• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2000

There are several main antibacterial susceptibility tests, such as agar dilution method, broth dilution method and disk diffusion technique. Especially, for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, agar dilution method has been widely used. But that method is so complicated and bothering that it's difficult to treat a large amount of strains. On the other hand, modified broth dilution method(add 1% glucose and 0.018% phenol red as a pH indicator to broth) is fast and easy to perform. Most of all, it can visualize the result by color. The MICs of 22 antibiotics Including penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, ceftiofur, vancomycin and quinolones, erythromycin, colistin. sul-fadimethoxine, trimethoprim for arcanobacterium pyogenes 14 strains, actinobacillus pleuropneu-moniae 41 strains and pasteurella multocida 37 strains, which were collected from porcine during 1996 ∼ 1999, were determined by modified broth dilution method. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was highly susceptible to all kinds of quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin and to all aminoglycosides, like gentamicin, apramycin, kanamycin and ampicillin, cephalothin and ceftiofur. But It was quite resistant to solfadimethoxin, colistin and vancomycin. Pasteurella multocida was found to have high susceptibility to ampicillin, cephalothin, chlorampenicol and gentamicin but had mid-degree susceptibility to other aminoglycosides. In addition, it was susceptible to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid, but not to newer fluoroquinolone like ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin and it was resistant to colistin and kanamycin. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was highly susceptible to most of quinolones such as cipoofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin and gentamicin and penicillin G. But it also obtained high resistance against the early quinolone, nalidixic acid and aminoglycosides such as amikacin, apramycin and kanamycin and erythromycin, chlorampenicol, tetracyclin and vancomycin.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.437-444
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• 2007

The broth solution was prepared by the mixing of an uranyl nitrate, THFA, PVA, and water. The uranium concentration of the broth solution was $0.5{\sim}0.8$ mole-U/L and the viscosity of it was $30{\sim}80cSt$. The droplets of this broth solution were farmed in air and ammonia by the vibrating nozzle with the frequency of 100 Hz at the amplitude of $100{\sim}130V$. The diameter of the droplet was about $1900{\mu}m$ from using the nozzle diameter of 1 mm. The diameter of the aged gel was about $1400{\mu}m$ after aging in ammonia solution at $60{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, and the dried gel with the diameter of about $900{\mu}m$ was obtained after drying at room temperature or partially vacuum condition. The diameter of the calcined $UO_3$ microsphere after calcination at $600^{\circ}C$ appeared about $800{\mu}m$ in air atmosphere. Although the droplets of the same sizes were formed, the calcined microspheres of different sizes were manufactured in the case of the broth solutions of the different uranium concentration. The droplets of the desired diameters were obtained by the change of the nozzle diameters and the broth flow rates.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1790-1797
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• 2002

Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from piglets and chicken and characterized. Lactic acid bacteria showing resistance to low pH and bile, adhesion to intestinal epithelium cells, and the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus. L. acidophilus PF01 survived for 2 h in MRS broth adjusted to pH 2. L. acidophilus CF07 was less resistant than L. acidophilus PF01 to pH 2, but survived at pH 2.5 for 2 h. Both of isolates were able to grow in MRS broth containing 0.3% (w/v) bile, with L. acidophilus CF07 being more tolerant to bile than L. acidophilus PF01. L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 adhered specifically to the duodenal and jejunal epithelium cells of piglet, and the cecal and duodenal epithelium cells of chicken, respectively. Both of isolates did not adhere to the epithelium cells of the various animal intestines from which they were isolated. When L. acidophilus was cultured with E. coli and Salmonella spp. in MRS broth, MRS broth containing 2% skim milk powder or modified tryptic soy broth at $37^{\circ}C$, L. acidophilus PF01 and CF07 inhibited the growths of E. coli K88 and K99, and S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. Both of isolates were found to possess the essential characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria for piglet and chicken.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1978

The difference in antimicrobial susceptibility of multiply drug-resistant Salmonella typhi by the methods of test was tested against chloramphenicol(Cm), tetracycline(Tc), ampicillin(Ap), kanamycin(Km), and rifampicin(Rif), and the results were compared by the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC). No appreciable difference was noted between MICs of Cm, Tc, and Rif measured by agar plate dilution(plate) method and broth dilution(broth) method. However, MICs of Km to about a half of test strains were 4 to 8-fold higher by broth method than plate method, and MICs of Ap by broth method were also a little higher than plate method in some strains. Cm and Rif were bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal to the most of test strains in high concentrations. Tc, Ap and Km were exclusively bactericidal to the test strains.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 2012

During search for novel bioactive materials from natural resources with the potential as health food and alternative medicine, the culture broth of Cordyceps longissima (CL) J106, J144 and C. scarabaeicola (CS) J94, J123 were prepared, and their effect on cytotoxicity and nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells were investigated. Whereas the culture broth of CL J144 and CS J123 had cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells, that of CL J106 and CS J94 did not. The culture broth of CL J106 and CS J94 suppressed NO production in RAW 264.7 cells activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that culture broth, a by-product of Cordyceps, may have active compounds with anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, it appears that their biological activity is dependent on the strains in spite of the same species.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.74-78
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• 2000

Vibrio, Photobacterium, Alteromonas and Xenorhabdus species are capable of emitting light, called bioluminescence. They exist in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments. Bacterial bioluminescent reaction is that reduced riboflavin phosphates and a long-chain aldehyde are oxidized in the presence of molecular oxygen and enzyme luciferase. This experiment aims to develop the proper culture media and to optimize the storage condition for the recovery of bioluminescent activity in Photobacterium phosphoreum. The Luria broth (LB) medium was modified for cultivation of Photobacterium phophoreum, called as modified LB(mLB) medium. The mLB medium is LB fortified with 3% glycerol and 1.5% NaCl. In mLB medium. bacterial growth and bioluminescent activity are 25% higher than those in a Nutrient broth medium. When the cell stocks were stored at $-20^{\circ}C$, $-70^{\circ}C$ and LN2 for 3 months, cell growth and bioluminescent activity of culture after stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ were better than those of other treatments. The highest bioluminescent activity obtained at the late exponential phase in all treatments. When the cell stock was freeze-dried with 5% adonitol as a cryoprotectant, the recovery of cell was better than those of control and freeze-dried cell stock without addition of cryoprotectant.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1984

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the antibacterial spectrum of L. casei phage type $J_1$ strain isolated from a fermented milk product against pathogenic enteric bacteria. Growth inhibitory effects and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of culture supernatants of L. casei grown in MRS broth were measured by both plate culture method and microplate broth dilution technique against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae, enterpathogenic E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The MRS broth culture of L. casei gave a similar extent of growth inhibitory effects against S. typhi, S. typhimurium, S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, respectively. 2. The inhibitory effects of L. casei culture were observed either in whole broth culture or in culture supernatant, but neither the bacterial suspension nor the neutralized culture supernatant showed such as antibacterial activities. 3. The MIC titres of the culture supernatants were ${\log_2}5$ to ${\log_2}6$, whereas those of the neutralized culture supernatant dropped markdely to ${\log_2}2$ to ${\log_2}3$. These results indicated that major portion of growth inhibitory effects of MRS broth culture of L. casei against enteric bacterial pathogens was possibly due to the acids produced, and minor portion to other antibacterial substances.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2004

Natamycin, produced by Streptomyces natalensis ATCC27448, is a polyene macrolide antibiotic, is widely used in the food industry in order to prevent mould contamination. This study carried out to develop an efficient purification process of natamycin from fermentation broth. The stability of natamycin in fermentation broth during storage period was investigated at 4$^{\circ}C$ and room temperature. After the storage of fermentation broth for 14 days at 4$^{\circ}C$, residual activity of natamycin was about 80% but decreased by 27% at room temperature. As solvent to extract natamycin from fermentation broth, methanol was the most efficient. A developed purification procedure includes methanol extraction and Diaion HP-20 column chromatography. Approximately 2.9 g of natamycin was obtained with a final yield of 69.1% and purity of 96.6% from 1.8 l of fermentation broth by this developed purification procedure.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 1978

The growing behavior of Candida albicans in various concentration of glucose and corticosteroid media was studied with the method of modified hanging slide culture. The strains of Candida albicans used in this study were obtained from vaginal swab from outpatients and were isolated from cultured colonies on Sabouraud's glucose agar media. To detect the budding rate of blastospore, the diluted suspension of Candida albicans in normal saline were inoculated into various concentration of glucose (Gl, G2, G3, G4), corticosteroid (S1, S2, S3, S4) and corticosteroid with 10% pepton broth (D1, D2, D3, D4) respectively and cultured at room temperature $(22{\sim}25^{\circ}C)$. The number of budding of blastospore were counted under the high power field of light microscope (400X) at specific time interval, e.g, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 hours after inoculation. The results are as following: 1. The most effective budding rate was seen in G4 media (1.25% glucose) in 18 hours aft inoculation (89%). 2. The budding rate in Sabouraud's glucose broth with various concentration of dexamethasone added, was not significantly different from that of simple Sabouraud's glucose broth within 18 hours after inoculation, but there was statistically. significant difference in two budding rate at 24 hours observation. 3. The budding rate in 10% pepton broth media with various concentration of dexamethasone was almost same budding rate in control group, which is normal saline and 10% pepton broth, except on 2 and 24 hours results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 1982

This study designed to elucidate free amino acid composition and calcium, iron contents in extractive cooking. broth of boiled-dried anchovy. Composition of the free amino acid in boiled-dried anchovy, in large and medium one appeared the same tendency. Abundant free amino acid of boiled-dried anchovy were histidine, alanine, lysine, leucine, glycine and glutamic acid in order. The total free amino acid was greatly extracted from cooking broth when boiled at 30 minutes. Free amino acid, such as histidine, alanine, lysine, leucine and glutamic acid had abundant in cooking broth. The calcium and iron contents in broth were little difference between large and medium one. Calcium and iron contents were highest in cooking broth when boiled at 30 minutes. Panel test on general accetability was very good in the boiling at 30 minutes.