• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.62-68
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• 2007

A conceptual thermal design is performed for the optical payload system of a geostationary satellite. The optical payload considered in this paper is GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) of COMS of Korea. The radiative thermal control system is employed in order to expect a small thermal gradient in the telescope structure of GOCl. Two design margins are applied to the dedicated radiator dimensioning, and three kinds of configuration to the heater power sizing. A Monte-Carlo ray tracing method and a network analysis method are utilized to calculate radiative couplings and thermal responses respectively. At the level of conceptual design, sizing thresholds are presented for the radiator and heater on the purpose of determining the mass and power budget of the spacecraft.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.345-351
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• 2020

Eutrophication of surface waters is commonly caused by excessive inputs of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Nakdong River basin was chosen as the study area to investigate the effect of point and non-point source pollution of nitrogen on eutrophication in water body. Non-point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for approximately 84% in the total nitrogen input of the upper Nakdong river watershed, which mainly consists of agricultural land and forests. However, point source inputs of nitrogen accounted for 58~85% in the total nitrogen input of the middle and lower watersheds, including urban area. Therefore, for watershed near urban area, control of point source inputs of nitrogen may be an optimal method to control eutrophication. In this respect, the enforcing reduction of nitrogen in the final effluent of wastewater treatment facilities is needed. On the other hand, to enact more stringent nitrogen regulations, the LOT (limit of technology) and environmental impact should be considered. In this study nitrogen data were analyzed to propose new nitrogen regulations.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1018-1025
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• 2015

This paper proposes a methodological scheme for the photovoltaic (PV) simulator design. With the advantages of a digital controller system, linear interpolation is proposed for precise fitting with higher computational efficiency. A novel control strategy that directly tackles two different duty cycles is proposed and implemented to achieve a full-range operation including short circuit (SC) and open circuit (OC) conditions. Systematic design procedures for both hardware and algorithm are explained, and a prototype is built. Experimental results confirm an accurate steady state performance under different load conditions, including SC and OC. This low power apparatus can be adopted for PV education and research with a limited budget.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-156
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• 2013

Researchers in welfare services of local government in Korea have rather been on isolated issues as disables, childcare, aging phenomenon, etc. (Kang, 2004; Jung et al., 2009). Lately, local officials, yet, realize that they need more comprehensive welfare services for all residents, not just for above-mentioned focused groups. Still cases dealt with focused group approach have been a main research stream due to various reason(Jung et al., 2009; Lee, 2009; Jang, 2011). Social Security Information System is an information system that comprehensively manages 292 welfare benefits provided by 17 ministries and 40 thousand welfare services provided by 230 local authorities in Korea. The purpose of the system is to improve efficiency of social welfare delivery process. The study of local government expenditure has been on the rise over the last few decades after the restarting the local autonomy, but these studies have limitations on data collection. Measurement of a local government's welfare efforts(spending) has been primarily on expenditures or budget for an individual, set aside for welfare. This practice of using monetary value for an individual as a "proxy value" for welfare effort(spending) is based on the assumption that expenditure is directly linked to welfare efforts(Lee et al., 2007). This expenditure/budget approach commonly uses total welfare amount or percentage figure as dependent variables (Wildavsky, 1985; Lee et al., 2007; Kang, 2000). However, current practice of using actual amount being used or percentage figure as a dependent variable may have some limitation; since budget or expenditure is greatly influenced by the total budget of a local government, relying on such monetary value may create inflate or deflate the true "welfare effort" (Jang, 2012). In addition, government budget usually contain a large amount of administrative cost, i.e., salary, for local officials, which is highly unrelated to the actual welfare expenditure (Jang, 2011). This paper used local government welfare service data from the detailed data sets linked to the Social Security Information System. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that affect social welfare spending of 230 local authorities in 2012. The paper applied multiple regression based model to analyze the pooled financial data from the system. Based on the regression analysis, the following factors affecting self-funded welfare spending were identified. In our research model, we use the welfare budget/total budget(%) of a local government as a true measurement for a local government's welfare effort(spending). Doing so, we exclude central government subsidies or support being used for local welfare service. It is because central government welfare support does not truly reflect the welfare efforts(spending) of a local. The dependent variable of this paper is the volume of the welfare spending and the independent variables of the model are comprised of three categories, in terms of socio-demographic perspectives, the local economy and the financial capacity of local government. This paper categorized local authorities into 3 groups, districts, and cities and suburb areas. The model used a dummy variable as the control variable (local political factor). This paper demonstrated that the volume of the welfare spending for the welfare services is commonly influenced by the ratio of welfare budget to total local budget, the population of infants, self-reliance ratio and the level of unemployment factor. Interestingly, the influential factors are different by the size of local government. Analysis of determinants of local government self-welfare spending, we found a significant effect of local Gov. Finance characteristic in degree of the local government's financial independence, financial independence rate, rate of social welfare budget, and regional economic in opening-to-application ratio, and sociology of population in rate of infants. The result means that local authorities should have differentiated welfare strategies according to their conditions and circumstances. There is a meaning that this paper has successfully proven the significant factors influencing welfare spending of local government in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.149-159
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• 2008

A survey was performed to analyse the current animal disease control system by questionnaires. A questionnaire was administered to the livestock-related experts(n = 116) residing in Gyeong-In region and the livestock farmers(n = 108) residing in Incheon from June to July in 2007. The data was analyzed statistically by SPSS 12.0 version. First, the offices related to the animal disease control were dispersed and their cooperation was not effective. Second, the scale of local disease centers was weaker than that of central one in both man-power(eg. veterinarians), budget and so on, and was not enough to control the outbreak of the main animal diseases. Third, there were also insufficient incentives for livestock farmers to report notifiable animal disease. Finally, there was limitation in bury area and incineration facilities. To develop domestic animal industry, control of the disease and rearing of the environmentally friendly livestock farm are the main directions in Gyeong-In region, Production of high quality and safe livestock products is the most important factor to expand the livestock industry. Conclusively, local animal disease center with comparison to central one should be expanded to control the disease and develop the livestock industry in Incheon metropolitan city.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.255-264
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• 2020

This research empirical explores impacts of performance information use of decision makers in distributing financial resources. Based on theoretical review and previous researches, we organized three scenarios of general public administration, economic policy, and environmental policy and investigated the difference in budget distribution between measured information and simple information of success or failure by randomly divided experimental and control groups who are not experienced bureaucratic processed. The results indicate that experimental group judge by using performance information with numeric indicators and has more diversified patterns than control group. We suggest that repeated experiments including bureaucratic members to reduce bias of expertness and generalize the decision making models using performance information in future researches.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.1125-1139
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• 2006

In 1991, the Ministry of Health & Social affairs adopted a nationwide service program for neonatal screening of phenylketonuria, galactosemia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, histidinemia & congenital hypothyroidism for newborns delivered from low class pregnant women registered in health centers. Government decreased the test items from six to two, PKU & congenital hypothyroidism to increase test numbers with same budget from 1995. Government decided to test PKU & hypothyroidism for all newborns from 1997. 78 laboratories wanted to participate for neonatal screening test in 1999. Government didn't decide laboratory center for a certain district and placed responsibility on free competition. Government are planning to test 573,000 newborns from 1998, Government decided to screen 6 items PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disese, homocystinuria, galactosemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 2006. 17 laboratores are participating now. The cost of screening test is supported by both the federal government and local government on a 40-60 basis. In case a patient with an inherited metabolic disease is diagnosed by screening of government program, special milk is provided at government's expense. Interlaboratory quality control was started 6 times a year from 1994. According to the government project, 3,707,773 newborns were screened. 86 PKU, 718 congenital hypothyroidism were detected. So incidence of PKU is 1/43,114 and congenital hypothyroidism is 1/4,612. Maeil dairy company produced new special formula for PKU, MMA and PA, MSUD, urea cycle disorder, homocystinuria, isovaleric acidemia from Oct. 1999. The cost benefit of performing screening procedures coupled with treatment has been estimated to be as high as 1.77 times in PKU, 11.11 times in congenital hypothyroidism than cost without screening. We are trying to increase the budget to test all newborns for Tandem mass sereening & Wilson disease from 2008. Now it is a very important problem to decrease laboratory numbers of neonatal screening in Korea. So we are considering 4-5 central laboratories which cover all newborns and are equipped with tandem mass spectrometer & enzyme immunoassay for TSH, 17OHP & enzyme colorimetric assay for galactose.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

Many inborn errors of metabolism can be completely cured with early detection and early treatment. This is why neonatal screening on inborn errors of metabolism is implemented worldwide. In 1991, the Ministry of Health & Social affairs adopted a nationwide service program for neonatal screening of phenylketonuria, galactosemia, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, histidinemia and congenital hypothyroidism for newborns delivered from low class pregnant women registered in health centers. Government decreased the test items from six to two, PKU and congenital hypothyroidism to increase test numbers with same budget from 1995. 78 laboratories wanted to participate for neonatal screening test in 1999. Government decided to screen six items of PKU, congenital hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria, galactosemia and congenital adrenal hyperplasia from 2006. In 2014, thirteen laboratories are participating. Inter laboratory quality control was started 6 times a year from 1994. In case a patient with an inherited metabolic disease is diagnosed by screening of government program, special milk is provided at government's expense. According to the government project, from 1997 to 2013, 7,080,569 newborns were screened. 144 PKU, 2.451 congenital hypothyroidism were detected. So incidence of PKU is 1/49,170 and congenital hypothyroidism is 1/2,888. The cost benefit of performing screening procedures coupled with treatment has been estimated to be as high as 1.77 times in PKU, 11.11 times in congenital hypothyroidism than cost without screening. By January 2007, many European countries had expanded of their newborn screening programs by inclusion of Tandem mass spectrometry. We are trying to increase the budget to test all newborns for Tandem mass spectrometry from 2016. We are considering four to five central laboratories which cover all newborns and are equipped with tandem mass spectrometer & enzyme immunoassay for TSH, 17OHP & enzyme colorimetric assay for galactose. And I hope to expand test including Wilson disease screening test and lysosomal storage diseases.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1193-1200
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• 2010

This paper presents a new adaptive macroblock quantization algorithm which generates the output bits corresponding to the target bit budget. The H.264 standard uses various coding modes and optimization methods to improve the compression performance, which makes it difficult to control the amount of the generated traffic accurately. In the proposed scheme, linear regression analysis is used to analyze the relationship between the bit rate of each macroblock and the quantization parameter and to predict the MAD values. Using the predicted values, the quantization parameter of each macroblock is determined by the Lagrange multiplier method and then modified according to the difference between the bit budget and the generated bits. It is shown by experimental results that the new algorithm can generate output bits accurately corresponding to the target bit rates.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.36-40
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• 2016

TETRA communication system is very versatile system which can transmit voice + data and packet data optimized. Direct mode operation permits to connect between mobiles when mobile stain is out of coverage of networks. It can be more secure communication channel for railway signaling systems. Railway signaling systems use many of wayside signal equipment, which require many maintenance efforts and budget. Many railway authorities want to reduce and replace the wayside equipment. Radio based signaling systems are one of candidate for replacing the conventional signaling systems. The radio based signaling systems can replace track circuit and wayside signal. The radio systems permit to connect between control centers and trains. The radio systems have to ensure high quality of the connectivity more or equal to the existed track circuits. We studied the application of TETRA systems for railway radio systems for bridging between train control centers and trains. We provide an operation scenario for radio based train control system to ensure the safety require to the existed trains control system and satisfied the existed operational availability. We showed the data transmission speed, maximum bit error rate, and data coding for the radio-based signal system using TETRA systems.