• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.133.2-133
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• 2003

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• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.485-496
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• 2016

We describe 2 echinostome species recovered from an Eastern cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis coromandus, from Cheongju-si (city), Chungcheongbuk-do (province), Korea. Total 72 Pegosomum bubulcum specimens were recovered from the bile duct. They were $7,566{\times}2,938{\mu}m$ in average size and had 27 collar spines with vitelline extension from anterior 1/3 level of the esophagus to mid-level of the posterior testis as characteristic features. Total 9 specimens of Nephrostomum ramosum were recovered in the small intestines of the bird. They were ribbon-shaped, $11,378{\times}2,124{\mu}m$ in average size, and morphologically variable in some organs, i.e., the number of collar spines (47-50), the shape of ovary and testes, and the extension of vitelline follicles. These morphological variations observed in a single host indicated that these features are not critical for the classification of Nephrostomum species and thus were reconsidered taxonomically as synonym of N. ramosum. This study is the first report documenting and describing both flukes and their associated genera in Korea.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2021

An aquariid nematode, Desportesius invaginatus, was found in the proventriculus of an Egretta garzetta and a Bubulcus ibis from Chuncheon in the Republic of Korea. The worms were identified by light and scanning electron microscopy based on important taxonomic characteristics (body length, esophagus length, cordons, spicules, caudal alae of males, position of the vulva) and then phylogenetically analyzed using the 18S rRNA encoding gene. The nematodes were characterized by a body length of 7.0-8.0 mm in males and 10.2-13.1 mm in females, and two pairs of cordons recurrent in the anterior direction, and cordons were anastomosed by a longitudinal cuticular ridge that externally delimits a longitudinal canal. The widest cuticular plates of cordons bears over 20 posterior spines. The length of the spicules in males was also significantly different. The right spicule measured 742-821 (794) ㎛ in length and 40-45 (42) ㎛ in width, and the left spicule measured 493-556 (541) ㎛ in length and 11-13 (12) ㎛ in width. The caudal alae of males are inflated and vesicular in appearance. The vulva was situated at 56-71 (58.3) ㎛ from the posterior extremity. Although the 18S rRNA sequences of worms were similar to the Synhimantus species, some genetic divergences were observed in comparison. In this study, the worms were recognized with genus Desportesius because genus Desportesius was considered a subgenus of Synhimantus. This is the first record of D. invaginatus in the Republic of Korea.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

This study aims to provide the basic habitat data for the alternative breeding sites of Family Ardeidae including Ardea cinerea, Egretta alba modesta, Egretta intermedia, Egretta garzetta, Bubulcus ibis and Nycticorax nyciticorax. Species numbers, flight directions for detecting foraging grounds and current vegetation structure were investigated nesting at Gunsan urban forest area. Data were collected over a period of 10 weeks, from 15 June - 31 August 2014. The total nest and population of Family Ardeida were 684 and 1,712 respectively. Percentage of birds observed flying in 8 major compass directions were as follows. 57.27% of all birds were observed flying northwest, 22.09% were observed flying south and 13.40% were flying north. For possible foraging areas, to the northwest, there are Geumgang river tidal flats, and to the south, paddy fields and streams within 2km. Flying directions by species (${\chi}^2=287.18$, P<.001, Cramer's V=0.12) and by seasons(${\chi}^2=839.94$, P<.001, Cramer's V=0.19) showed significant difference statistically. In relation between species and directions, 60.31% and 24.05% of Bubulcus ibis and 59.40% and 23.00% of Ardea cinerea were observed flying northwest and south respectively. Vegetation in the sites consist of an overstory of 3 to 7 species. At site 1, Pinus thunbergii was the dominant species and site 2, Chamaecyparis obtusa. Understory vegetation is composed of shrubs, saplings and small trees of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Quercus acutissima, Smilax china and Platycarya strobilacea. Egrets and herons usually nested at the dense population and canopy overlayed forest, and especially branches and leaves of smallwood with less than 10cm of breast height diameter were relatively severely damaged due to the nesting and excreta.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the feeding efficiency of the cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and the intermediate egret (Ardea intermedia) in relation to the stage of rice culture during two breeding seasons, 2006 and 2007, in Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea. Cattle egrets caught mainly small invertebrate prey (insects and spiders, 98.4%) during all stages of rice cultivation, and had a higher prey capture rate in the plowing stage (14.98 prey/min) than in other stages (2.82-3.51 prey/min). Therefore, the biomass intake rate of cattle egrets was highest in the plowing stage. The intermediate egret captured both loaches (43.4%) and small invertebrates (50.6%). The prey capture rates of intermediate egrets increased gradually from the flooding stage (0.38 prey/min) to the planting stage (1.09 prey/min), and decreased in the growing stage (1.04 prey/min). However, intermediate egrets had the highest biomass intake rates in the plowing stage because more loaches were caught in the plowing stage (0.54 loaches/min) than other stages (0.23-0.36 loaches/min). Consequently, both intermediate egrets and cattle egrets had high energy intakes in the plowing stage and rice fields provided an important feeding habitat for both species.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.237-244
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• 2007

We investigated the foraging habitat preferences of herons and egrets in an agricultural area in Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. In the study area, rice fields were the most abundant habitat type (86.8%) and total suitable feeding habitat was greater in the northern area (59.0%) than the southern area (22.5%) of the colony. Most feeding herons and egrets were located in the northern area of the colony. The number of feeding individuals in a given area was related to the available feeding area (Pearson correlation, r=0.773, p<0.001 for field habitats; r=0.901, p<0.001 for freshwater habitats). Feeding habitat preferences differed among species. Grey herons (Ardea cinerea), great egrets (Egretta alba), and black-crowned night herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) used reservoirs and ditches. However, intermediate egrets (E. intermedia) and cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) were dependent on rice fields. The little egret (E. garzetta) was a habitat generalist using all types of habitats. The two largest species, grey herons and great egrets, fed at deeper site than little egrets and foraged in deeper sites in reservoirs than in ditches (${\chi}^2-test,\;{\chi}^2{_3}=26.6$ and p<0.001 for grey herons, ${\chi}^2{_3}=17.5$ and p<0.001 for great egrets). All species displayed seasonal changes in feeding habitat use and these changes were related with changes in availability of feeding habitats.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2014

This study aims to provide the biological and geographical materials to identify the changes in population of Family Ardeidae included Egretta alba modesta, Egretta garzetta, Bubulcus ibis, and Nycticorax nycticorax and establish their conservation measurement in terms of the fragmented and deteriorated habitat by human development such as housing and park projects. Wonjucheon Stream was measured the highest species diversity since the survey site was relatively less interfered by the surrounding human beings showing lower disturbance elements. However, the closer the stream comes downstream, the more the artificial disturbance elements generate, confirming that the species better adapted to contamination grow in more density so that the species composition becomes simplified. It implies that feeding place as well as breeding-growing places is also more closely related to the changes in population structure and species composition of Family Ardeidae. The results of Family Ardeidae immigration in Taejang-dong, Wonju, among the other survey sites, revealed that a total of 231 came to the site in 2006; and 210 in 2011, showing more or less reduction in the population. In the mean while, Namyang-dong in Hwaseong City showed the continuous decrease in population number of Family Ardeidae with 135 before development and 60 during development, resulting in the number never growing but continuously narrowing over and over after development. As a result of surveying the number of Family Ardeidae that bred following the findings above, Taejang-dong in Wonju City had 4 species of Family Ardeidae being bred, however, showing the decrease in number of population from 998 in 2006 to 589 in 2011. Namyang-dong in Hwaseong was confirmed to have as many as 352 of the population in 2006 and 230 in 2008; after the deforestation on their habitat, they had not lived in the site any longer, suggesting that the development would significantly affect Family Ardeidae.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2008

본 연구는 2000$\sim$2002년 사이에 우리나라에서 사망한 야생조류의 간, 신장 그리고 뼈에서의 납과 카드뮴 농도를 분석하였다. 연구에 이용된 시료는 황새목(n=10), 기러기목 (n=3), 매목 (n=7), 도요목 (n=8), 비둘기목 (n=2) 그리고 참새목 (n=6)이었다. 간에서 납 농도는 도요목<기러기목<황새목<매목<참새목<비둘기목의 순이었다. 매목을 제외한 모든 목에서 뼈에서의 납 농도가 간에서의 납 농도보다 높았다. 본 결과는 우리나라 야생조류의 납 농도는 급성 오염이 아니라 만성적인 오염을 나타내는 것이다. 그리고 모든 조류의 간과 신장에서의 납 농도는 야생조류의 background level과 exposed level의 범위였다. 간에서의 카드뮴 농도는 도요목<황새목<기러기목<매목<참새목<비둘기목의 순이었다. 황새목, 기러기목, 매목과 참새목은 신장에서의 농도가 간에서의 농도보다 높았지만 도요목은 그렇지 않았다. 도요목을 제외한 모든 조류에서 카드뮴오염은 급성오염이 아닌 만성오염으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서 우리나라 야생조류의 카드뮴 농도는 대부분 background level이었지만 왜가리 1개체와 바다쇠오리 7개체는 toxic level이었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2008

이 연구는 2003년부터 2006년까지 4년간 대구시 수성구 팔현리 백로류 집단번식지 인근의 도로공사가 백로류 번식에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 2003년부터 2005년까지 3년간 공사가 진행되면서 백로류 개체수는 감소하였다. 공사가 중단된 2006년에는 황로를 제외한 왜가리와 중대백로의 개체수가 증가하였고, 왜가리는 다른 백로류에 비해 공사의 영향을 가장 많이 받은 것으로 나타났다. 중대백로, 쇠백로 및 해오라기의 개체수도 공사기간동안 감소하였다. 둥지목의 벌목과 번식지의 일부가 절개된 후 백로류의 둥지는 도로변에서 번식지의 안쪽으로 이동하는 경향이 나타났다. 조사기간 동안 번식지내 백로류의 분변으로 인한 고사목의 증가와 태풍으로 인한 도복으로 둥지목의 그루 수는 감소하였고, 둥지목 당 번식 둥지의 수는 늘어났다. 둥지목의 구성비율은 매년 소나무의 비율이 낮아지고, 아카시와 참나무의 비율이 증가하였다.