• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

본 연구는 고농도 액상 키토산의 음수 투여가 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 총 7일령의 240수의 육계에 고농도 키토산 0 ppm(대조구), 200 ppm(200) 및 400 ppm(400)을 음용수와 함께 40일간 급여하였다. 증체량과 사료요구율은 28일령까지 차이는 인정되지 않았지만, 그 이후에는 키토산의 음수 투여로 개선되어지는 경향을 보였다. 증체량과 사료 요구율은 29일령에서 35일령 사이에서는 200에서는 개선되는 경향이, 400에서는 유의하게 개선되었다. (p<0.05). 한편 36일령에서 47일령에서는 증체량은 400에서 개선되는 경향이, 200에서는 유의하게 개선되었다(p<0.05). 맹장 내용물 및 분중의 대장균 수는 키토산의 음수 투여에 의해서 감소되었다. 그 효과는 400에서 더 크게 나타났다. 사료중의 건물 및 조지방의 소화율은 키토산의 음수 투여로 개선되어지는 경향이 있었으며, 사료중 조단백질 소화율은 200 및 400 모두 대조구보다 유의하게 개선되었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과에서, 증체량, 사료 요구율, 맹장 내용물과 분중의 대장균 수의 감소 및 영양소 소화율 개선에 고농도 키토산 400 ppm의 음수 투여가 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

본 연구는 한국산 참나무 겨우살이를 육계에 급여하였을 때 생산성 및 혈액 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 실시하였다. 1일령 Ross 수평아리를 4처리 4반복, 반복당 30수씩 총 480수를 공시하였고, 실험 설계는 무항생제 사료, 항생제 첨가 사료, 겨우살이 0.5% 및 1.0% 처리구로 나누어 총 49일간 사육하였다. 실험 전 기간 처리구간에 사료 섭취량과 일당 증체량에 있어서는 유의차가 없었다. 실험 종료시 공장의 길이에 있어서 겨우살이 1.0% 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비해 증가하는 경향이나 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 실험 35일째, 맹장내 살모넬라 균수는 겨우살이를 급여함으로써 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 겨우살이 처리구에서는 대조구(+)에 비해 림프구와 단핵구의 수가 증가하는 경향 또는 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 따라서, 겨우살이의 사료 내 첨가급여는 육계에서 생산성 및 혈액 성상에 아무런 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않아 항생제 대체 물질로서의 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2006

1,225 healthy day-old avian broiler chicks were used to investigate the effects of activated charcoal (AC, made from willow tree), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicates (HSCAS) and esterified glucomannan (EGM) supplementation on broiler performance, blood profiles and meat characteristics when less moldy or moldy corn was included to formulate seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets: Positive Control (less moldy corn diet, PC), PC+2% AC, Negative Control (moldy corn, NC), NC+0.05% EGM, NC+0.1% EGM, NC+0.5% HSCAS and NC+1% AC. PC+2% AC resulted in lower growth rate, poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR), more leg problems and higher mortality of birds than those fed PC diet (p<0.05). Inclusion of 0.05% EGM, 0.1% EGM, 0.5% HSCAS and 1% AC in NC diet did not improve average daily weight gain (ADG) or affect feed intake of birds during the first or the second three-week periods. However, 0.05% EGM tended to (p>0.05) and 0.1% EGM significantly (p<0.05) improved FCR during the first three-week period. Breast meat of NC birds had higher Minolta $L^*$ values (white) but lower $a^*$ (reddish) and $b^*$ (yellowish) values (p<0.01) than the PC birds. Addition of 0.05% EGM and 0.1% EGM in NC diet reduced the $L^*$ values (p<0.05), improved $a^*$ and $b^*$ values (p<0.05) of breast meat of birds fed NC diet, but had no effect on meat color when 0.5% HSCAS or 1% AC was included (p>0.05). Relative weight of liver to body was reduced by feeding NC diet (p<0.05) and could not be normalized by different mycotoxin adsorbents (p>0.05) to the ratio of the PC birds. Relative weight of cholecyst of NC birds was increased compared with PC birds and could only be normalized by addition of 0.05% EGM and 1% AC (p<0.05) in NC diet. NC birds had lower serum albumin level than the PC birds (p<0.05) and addition of 0.05% EGM or 1% AC in NC diet did normalize serum albumin level. Addition of 0.5% HSCAS in NC diet further reduced serum albumin, globulin, total protein and uric acid levels (p<0.05). It was concluded that lower FCR during the first three-week period of growth and deterioration of meat quality observed in bird fed moldy corn with moderate T2 and fuminisin contamination and damaged nutrients and pigment availability, might be improved by dietary supplementation of 0.05% to 0.1% EGM, but not by 1% AC or 0.5% HSCAS supplementation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of pelleted and expanded sorghum-based feeds prepared with different moisture levels and particle size of ingredients on metabolizable energy, ileal digestibility of amino acids and broiler performance. Methods: The experiment was performed with 720 male broiler chicks of the Cobb strain, with treatments of six replications, with 15 birds each; they were arranged in a completely randomized design and $2{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial scheme (pelleted or expanded feed processing, 0.8% or 1.6% moisture addition in the mixer, and particle size of 650 or 850 microns). Results: Higher pellet quality (pellets, % and pellet durability index [PDI]) was obtained in expanded diets and inclusion of 1.6% moisture. The particle size of 850 microns increased the PDI of final diet. All studied treatments had no significant effect on weight gain and broiler carcass and cut yields. Lower feed conversion occurred for birds fed pelleted feed at 42 d. The highest apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (AMEn) values of feed in the initial rearing phase (10 to 13 days) were observed in birds fed pelleted feed or for feed prepared with 1.6% moisture. The highest ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids were obtained with the consumption of pelleted feed prepared with a particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture. Conclusion: Pelleted feed prepared with a milling particle size of 650 microns and 1.6% moisture provided increased ileal digestibility of amino acids and AMEn in the starter period. However, the expanded feed improved pellet quality and feed conversion of broilers at 42 days of age. We conclude that factors such as moisture, particle size and processing affect the pellet quality, and therefore should be considered when attempting to optimize broiler performance.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2007

ME가와 단백질 수준이 백세미 육계의 생산성과 경제성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시중에 판매되는 육계 초이 및 전기 사료를 T1로 하여 전기(starter) 및 육성기(grower) 사료로 각각 이용하였고, T1 사료의 ME가와 조단백 함량을 하향 조정한 세 처리구 등 총 4가지 사료(전기: T1; ME 3,040, CP 21.40%, T2;ME 2,950, CP 20.62%, T3; ME 2,950, CP 19.90%, T4; ME 2,900, CP 18.50% 그리고 후기: T1; ME 3,070, CP 20.86%, T2; ME 3,000, CP 19.70%, T3; ME 3,000, CP 18.70%, T4; ME 2,920, CP 18.00%)를 실용 산란계 암컷(Hy-Line)과 육용 종계 수컷($Ross^{(R)}$)을 인공 수정하여 부화시킨 백세미 초생추 360수(4처리, 6반복, 반복당 15수)에 공시하여 5주간의 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 증체량은 T1구가 다른 세 처리구에 비해 가장 높았고 사료 섭취량 또한 T1구가 가장 높았다. 사료 전환율도 T1구가 가장 좋았다. 생산 지수에서도 T1이 153으로 T2: 112, T3: 108 그리고 T4: 101 보다 유의하게 높았다. 또한 경제성 분석에서도 T1이 다른 처리구에 비하여 현저하게 우수하였으며 kg 증체당 사료비가 가장 낮았다. 그 다음으로 T4, T3, T2 순이었다. 결론적으로 백세미의 증체량과 사료 요구율 및 경제성을 고려할 때 기존의 육계 사료를 급여 시 생산성이 가장 높았으며, 사료의 ME가와 조단백질 함량을 하향 조정할수록 생산성이 저하되었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2010

This study was executed to investigate the effects of drinking deep sea water treated by reverse osmosis process (RO-DSW) on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, relative weight of lymphoid organs and the concentration of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in broiler chickens. A total of 200 one day old broiler chickens (Ross 308) were equally and randomly distributed into 10 ground floor pens (20 chicks per pen, 5 pens per treatment) bedded with rice-husks. The broilers were offered either fresh tap water (Control) or RO-DSW for 28 days (from d 6 to d 33) as the drinking water. The same basal phase 1 diet for first 2 weeks and phase 2 diet for last 2 weeks were offered ad libitum to the birds. The RO-DSW was prepared by diluting 1:20 ratio with deionized water before offering to chickens. The diet for control birds was supplemented with 0.21 % of food-grade salt to satisfy salt need of the birds. Broiler feeding study resulted that there were no differences in amount of water consumption, mortality and FCR between RO-DSW and control chickens. However, feed intake and body weight gain were increased (p<0.05) by RO-DSW drinking. There was no (p>0.05) difference in nutrients utilizability between RO-DSW and fresh water drinking. There were no (p>0.05) differences in the immune response between the control and treatment group. The serum IgG levels were 3.01 vs 2.87 mg/ml and the relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius were 0.23, 0.18 and 0.20 vs. 0.20, 0.17 and 0.14 for RO-DSW vs. control birds, respectively. The immune responses were tended to be improved by RO-DSW drinking. This study showed an improvement in weight gain and feed intake that could be induced by RO-DSW drinking, although it is difficult to explain the reasons of the improvement at this moment. This study implied that RO-DSW could be successfully used as drinking water to broiler chickens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 2020

The present study determined the effect of dietary cultivated microalgae (Parachlorella sp.) on the growth and immune responses of pre-starter broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old birds (Ross 308) were allocated to 4 treatments with 8 blocks in a randomized complete block design. The four experimental diets consisted of a corn-soybean meal-based control diet, and three diets contained 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% microalgae powder at the expense of cornstarch in the control diet. After feeding the experimental diets for 7 days, the body weight and feed intake of all birds were measured, and 8 birds were randomly selected from each treatment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum were harvested for immune profile assessment, including cytokines and cell migration receptors. No differences in growth performance were observed among the treatments. The birds that were fed diets containing graded levels of microalga showed a linear increase in the mRNA expression of cytokine genes in PBMCs, including that of IL2, IL1β, and IL18 (P<0.05). With respect to the chemokine receptor genes in PBMCs, mRNA expression of CCR2, CCR9, and ITGA4 changed quadratically (P<0.05), but that of CCR7 increased linearly (P<0.01). Cytokine protein secretion in blood, including that of IL-1β and IL-6, increased linearly (P<0.01) with an increase in the microalgal content. Overall, the present results show that the indigenous microalgae powder used in this study could stimulate immunity with no detrimental effects on the growth performance of pre-starter broiler chickens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2023

본 연구는 28일령 육계 사료 내 삼채(Allium hookeri) 뿌리를 첨가했을 시 사양성적, 혈청 항산화 효소 활성, 맹장 내 지방산 조성 및 밀착연접(tight junction) 단백질 관련 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 부화 직후 동일한 사양조건과 사료 급여 조건에서 사육한 10일령 수평아리 96수를 공시하여 2처리, 6반복, 반복당 8수로 실험구를 배치하였다. 옥수수-대두박을 기초로 하는 사료를 급이한 대조구와 옥수수-대두박 기초사료에 삼채를 0.3% 첨가한 실험사료를 급이한 처리구로 구성되었다. 28일령에 각 케이지의 중앙값에 해당하는 체중을 지닌 개체를 선별하여 혈액, 맹장 소화물, 공장 조직을 채취하였다. 증체량과 사료섭취량에는 차이가 없었으나 삼채 뿌리를 첨가한 사료를 섭취한 처리구에서 21일령까지 그리고 전체 실험기간 중의 사료효율이 유의하게 높은 결과를 관찰하였다(P<0.05). 삼채 뿌리가 혈청 항산화 효소 활성, 맹장 내 지방산 조성, 밀착연접 단백질 관련 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 육계 사료 내 삼채 뿌리의 첨가는 28일령 육계의 사료효율을 제외한 사양 성적 및 생리적 지표에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.684-692
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• 2011

본 연구는 브로일러의 성장능력을 촉진하기 위한 사료 내 이눌로프리바이오틱스의 적정 첨가수준을 결정하기 위하여 수행하였다. 부화 당일 로스계통(Ross 308)의 브로일러 수컷 320수를 4개의 처리구로 완전임의배치하여 35일 동안 사육하였다. 실험처리구는 대조구(무첨가구), 항생제 첨가구(avilamycin 8 ppm), 이눌로프리바이오틱스 200 ppm 첨가구 및 이눌로프리바이오틱스 250 ppm 첨가구로 구분하였다. 브로일러의 체중과 사료섭취량은 두개의 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구가 대조구, 항생제 첨가구 보다도 높았고, 항생제 첨가구는 대조구에 비해서 높았으며 통계적인 유의차가 인정되었다. 전체 실험기간 동안 사료요구율은 대조구가 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구와 비교할 때 유의하게 높았으나 항생제 첨가구와 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구 사이의 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 도체중, 도체율, 가슴살, 다리살의 무게는 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구가 대조구, 항생제 첨가구에 비해서 유의하게 높았고, 이눌로프리바이오틱스 200 ppm, 250 ppm 첨가구 사이의 차이는 없었으나 항생제 첨가구는 대조구에 비해서 유의하게 높았다. 복강지방은 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구가 유의하게 감소(19.08~23.30%)하였으며 혈액 면역물질과 흉선, F낭의 무게는 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구가 대조구와 항생제 첨가구에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였다. 장내 유익한 Bifidobacteria와 Lactobacillu는 이눌로프리바이오틱스 첨가구가 대조구와 항생제 첨가구에 비해서 유의하게 증가하였으나 유해한 E. coli와 Salmonella는 그 반대로 나타났으며 통계적인 유의차가 인정되었다. 본 연구는 브로일러의 성장능력 향상을 위한 사료 내 이눌로프리바이오틱스의 적정 첨가수준은 200 ppm에서 결정될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.527-539
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• 1993

To investigate the effects of crude protein and thyroxine on growth performance, nutrient utilizability, carcass composition, the content of total fat and cholesterol in leg muscle, breast muscle and liver, and caloric efficiency in broiler chicks. The experiment involved 3 levels of dietary crude protein (1-3 weeks: 20, 23, 26%; 4-6 weeks: 17, 20, 23%) and 3 levels of thyroxine (0.0, 1.5, 3.0 mg/kg). In the starting period (1-3 weeks), body weight gain of chicks fed diets containing 26% crude protein and 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine was higher than any other groups, and among thyroxine levels, 3.0 mg/kg thyroxine groups were lower. The best feed efficiency was obtained at 26% crude protein with no thyroxine supplemented or 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine supplemented groups. In the finishing period (4-6 weeks) the highest body weight gain was obtained at 23% crude protein with no thyroxine supplemented group. Feed intake of 17% crude protein with 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine supplemented group was higher than those of the other groups. It was found that the utilizability of crude protein in the starting period, showed the best utilizability at 20% crude protein with 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine group. Increasing crude protein level from 17 to 23%, utilizability of crude fat was decreased. The carcass composition was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by crude protein and thyroxine. Increasing thyroxine level from 0.0 to 3.0 mg/kg, crude protein content was increased whereas, crude fat content was decreased. Chicks fed diet containing 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine showed the lowest total fat content in liver tissue. In breast muscle, it was significantly (p<0.05) affected by crude protein and thyroxine. Present data revealed that the cholesterol content was increased for the chicks fed 3.0 mg/kg thyroxine. It the caloric efficiency, chicks fed a diet containing 20% crude protein with no thyroxine supplementation showed the highest caloric efficiency and the lowest efficiency was from 23% crude protein group with 1.5 mg/kg thyroxine. From this study it may be concluded that crude fat content of carcass could be successfully reduced by dietary supplementation of thyroxine, whereas crude protein content was increased.