shoemaker's method and the O.R.D. kit method also was good enough for the field test and these two method are recommended as the unified method of lime requirement test in each soil testing laboratories throughout Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.360-363
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigated SiNx film as a buffer layer of TFT-FRAM. Buffer layers were prepared by two step process of a $N_2$ plasma treatment and subsequent $SiN_x$ deposition. By employing $N_2$ plasma treatment, interface traps such as mobile charges and injected charges were removed, hysteresis of current-voltage curve disappeared. After $N_2$ plasma treatment, a leakage current was decreased about 2 orders. From these results, it is possible to perform the plasma treating process to make a good quality buffer layer of MFIS-FET or capacitor as an application of non-volatile memory.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.33-39
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• 2020

A geological repository has been considered as an option for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). The HLW is disposed in a host rock at a depth of 500~1,000 meters below the ground surface based on the concept of engineered barrier system (EBS). The EBS is composed of a disposal canister, buffer material, backfill material, and gap-filling material. The compacted bentonite buffer is very important since it can restrain the release of radionuclide and protect the canister from the inflow of ground water. The saturation of the buffer decreases because high temperature in a disposal canister is released into the surrounding buffer material, but saturation of the buffer increases because of the inflow of ground water. The unsaturated properties of the buffer are critical input parameters for the entire safety assessment of the engineered barrier system. In Korea, Gyeongju bentonite can be considered as a candidate buffer material, but there are few test results of the unsaturated properties considering temperature variation. Therefore, this paper conducted experiment of soil-water characteristic curve for the Gyeongju compacted bentonite considering temperature variation under a constant water content condition. The relative error showed approximately 2% between test results and modified van-Genuchten model values.