• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2016

Background: Azithromycin has broad spectrum and is effective to treat several bacterial respiratory tract infection. It is also relatively safe and tolerable to pediatric patient. Careful use of azithromycin is also required for the prescribers because it could cause cardiovascular toxicity (QTc prolongation) and ototoxicity. There has been no study on duration of azithromycin use in pediatric patients in Korea. Methods: The outpatient sample data on the azithromycin prescription was obtained from Korean health insurance review and assessment service. The characteristics of azithromycin prescription were analyzed with two different years (2011 and 2014). Results: Total 4,215 cases were analyzed. The azithromycin was prescribed the most frequently in the children (73.2% in 2011 and 62.5% in 2014) and for the condition of bronchopneumonia (28.7% in 2011 and 21.7% in 2014) in both years. The duration of prescribed for azithromycin has significantly different between 2011 and 2014. In 2014, 94.3% of prescription were indicated less than 5 days, but 86.6% were in 2011. Acute bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia prescriptions more longer duration of treatment compared with acute bronchitis and others. Conclusion: The pattern of prescribing azithromycin has been changed for the treatment of several infectious diseases in pediatric patients. The rate of appropriate duration of azithromycin treatment has increased.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.326-332
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• 1978

There appears some conduction defects frequently after total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot. Common defect is right bundle branch block due to surgical intervention. We experienced complete A-V block which occured 3 months later after total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in a 8 year old boy. The patient was completely free of any A-V block after the operation for 3 months, and sudden onset of A-V block with coupled premature ventricular contractions resulted him in shock state during the attack of severe bronchopneumonia for 4 days prior to the second visit. Emergency implantation of Cordis demand type temporary pacemaker was necessary to control the complete heart block with bradyarrhythmia and frequent ventricular fibrillation. Permanent cardiac pacemaker was implanted two weeks later as indicated with Cordis Stanicor lambda demand pacemaker, and the patient was discharged uneventfully on the 8th post implantation day with the heart rate of 72/min. Another 3 months after the implantation, the patient was transported to this hospital as dead on arrival after an accidental fall from a 2 meter height, and all possible cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed for 60 minutes at the emergency room in vain. Autopsy was done to find out the cause of sudden death and the etiology of complete heart block. Microscopic focal infarctions with scar formation were noted along the course of conduction system in the interventricular septum, which might be the main cause of complete heart block during the attack of severe bronchopneumonia complicated with acute bacterial endocarditis. The tip of the pacemaker wire was slipped from the granulation scar at the apex of the right ventricular cavity, and this might be the direct cause of pacing failure and death.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-82
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• 1969

Aspergillosis outbroken in I to 2-week-old chicks in a poultry-farm at Tae-gu district were observed in april, 1959. Clinical and pathological manifestations of the cases were as follows: 1. Clinically, inappetence, drowsiness, and increased thirst were observed in the early stage. In the later stage, extreme dyspnea, emaciation and retarded growth were main features. There was diarrhea in a few cases. 2. Macroscopically, tubercle-like nodules in the lung and cloudy swelling of the parenchymatous organs were present. Histologically, the lung was shown suppurative bronchitis and bronchopneumonia. Hyphae, myceilia, sterigmata and free spores of aspergillus were observed in the center of the nodules and the bronchial lumen.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.183-186
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• 2020

This paper describes the development of neurological signs of two prematurely born calves four days after birth. The pathological examination results indicated fibrinopurulent polyserositis, including meningoencephalitis with suppurative bronchopneumonia. Bovine viral diarrhea virus subtype 2a was detected in most of the internal organs, and the bacterial colonies cultured from the samples were identified as Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae. Molecular analysis via multilocus sequence typing identified a different K. pneumoniae isolate in each calf-type 14 in calf A and type 65 in calf B. This is the first report identifying K. pneumoniae sequence types 14 and 65 in cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 1997

Streptococcus suis has been identified as a major cause of contagious disease in pigs Ithas been isolated worldwide from pigs suffering from meningitis, bronchopneumonia, polyserositis, polyarthritis and septicemia. Two hundred and fifty-five lung samples of slaughter pigs with gross lung lesions were collected from Jan. to Dec. 1995 in southern Chonnam area. Isolation of S suis were tested by biochemical, serological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility. The results were summerrized as follows ; 1. S suis was Isolated from 30 of 254 pneumonic lungs, 14 Isolates were isolated only, 12 were isolated with p. multocida and 4 were isolated with unidentified Gram positive cocci. 2. In biochemical characteristics studies, all isolates were not grown in 6.5% NaCl medium, and most isolates utilized L-leucine-2-naphtylamide and trehalose, didn't utilize sorbitol, ribose and L-arabinose. 3. In slide agglutination test, 6(20%) Isolates were classified as serotype 2, 4(13.3%) isolates were as serotype l/2, 16, 2 and 2(6.6%) were as serotype 1, 4, 13. 4. S suis isolates showed marked susceptibility to amoxicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin and cepoferazone and high resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 1967

Pathological studies, on the lung of 27 cases of bovine parasitic bronchitis which were secured from abattoirs in Korea, were performed and discussed. The chief pathological findings were as follows. Grossly, the lungs were shown various degree of lobular consolidation, collapse and alveolar emphysema around the bronchi in which nematodes of Dictyocaulus viviparus were present. Emphysema and edema were observed in the interlobular septa. The lesions were encountered mostly in the caudal and ventral borders of the diaphragmatic lobes. In all the cased of parasitic bronchitis in which thickening of the visceral pleura and fibrinous deposition on the pleural surfaces were not seemed to be entirely due to the lungworm infection. Microscopically, bronchopneumonia, peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia, lympho-reticular broncho-occlusive legion, and bleakthrough lesion were examined in the affected lungs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2013

Six English Bull dogs from the same dog training camp were referred with main complaints of stridor, gagging and coughing. Diagnostic imaging studies on these dogs revealed hypoplastic trachea with/without bronchopneumonia. The mean age of affected dogs was $4.83{\pm}2.63$ months, while the mean body weight was $9.03{\pm}5.30$ kg. The mean ratio of the tracheal diameter to the thoracic inlet distance (TD/TI) was $0.085{\pm}0.022$ (normally 0.16 or greater), whereas the mean ratio tracheal diameter to the width of the third rib (TD/W3R) was $1.36{\pm}0.36$ (normally 2 or greater). All dogs had marked inspiratory dyspnea with variable degree of coughing. Of 6 dogs, 4 dogs had either bronchitis or bronchopneumonia. Treatment with antibiotics and bronchodilators made improvement on clinical signs on these dogs. Although some dogs still had mild inspiratory dyspnea (especially after exercise or excitement), most dogs live normally.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1989

The effects of the serum total protein and immunoglobulin levels of the colostrumconferred Korean native calves at 2 days of age on the disease incidence during the suckling period were studied. The results obtained were summerized as follows: 1. Serum total protein, total immunoglobulin, IgG, and IgM levels of 6 Korean native claves died from septicemia were lower than those of calves survived (p<0.05). 2. Korean native calves having low serum total protein and immunoglobulins were affected with diarrhea earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 3. Korea native calves having low serum total protein were affected with bronchopneumonia earlier in life, when compared with calves having high serum levels (p<0.05). 4. Korean native calves having low serum neutralizing antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus had high incidence rate of BVD, when compared with calves having high serum neutralizing antibody titers (p<0.05).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to investigate isolation and antimicrobial drug susceptibility of Pasteurella spp from pneumonic calves and cows (pneumonic lungs) in Gyeongnam south area from January to November 2000. Pasteurella multocida and P haemolytica were isolated 136 (53.8%) and 22(8.7%), respectively, from 158 of 253 pneumonic calves of 1 to 12 months of age and from pneumonic lungs and simultaneous isolation rate of P mutocida and P haemolytica was 4 (1.6%). Seasonal isolation rate of Pasteurella spp in calves and pneumonic lungs varied from 3 to 65.2%, and it was higher in Fall. The majority of biochemical and cultural properties of P multocida and P haemolytica isolated from calves and pneumonic lung were identical to those of the reference strains employed. Pneumonic lesions of the examined lungs were histologically identified as purulent bronchopneumonia and fibrinous pneumonia. All isolates were resistant to penicillin, amikacin, lincomicin, colistin, cloxacilling, sulfonamide, kanamycin, sulfamethoxasoletrimetoprim, and gentamicin(>80%), but some of them were susceptible to amoxicillin, norfloxacin, cephalexin, cefazolin, orbifloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin(>60%).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.359-366
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• 1974

The authors collected epidemiological and clinical informations on 1,307 CO patients from the questionairefilled by attendants of patients and from the clinical records kept in the hospital. All patients were treated by hyperbaric oxygenation at the Hyperbaric Chamber Unit of Seoul National University Hospital during 5 years, from January, 1969 to December, 1973. The following findings were obtained. 1. Female showed higher incidence rate than male. The highest incidence rate was observed in the age group of 15-29 years in both sex. 2. The most important variable influencing the recovery of the patients was the starting time of treatment. It was evident that earlier the starting time, shorter the recovery time. 3. Duration of admission was within 5 days in 57.1 percent of the admitted cases and 76.1 percent of them was discharged within 8 days. 4. As the complications, pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia and trophic changes were observed. Also the neurological disorders were found. 5. The fatality rate followed by the hyperbaric oxygenation was 1.07 percent.