• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of oral health policy and effective nonsmoking educational the basic data comparing the subjective oral health recognition and tooth brushing pattern by smoking whether or not, the subjects were adults to visit dental clinic. Methods: The subjects were a total of about 245 adults visited dental clinics in Busan metropolitan city and Gyeongnam province some areas. The datas were collected from December 17, 2012 to February 17, 2013. Data analyses were done with SPSS program through frequency analysis and chi-square test. Results: The tooth brushing pattern of non-smokers were more brushing after meals and snacks, and then brushing within three minutes before bedtime and brushing with more than 3 minutes, brushing with rotating method is pretty more, smokers were not brushing after the meal, a snack, and then within 3 minutes before going to bed without brushing, more than three minutes brushing with rotation method. Subjective oral health status of non-smokers, the more awareness is pretty healthy, but smokers were the more unhealthy side, the greater the smoking amount among smokers subjective oral health were recognized as a bad side. Conclusion: It was necessary to recognize subjective oral health status and to provide a way to practice corrective brushing pattern according to smoking or not and smoking amount. Subjective oral health awareness and brushing pattern directly related to the smoking or not and smoking amounts of the subject, so when dental care, it should be followed to recognize exactly what to give oral health status of subjects and provide a way of effective oral health management in order to improve the oral health and quality of life.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.336-347
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• 2000

Statement of problem. Luster loss in esthetic anterior ceromer restoration can occur and can be related with rough surface texture. Understanding durability of surface finishing methods like polishing and surface coating have critical importance. Purpose. This study evaluated the effect of tooth brushing and thermal cycling on surface luster of 3 ceromer systems (Artglass, Targis, Sculpture) treated with different surface finishing methods. Material and methods. Seventy-two samples were prepared: 12 for control group Z100, 12 for Artglass, 24 for Targis, and 24 for Sculpture. Half of the Targis and Sculpture were polished according to the manufacturer's recommendation. The rest of the samples were coated with staining and glazing solution for Targis and Sculpture, respectively. All specimens were subjected to 10,000 cycles between $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ with 30 seconds dwell time. Tooth brushing abrasion tests were performed in a customized tooth brushing machine with 500g back and forth for 20,000 cycle. Luster comparisons were based on grading after direct observation, and light reflection area was measured with Image analysis software. Results. All materials showed an decrease in luster grade after thermal cycling and tooth brushing. The post-tooth brushing results revealed that the glazed Sculpture had greater mean luster grade than did any other groups. While, the stained Targis group showed greatest changes after tooth brushing (p < 0.05), polished Targis and Sculpture did not show significant changes. However, glazed Sculpture showed discretely fallen out glaze resin. Conclusion. From the results of this study, all of the ceromer specimens were much glossy than control composite group after tooth brushing. coatings used for Targis and Sculpture had not durability for long term use.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2022

Background: In this study, we investigated the changes and factors that affect daily health behaviors due to COVID-19 among adolescents. We intend to provide basic data so that a systematic and comprehensive health education program that includes physical and oral health can be made. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of the from the 2019 and 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. A final sample of 112,251 participants was anlayzed using chi-square test, and ordinal logistic regression. Results: In the case of tooth brushing, the frequency of 'never' increased in most general characteristics compared to before COVID-19. In the case of handwashing, it was found that handwashing behavior increased (increased) after COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19. As a result of confirming the factors affecting tooth brushing behavior before and after COVID-19, it was found that girls brushed teeth 2.2 times more regularly after lunch than boys. As a result of adjusting all other factors, regular tooth brushing behavior after COVID-19 was reduced by 0.79 times compared to before COVID-19. Conclusion: It is judged that it is necessary to operate a comprehensive health management program in the school so that the most basic tooth brushing for oral health and handwashing for health can become a habit. In addition, by confirming the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on handwashing and tooth brushing behavior through this study, it is expected to be used in the development of policy data such as raising awareness of brushing and improving behaviors applicable in the current and upcoming new pandemic situations.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.180-190
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• 2022

Background: Like direct infection from COVID-19, psychological concern about infection could affect health. Concern about COVID-19 infection was associated with individual habits to practice rules for preventing infection. Therefore, this study aimed to check occupational types and whether to practice tooth brushing after lunch depending on the occupation of economic workers and find correlations between concerns about infection due to COVID-19 pandemic and tooth brushing after lunch. Methods: The raw data was from the community health survey conducted in 2020. Among 229,269 adult participants aged 19 years and older, 138,970 economic workers were included in the final analysis. The chi-squared test was used to find differences in psychological concerns due to the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the participants, the rate of practicing tooth brushing after lunch was based on COVID-19-related psychological concerns. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to check the influence of psychological concerns due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of practicing tooth brushing after lunch. Results: According to occupational classifications, professionals and office workers and career soldiers had 1.551- and 1.581-times higher practicing rates than managers, respectively, whereas machine operators, agricultural and fishery sector workers, and daily laborers had lower practicing rates. Regarding COVID-19-related psychological concerns, the group with a lower concern about infection had a 1.076 times higher practicing rate than that with greater concern. The group with greater concern about blame from neighbors had 1.119 times higher practicing rate than that with lower concern. Conclusion: The correlations between higher economic workers' concerns about infection and blame from neighbors and higher recognition of the necessity to prevent COVID-19 and practice tooth brushing after lunch were confirmed. It is necessary to prepare measures for practicing tooth brushing after lunch suitable to the characteristics of occupational types and work environments of economic workers.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2003

When the exposure surface of restoration is brushed with various toothpaste in the mouth, wear or undesirable surface deposit of restoration can occur. Surface change of gallium alloys according to brushing and toothpaste may directly affect oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface alterations of Gallium alloys during tooth brushing with different prophylactic agents. Two gallium-alloys and an amalgam as a control were investigated. Without and with brushing were applied with three kinds of prophylactic agents on the sample for 0, 1, 5, 10, 60 and 360 minutes. At each time interval, surface roughness was recorded by a profilometer and some pictures were taken by a SEM. All results were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey multiple comparisons and the simple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that gallium alloys are more susceptible to surface degradation during tooth brushing than amalgam with respect to the specific prophylactic agent used.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2001

Ceromers, new indirect resin system, are now being adopted for esthetic restorations. Despite of its translucency and good color matching, color stability after long-term use was unknown till now. This in vitro study was designed to evaluate color stability of some ceromers when subjected to brushing after thermocycling. Three types of ceromers: Scupture, Targis, Artglass and a direct resin system, Z100 were prepared to disks 12 mm in diameter, 2.5 mm in thickness. All specimens were polished, and Sculpture and Targis specimens were divided two groups, respectively. Then, half of them were glazed according to manufacturer's instructions. All specimen were brushed 20,000 times after 10,000 cycle thermocycling. Color was measured with spectrophotometer after 1,000, 3,000, 10,000 times thermocycling and 20,000 time brushing, respectively. Color difference (${\Delta}E$) was calculated according to CIE LAB system. During thermocycling, Sculpture & Targis system with polished surface showed greater color change than any other groups. After brushing, color difference was reduced significantly. Mean values of ${\Delta}E$ ranged 0.98 to 2.98. All Ceromers were considered clinically acceptable after thermocycling and brushing, and color change mechanism was affected by the brands and finishing methods. It might be concluded that color change of ceromer is due to surface alteration.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2020

본 연구는 토마토 공정묘 생산 시 생장 억제를 위한 적정 brushing 소재를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 토마토 종자를 상업적 공정육묘용 상토가 충진된 40구 플러그 트레이에 파종하였으며, 파종 후 18일째부터 brushing 자극을 처리하였다. Brushing 소재는 연질 아크릴, 폴리프로필렌, 직조필름 소재를 이용하여 brushing 처리를 하였으며, 대조구로 무처리구와 diniconazole을 엽면살포 처리하였다. 연질 아크릴 처리에서 초장이 유의적으로 가장 짧았고, 경경은 가장 두꺼웠다. 잎의 크기는 diniconazole 처리에서 가장 낮았으나, SPAD값은 가장 높게 나타났다. 연질 아크릴 처리에서 T/R율이 가장 낮고, 왜화율과 충실도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로, brushing 자극 처리를 위해 연질 아크릴 소재를 이용하는 것이 diniconazole 처리 보다 왜화율이 높아 도장 억제에 유리하며 묘 소질이 우수한 묘를 생산하는데 적절할 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

좋은 구강 위생 환경을 유지하기 위하여 치태 조절은 필수적이며, 가장 보편적이고 효과적인 방법은 올바른 칫솔질이다. 그러나 아동들은 올바른 칫솔질을 시행하기 어려워 칫솔질 교육의 중요성도 높아지고 있어, 경희대학교 치과대학 소아치과에 내원한 아동 40명을 대상으로 칫솔질 교육의 치태 조절의 효과를 조사하였다. 설문조사를 통해 기본 정보를 조사하고 치면 세균막 지수와 치아 및 혀 세정도, 구취 관리도를 측정하는 조사를 총 4회에 걸쳐 시행하여 칫솔질 교육 전과 후의 차이를 비교하였다. 치면 세균막 지수는 감소하였고(p<0.01), 치아 및 혀 세정도는 증가하였다(p<0.01). 구취관리도는 상관성을 보이지 않았다(p>0.01). 이러한 결과 칫솔질 교육은 구강 내 치면 세균막 제거에 뛰어난 효과를 보여, 아동들의 좋은 구강 위생 환경의 확립에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1993

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of tooth brushing, mouth gargling and gum chewing in reducing halitosis, 84 individuals ranging in age from 22 59 28 years old were examined. These individuals had no gross oral abnormalities, other than mild gingival inflammation, dental caries, nasopharyngeal disorder, or systemic diseases that were associated with halitosis. They were divided into a tooth brushing group, a mouth garging group, a gum chewing group and a control group that did not use any halitosis removing method. Each of the groups included 21 persons, B.B. Checker (Tokuyama Soda Col, LTDl, Japan) was used to measure the concentrations of intraoral volatile methyl mercaptan of each group. The concentrations of intraoral volatile methyl mercaptan were measured before and after lunch, and after removing halitosis by toothe brushing, mouth gargling and gum chewing. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The average concentration of intraoral volatile methyl mercaptan before lunch was 1.79ppm and after lunch it was 2.02ppm, an increase of 12.9%. 2. In the tooth brushing group the average concentration of intraoral volatile methyl mercaptan was 0.61ppm, in the mouth gargling group it was 1.15ppm, in the gum chewing group it was 1.64ppm and in the control group it was 1.92ppm. It decreased 69.5% in the tooth brushing group, 43.8% in the mouth gargling group, 18.4% in the gum chewing group and 5.4% in the control grop (p<0.05). 3. There were significant differences between the tooth brushing and control group, tooth brushing and gum chewing group and between mouth gargling and control group in concentrations of intraoral volatile methyl mercaptan after using the halitosis removing methods (p<0.05). According to the above results, tooth brushig and mouth gargling are effective ways to reduce halitosis.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluated the effects of improvement on dental health behavior and dental health knowledge of adult group through dental health education program, the study subjects were 75, education group being 37(male 19, female 18) and non-education group being 38(male 19, female 19). who being in 2 office. The results of this study were as follow: 1. In the primary survey, the education group and non-education group showed no differences in sex, age, job year, income, smoking, self-rated dental health statues, DMFT index, a number of cervical abrasion tooth, dental health behavior, dental health knowledge. 2. before education program the use of tooth brushing method of horizontal+vertical was 40.6%, after education program the use of tooth brushing method of rolling was 89.2% in education group. 3. after education program the tooth brushing times was increased after-meal brushing, especially increased from 40.5% to 93.8% at after midday meal brushing. 4. the difference of mean change of dental health knowledge score after oral health education program had been studied. dental health knowledge score increased in 9.8 in the education group and non-education group in 1.6(pE0.001). 5. the difference of mean change of oral health promotion behavior after oral health education program had been studied, the frequence of tooth brushing(pE0.05), flossing(pE0.001), tongue brushing(pE0.001) was significantly increased in education group compare to non-education group. Above findings suggest that dental health education program was effective in improving the dental health behavior, dental health knowledge of the adult group.