• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Seaweeds contain various bioactive compounds. Especially, brown algae (Phaeophyceae), the second abundant group of seaweeds, contain numerous nutraceutical and pharmaceutical substances. In this review, we investigated on the brown algae-related patents and literature. Consequently, the research and development (R&D) trends of patent related to brown algae showed that the large majority was applied as the composition of stem cell culture medium and mostly used as active substances. In conclusion, we suggested that many researchers try to investigate and develop applications of brown algae as the sophisticated-level biomedical materials because brown algae are actively developing as simple-level biomedical materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1980

Sixteen species of algae (4 species of green algae, 5 species of brown algae and 7 species of red algae) were collected from the coast of Chungmu, Gyeongnam, from June to October, 1976. The content of minerals in algae were analyzed by Atometic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results were as followed 1) The content of Iron and Nickel in green algae were abundant, and those of Lead, Nickel and Manganese in brown algae were low. 2) The content of Cadmium were in the range of 0.58-1.04ppm (average: 0.85ppm) in green algae, 0.32-2.10ppm (average: 1.08ppm) in brown algae and 0.54-1.70ppm (average: 1.04ppm) in red algae. The content of Cadmium were in the range of 0.3-0.6ppm in laver, Porphyra tenera, sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, and tangle, Laminaria japonica, but its content was lower than those expected. 3) The content of Lead were in the range of 0.67-1.40ppm (average: 1.03ppm) in green algae, 0.60-1.00ppm (average: 0.82ppm) in brown algae, 0.56-2.40ppm (average: 1.28ppm) in red algae and its content in algae were lower than in fish and shellfish. 4) The content of Copper were in the range of 10.8-24.2ppm (average: 18.95ppm) in green algae, 7.4-24.6ppm (average: 18.16ppm) in brown algae, 6.4-31.2ppm (average: 19.94ppm) in red algae and those content were considerably abundant except for some algae. 5) The content of Nickel were in the range of 5.4-16.6ppm (average: 9.1ppm) in green algae, 1.0-4.4ppm (average: 2.32ppm) in brown algae and 0.7-4.6ppm (average: 2.59ppm) in red algae. 6) The content of Iron were in the range of 686.4-1159.0ppm (average: 916.5ppm) in green algae, 131.0-499.2ppm (average: 310.16ppm) in brown algae and 156.0-530.4ppm (average: 248.2ppm) in red algae. Especially, that of Iron in green algae showed higher value than in any other. 7) The content of Manganese were in the range of 48-221ppm (average: 157.25ppm) in green algae, 12-65ppm (average: 41ppm) in brown algae and 72-162ppm (average: 121ppm) in red algae. Especially, that of Manganese in brown algae showed lower value than in any other. 8) The content of Zinc were in the range of 191.3-451.1ppm (average: 290.05ppm) in green algae, 89.9-374.2ppm (average: 202.64ppm) in brown algae and 106.4-281.4ppm (average: 188.93ppm) in red algae. 9) The content of Magnesium were in the range of 0.48-1.83% (average: 1.27%) in green algae, 1.04-1.71% (average: 1.21%) in brown algae and 0.42-1.24% (average: 0.097%) in red algae. 10) The content of Fluorine were in the range of 29.2-92.7ppm (average: 53.03ppm) in green algae, 33.3-43.5ppm (average: 39.18ppm) in brown algae and 32.4-59.0ppm (average: 44.84ppm) in red algae.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 1980

The quantity of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) contained in marine algae collected in Onsan-myon on the east coast of Korea from March to December 1978 was determined as a part of the environmental base line survey of the Onsan Industrial Base. In general, green algae have a higher Cu content than either brown or red algae, and brown algae have higher As and lower Cu contents, while red algae have a higher Zn content. Significant differences between algal species in either Cd or Pb content were however not found.

• ALGAE
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2004

This study was to clarify the variations in a marine ecosystem through examining the species composition of benthic algae in the coast of Dokdo Island during summer (June & August, 2003). The total number of species found in benthic algae was 45 composed of 11% green algae, 29% red algae and 60% brown algae. The dominant species were Enteromorpha linza, Cladophora spp. and Codium frgile for green algae, Ecklonia cave, Eisenia bicyclis, Sargassum confusum, S. patens, S. horneri, Myagropsis myagroides for brown algae and Amphiroa cphedrace. A pusilla, Lithophyllum okamurae, Corallina spp. Laurencia pinnata, L. hamata, Chondria crassicaulit, C. dasyphylla, Gelidium amansii, Neosiphonia yendoi and Polysiphonia yendoi for red algae. The number of benthic algal species decreased more in this study than in previous researches. The whitening of the rocky shore might provoke the decrease of benthic algal biomass and species.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.135-140
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• 1979

The marine benthic algae of Gojeong-Ri was investigated in a floristic aspect. As a result, 34 species, 7 blue-green, 14 red, 6 brown and 7 green algae were identified as a summer flora from the area. Among them, Sirocoleum kurzii (blue-green alga), Ralfsia clavata (brown alga), Pseudulvella consociata and Cladophora speciosa (green algae) were known as new records to Korea.

• ALGAE
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

The photosynthetic parameters of dark- adapted minimum fluorescence (Fo) and maximum quantum yield of charge separation in PSII (Fv/Fm) were measured in transverse sections of eight species of marine Phaeophyceae (species of Laminariales, Fucales, Desmarestiales, Chordariales) using pulse amplified modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Within each transverse section fluorescence was measured in three regions corresponding to outer cortical and meristoderm cells, inner cortical cells and innermost medullary cells. Minimum fluorescence declined from 19-74% (mean of 39%) from outermost to innermost cells. Maximum quantum yield varied from 0.51-0.59 in outermost cell layers and this was reduced to 0.23-0.40 in innermost cell layers, with an average reduction of 50%. Despite the reduction Fo in medullary cells (inner), medullas of all species showed maximum quantum yields consistent with a photosynthetic role in carbon fixation. These results show that medullary cells of complex brown algae have more than a role in structure, storage or transport, and may also provide an important role in carbon fixation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1501-1510
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• 2011

In recent years novel potential pharmocological candidates have been looked for in animal, seaweed, sponge, fungi and marine bacteria resources. In this study, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play an important role in metastasis, arthritis, chronic inflammation and wrinkle formation were used as target enzymes to screen therapeutic agents. The inhibitory effects of several marine algae including green algae (5 species), red algae (18 species) and brown algae (4 species) methanolic extracts on MMPs were investigated in human dermal fibroblasts and human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT1080 cells) using gelatin zymography. In human dermal fibroblasts, the inhibition of MMP-2 was observed in Laurencia okamurae, Polysiphonia japonica, Grateloupia lanceolate and Sinkoraena lancifolia of red algae. In contrast, MMP-2 activation was enhanced in Enteromorpha compressa and E. linza of green algae, and Peltaronia bighamiae and Sargassum thunbergii of brown algae. In human fibrosarcoma cells, MMP-9 activation was decreased in the presence of S. thunbergii of brown algae, Polysiphonia japonica in red algae and E. compressa and E. linza of green algae. The interesting finding is that E. compressa and E. linza of green algae, and S. thunbergii of brown algae exhibited a positive effect on MMP-2 in normal cells, but a negative effect on MMP-9 in cancer cell lines. These results suggest that E. compressa and E. linza of green algae, and S. thunbergii of brown algae contain potential therapeutic ingredients for cancer treatment.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1975

In order to clarify the accumulation of radioactive materials in marine organisms of Korea, the present investigation is carried out with 54 samples of edible seaweeds collected from eight sampling sites along the coast of Korea during September, 1973 and April, 1974. In this paper, ash contents, gross alpha activities and gross beta activities are detected. The ash content is 7.53- 15.95% in the species investigated. Among the algal phyla it is about 13.13% in green algae, 12.77% in brown algae, and 10.77% in red algae on an average. On the other hand, gross alpha activities fluctuate from 180.0 pCi/Kg to 1082.6 pCi /Kg-fresh material experimented, and are 530.72 pCi/Kg on an average. They increase from green to red and brown algae, in turn. The activities in a single species collected at the same season increse from eastern to western and southern coasts of Korea, in turn. Gross beta activities, however, fluctuate from 2.40 nCi/Kg to 22.14 nCi/Kg-fresh material experimented, and 9.03 nCi/Kg on an average. They increase also from green to red nd brown algae, in turn. The gross beta activities are specially higher in Sargassum thunbergii, 22.14 nCi/Kg It is expected that this plant could be an indicator to detect the activities in the marine algae along the coast of Korea.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2015

We examined cell regeneration efficiency of brown marine algae living in Jeju coast for search of a novel therapeutic device with cutaneous wound healing materials. The five algae were collected and compared with epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a positive control in the assays of cell proliferation and cell migration of NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Among the 80% methanol extracts of these brown algae, the two algal extracts from Ishige foliacea and Colpomenia bullosa showed the proliferative effects of the cells similar to the effect of EGF. Besides it was found that Colpomenia bullosa extract significantly enhanced cell migration of NIH3T3 cell. In the study, therefore, we confirmed that the Colpomenia bullosa extract improved proliferation of NIH3T3 cell and a potential candidate for cultaneous wound healing.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 1975

Continued to the previous papers, the present investigation is carried out to clarify cesium-137 activities and potassium contents among 54 samples of edible marine algae collected along the coast of Korea during September, 1973 and April, 1974. The potassium contents are variable, 1.5-29.6%, and 11.36% on an average, while most of the members contain them about 10-16% generally. Among the algal phyla, they are 13.49% in green, 10.82% in brown and 16.46% in red algae, respectively. Cesium-137 activities are variable, 0.19-8.13 pCi$\^$137/ Cs/g K, and 2.35 pCi$\^$137/Cs/g K on an average in the samples investigated. Among the algal phyla they are 4.35 in green, 2.17 in brown and 0.89 pCi $\^$137/Cs/g K in red algae, respectively. Green algae contain especially higher activities compared with the other two groups. The brown alga, Myelophycus caespitosus shows the highest activities, 8.13 pCi$\^$137/Cs/g K, among the members investigated. Considering the concentration factor, this plant would be an indicator plant of cesium-137 among the marine algae along the coast of Korea.