• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.1017-1025
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• 2016

This study was performed in order to investigate changes in platycosides, as well as antimicrobial activities of bronchus diseases-inducing bacteria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes) of Platycodon grandiflorum root (PGR) fermented by lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides N12-4, Leuc. mesenteroides N58-5, Lactobacillus plantarum N76-10, L. plantarum N56-12, Lactobacillus brevis N70-9, and L. brevis E3-8). Growth of L. plantarum on PGR was most active during lactic acid fermentation using different strains. Total platycoside, platycoside E, platycodin A, polygalacin $D_2$, polygalacin D, and diapioplatyco-side E contents of PGR fermented for 96 h at $37^{\circ}C$ by Leuc. mesenteroides and L. plantarum increased, whereas contents of platycodin D and platycodin $D_3$ were reduced. The antimicrobial activity on PGR fermented by L. plantarum N56-12 exhibited strong microbial proliferation for all four kinds of bronchus disease-inducing bacteria and was higher than that of non-fermented PGR extract. MIC of fermented PGR extract by L. plantarum N56-12 on C. diphtheriae, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes were 45, 10, 50, and 25 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, this result shows that the antimicrobial activities of bronchus disease-inducing bacteria and platycoside content of PGR by L. plantarum N56-12 were higher than that of non-fermented PGR extract.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.669-676
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• 1997

Castleman's disease is uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder as giant lymph node hyperplasia and angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia. Multicentric variant of Castleman's disease, plasma cell type has been described that has more generalized lymph node involvement as well as involvement of other organ systems than localized type. Multicentric plasma cell type is frequently accompanied by systemic manifestations, such as weight loss, lowgrade fever and weakness. But the reported cases of pulmonary parenchymal involvement are rare and have almost consisted of hyalinized granuloma adjacent to a bronchus. We report a patient with Castleman's disease of the lung, pathologically proven interstitial pulmonary involvement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.5
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• pp.231-234
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• 2013

Aspergillus causes a variety of clinical syndromes in the lung including tracheobronchial aspergillosis, invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and aspergilloma. Aspergilloma usually results from ingrowths of colonized Aspergillus in damaged bronchial tree, pulmonary cyst or cavities of patients with underlying lung diseases. There are a few reports on endobronchial aspergilloma without underlying pulmonary lesion. We have experienced a case of endobronchial aspergilloma associated with foreign body developed in an immunocompetent patient without underlying lung diseases. A 59-year-old man is being hospitalized with recurring hemoptysis for 5 months. X-ray and computed tomography scans of chest showed a nodular opacity in superior segment of left lower lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed an irregular, mass-like, brownish material which totally obstructed the sub-segmental bronchus and a foreign body in superior segmental bronchus of the lower left lobe. Histopathologic examinations of biopsy specimen revealed fungal hyphae, characteristic of Aspergillus species.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.390-393
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• 2013

This case study describes the imaging features of radiography and computed tomography (CT) in four small breed dogs with lung lobe torsion. The medical records, thoracic radiographs and CT images of four dogs with confirmed lung lobe torsion were retrospectively reviewed. Pleural effusion and increased lobar opacity/density were seen on all CT and thoracic radiography in all four dogs. CT revealed narrowed/collapsed bronchus in all four dogs, while this was only appreciated on one thoracic radiography. The vesicular emphysema pattern was seen on four CT but only on three radiographic examinations. The specific findings of lung lobe torsion were vesicular emphysema and a narrowed/collapsed bronchus. These findings were more easily recognized on CT than with thoracic radiographs.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1999

Broncholithiasis is defined as a condition in which calcified material is present within the bronchial lumen. It is a rare but troublesome disease that can cause life-threatening complications such as massive fatal hemoptysis. Therefore, pulmonary resection is frequently required to remove the broncholiths and irreversibly damaged parenchyma. We experienced 3 cases of broncholithiasis. In one case, a 36 year old female patient suffered from coughing, massive hemoptysis with lithoptysis caused by intrinsic obstructive broncholiths in the right middle and lower lobe. In the 2nd case, a 41 year old male patient complained of long-standing blood tinged sputum and frequent pneumonic symptoms for 10 months because of extrinsic broncholithiasis where the calcified peribronchial lymph node eroded into the bronchial lumen of the right lower lobe. The remaining case involved a 30 year old female patient who complained of intermittent blood-tinged sputum induced by intrabronchial broncholith in the orifice of the right middle lobe bronchus. Two patients underwent bilobectomy(right middle and lower lobe) for removal of the broncholiths, damaged bronchi and parenchyma. The other patient was treated with right middle lobectomy and stone removal by bronchotomy of bronchus intermedius. In all patients, the post-operative course was uneventful.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2007

Neurilemmomas are benign tumors that originate from Schwann cells. These tumors rarely occur in the trachea or bronchus. Although small peripheral lesions cause no symptoms, they usually cause dyspnea, cough, wheeze, and atelectasis. We encountered two cases of endobronchial neurilemmoma, and reviewed 10 cases previously reported in Korea in order to clarify the characteristics of this disease, and to determine the appropriate treatment. The median age of the 12 patients reviewed were 36.5 (range 16-75). Cough and dyspnea were the most common initial symptoms (40%), and two cases had no symptoms. Regarding the diagnostic methods, bronchoscopic biopsy was found to be inadequate for diagnosis in two cases. A review of the cases revealed the following teatments: bronchoscopic removal in two cases, surgery in six cases, and combined bronchoscopic removal and surgery in one case.

• The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.159-163
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• 2018

Progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) is a primary muscle disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting, which is inherited by an X-linked recessive pattern and occurs mainly in males. There are several types of muscular dystrophies classified according to the distribution of predominant muscle weakness including Duchenne and Becker, Emery-Dreifuss, facioscapulohumeral, oculopharyngeal, and limb-girdle type. Clinical manifestations of PMD are clumsy, unsteady gait, pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary edema, hydropericardium, hydrothorax, aspiration, syncopal attacks, and sudden cardiac death. The deceased was a 34-year-old man, and the onset of the first clinical symptom, gait disturbance, was in his late teens. His elder brother had the same disease and experienced brain death after a head trauma and died after mechanical ventilation was discontinued. After an autopsy, we found contracture of the joints, pseudohypertrophy of the calf, wasting and fat replacement of the thigh muscle, pericardial effusion (80 mL), fibrosis and fat replacement of the cardiac ventricular wall, pulmonary edema, and froth in the bronchus. The cause of death was heart failure and dyspnea due to muscular dystrophy. There was no sign or suspicion of foul play in his death.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-23
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• 2014

We report a bronchoesophageal fistula that treat with bronchial stent insertion and histoacryl injection. A 52-year-old man with esophagel cancer was transferred for dysphagia management. At the CT scan that underwent on admission, esophageal cancer with multiple lymph node metastasis was observed. At the gastroduodenoscopy and contrast study, bronchoesophageal fistula was observed. Recurrent stent insertion treatment was failed, and then, By the broncoscopy, covered stent was inserted to right bronchus, and By the endoscopy, fibrin glue and histoacryl was injected in the fistula opening. At the contrast study, contrast leakage was not observed, and the patient was discharged. But, at the 14 days after discharge, the patient was admitted to the emerency room because of cough symptom whenever he eat food. The patient was diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia, we were determined that it is unable to oral intake. The patient received a jejunostomy and antibiotic treatment for aspiration pneumonia. He was discharged after symptomatic improvement.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.427-431
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• 2007

The bronchus-asociated lymphoid tissue(BALT) lymphoma is a low-grade primary malignant lymphoma that originates from bronchus associated lymphoid tissue. A 67-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of cough, sputum, rhinorrhea which had persisted for one month. Physical examination showed decreased breathing sound on the left upper lung field. High resolution chest computed tomography demonstrated consolidation which showed air-bronchogram and surrounding ground glass opacity in left upper lobe. These findings implicated inactive tuberculosis, organizing pneumonia, or bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. The histologic findings from percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy revealed aggregated atypical small lymphoid cells with lymphoepithelial lesions. With immunohistochemical staining, the atypical lymphoid cells reacted positively with CD 20 antibody and negatively with CD 3 antibody. Thus, we could diagnosed her as a patient with BALT lymphoma. After left upper lobectomy, she has been well without recurrence of the disease for 14 months. In this country of Republic of Korea, it was the 1st case of BALT lymphoma surgically treated when histological diagnosis had been done. Based on this case, we wanted to demonstrate the importance of early histological diagnosis and treatment of BALT lymphoma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 1991

From January, 1980, to August, 1989, 23 patients underwent thoracotomy for treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis on the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Keimyung University. There were 12 male and 11 female patients ranging from 23 years to 61 years old[mean age, 40.7 years]. The main clinical symptoms were hemoptysis[91.3%], cough[65.2%], chest pain[34.5%]. Sixteen patients[69.6%] had simple aspergilloma and 7[30.4%] had complex aspergilloma. The most common indication for operation was a hemoptysis, indeterminate mass, chronic cough, or obstructed bronchus. Anatomical location of lesion was mainly located upper lobe [82.6%] and most of cases were managed by lobectomy. Postoperative pathologic findings showed that 13 case[56.5%] were combined with tuberculosis, two were combined with bronchiectasis and two were combined with lung tumor, but 6 cases were not combined with other disease. Early complications occurred in 33.5% of patients with simple aspergilloma and in 85.7% of patients with complex aspergilloma. But there was no hospital death.