• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2010

An experimental study to evaluate dynamic structures of flow and turbulence characteristics in bubble-driven liquid flow in a rectangular tank with a varying flow rate of compressed air is conducted. Liquid flow fields are measured by time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) with fluorescent tracer particles to eliminate diffused reflections, and by an image intensifier to acquire enhanced clean particle images. Instantaneous vector fields are investigated by using the two frame cross-correlation function and bad vectors are eliminated by magnitude difference technique. By proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis, the energy distributions of spatial and temporal modes are acquired. When Reynolds number increases, bubble-induced turbulent motion becomes dominant rather than the recirculating flow near the side wall. The total kinetic energy transferred to the liquid from the rising bubbles shows a nonlinear relation regarding the energy input because of the interaction between bubbles and free surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

In this paper, the recirculation flow motion and mixing characteristics driven by air bubble stream in a rectangular water tank is studied. The time-resolved PIV technique is adopted for the quantitative visualization and analysis. 488 nm Ar-ion CW laser is used for illumination and orange fluorescent ($\lambda_{ex}=540nm,\;\lambda_{em}=560nm$) particle images are acquired by a PCO 10bit high-speed CCD camera (1280$\times$1024). To obtain clean particle images, 545 nm long pass optical filter and an image intensifier are employed and the flow rates of compressed air is 3 l/min at 0.5 MPa. The recirculation and mixing flow field is further investigated by time-resolved POD analysis technique. It is observed that the large scale recirculation resulting from the interaction between rising bubble stream and side wall is the most dominant flow structure and there are small scale vortex structures moving along with large scale recirculation flow. It is also verified that the sum of 20 modes of velocity field has about 67.4% of total turbulent energy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.2 s.257
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• pp.195-201
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• 2007

A visualization study of flow characteristics in a mixer using multi-nozzle bubbling was performed. The mixer is filed with liquid glycerin (dynamic viscosity = $1000mPa{\cdot}s\;at\;25^{\circ}C$) and convective mixing is induced by air bubbles generated from 9 orifices installed on the bottom of the mixer. To visualize the flow field, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system consisting of 532nm Nd:YAG laser, $2k{\times}2k$ CCD camera and synchronizer is adopted. The bubbles generated with uniform size and frequency form bubble stream and bubble streams rise vertically without interaction between bubble streams. Mixing efficiency is affected by the height of bubbler and the effective height of bubbler is 20nm from the bottom of the mixer.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.48-54
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• 2006

A visualization study of flow characteristics in a mixer using multi-nozzle bubbling was performed. The mixer is filled with liquid glycerin (dynamic viscosity = $1000mPa{\cdot}$ s at $25^{\circ}C$) and convective mixing is induced by air bubbles generated from 9 orifices installed on the bottom of the mixer. To visualize the flow field, PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system consisting of 532nm Nd:YAG laser, $2k\times2k$ CCD camera and synchronizer is adopted. The bubbles generated with uniform size and frequency form bubble stream, and bubble streams rise vertically without interaction between bubble streams. Mixing efficiency is affected by the height of bubbler and the effective height of bubbler is 20mm from the bottom of the mixer.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.265-270
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• 2021

VR and AR contents provide a rich user experience [1]. Realistic content with human computer interaction and immersion provides an improved user experience, but there is a limit to producing all elements realistically. In this study, we propose a method to advance the rendering of immersive content using background color information [2]. First, the elements necessary for Kelvin temperature rendering are derived from the color and background as context elements, and the rendering effect has been realized in the soap bubble. For soap bubbles Kelvin temperature rendering, the average color of the background is extracted and the color with the highest similarity is applied by comparing the main color and Kelvin temperature.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

A compressible multiphase flow was investigated using a DIM consisting of seven equations, including the fifth-order MLP and a modified HLLC Riemann solver to achieve a precise interface structure of liquid and gas. The numerical methods were verified by comparing the flow structures of the high-pressure water and low-pressure air in the shock tube. A 2D air-helium shock-bubble interaction at the incident shock wave condition (Mach number 1.22) was numerically solved and verified using the experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.354-359
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• 2001

As the temperature of liquid under negative pressure approaches the absolute zero, the nucleation process due to thermal fluctuations hardly occurs. Instead of this mechanism, quantum fluctuations may lead the formation of nucleus for new phase in metastable state. In this study, the thermal as well as quantum nucleation bubble in liquid helium under negative pressure was investigated theoretically. The energy barrier against nucleation was estimated by molecular interaction due to the Londom dispersion force. It is shown that the phase transition from liquid to vapor in is possible due to the quantum tunneling below 0.2 K for Helium-4 and 0.1 K for Helium-3, at negative pressures close to the ideal tensile strength at which every liquid molecules become bubbles simultaneously.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2002

Images taken with the Chandra X-ray telescope have for the the first time revealed the central, wind-driven, hot bubble (Chu et al. 2001), while Hubble Space Telescope (HST) WFPC2 images of the Cat's Eye nebula, NGC 6543, show that the temperature of the halo region of angular radius ~ 20", is much higher than that of the inner bright H II region. With the coupling of a photoionization calculation to a hydrodynamic simulation, we predict the observed 〔O III〕 line intensities of the halo region with the same O abundance as in the core H II region: oxygen abundance gradient does not appear to exist in the NGC 6543 inner halo. An interaction between a (leaky) fast stellar wind and halo gas may cause the higher excitation temperatures in the halo region and the inner hot bubble region observed with the Chandra X-ray telescope.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2002

The fundamental mechanism of a dispersed two-phase flow was investigated. Experiments were carried out to understand how the particles behaves under the influence of the particle size, shape, metamorphoses (bubble) and buoyancy of a single particle which is ascending from the standstill water. Two CCD cameras were employed for image processing of the behavior of the particles and the surrounding flow, which was interpreted with the technique of correlation PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and PTV (Particle Tracking Veloci- metry), respectively The experimental results showed that the large density difference bet- ween a particle and water caused high relative velocity and induced zigzag motion of the particle. Furthermore, the turbulence intensity of a bubble was about twice the case of the spherical solid particle of similar diameter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.375-377
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• 1998

The magneto-optical properties of Co/Co$_2$TiSn two-phase magnet films were studied. These films show that relatively large Kerr rotations which are -0.4 deg. at the wavelength of 400 nm, compared to that of pure Co. It is conceivable that the magneto-optical effects may be due to both contributions of ferromagnetic Co matrix and ferromagnetic Co$_2$TiSn Heusler alloy precipitate. The perpendicular magnetization curve domonstrates a typical bubble domain hysteresis loop. the saturation magnetization change of the annealed film is less sensitive to temperature in the low temperature region and the Curie temperature of Co$_2$TiSn Heusler alloy precipitate is a little higher in the annealed film. These can be explained by the increase of the number of Co-Co exchange interaction in Heusler alloy structure resulting from the change of chemical ordering by annealing.