• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.257-264
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• 1975

This research was attempted as one of a study for investigating optimum contents of fly ash and briquette ash when they were used as admixtures. In mix designs of mortar, fly ash and briquette ash to cement, each of them, was mixed with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 percent by weight of cement. They were tested for compressive strength, tension strength and bending strength, and these results were summarized as follows; 1. The compressive strength of mortar to add fly ash showed the maximum value at 25 percent. tension strength, 20 percent, bending strength, 15 percent. 2. In case of using briquette ash, compressive strength showed maximum strength at 15 percent. tension strength, 20 percent, bending strength, 20 percent. 3. To add fly ash showed in general more additive effect than to add briquette ash. 4. It was not only to excess standard strength but may be to develop as admixture when briquette ash was used around 20 percent.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 1983

The purpose of this study is to apply in various fields of products economically and practically using the characteristic of ash of holed briquette coal in maximum. According to the test results, the cure rate of ash of holed briquette coal is comparatively late. But it has shown nearly same level of physical properities compared with other fillers except hard clay and grey carbon.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.227-238
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• 1978

Draft of the conbustion gab burning in a briquette gives a great part of driving force to the flue gas in an Korean conventional ondol heating system. The Paper present s how the draft intensity varies for each whole Combustion duration. In this experiment the temperatures of thirty spots In three gas courses of a briquette were measured and the drafts were calculated form those experimental data. The result is that the shorter the combustion duration of a briquette is, the stronger the draft becomes, the intensity of drafts ranging between 0.15mm Aq to 0.26mm Aq.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 1984

To improve the physico-mechanical characteristics of heavy clayey paddy soils(Hwadong series) on Diluvial terrace after application of fine sand and briquette ashes, barley and rice were cultivated for 2 years. The influences of sand and briquette ashes on soil properties and on the crops were summarized as follows: 1. Application of the adding materials could not affect the yield of rice but barley yields were increased significantly about 18-19% in the plots of sand 100t/10a(clay 15% adjusted) and in the plots of briquette ashes. 2. The porosity and the content of water stable aggregates were decreased in the plots of sand and briquette ash adding. The chemical properties were slightly decreased in the plots of sands while the contents of av. $SiO_2$: and extr K were increased in the plots of briquette ashes. 3. Soil mechanical properties such as cone penetration resistance, shearing resistance and plastic index etc. were decreased while the friction resistance increased in the plots of sand and briquette ash treatments. Consequently, the adaptability to mechanization was increased. 4. The content of rice roots in subsoils (10-20cm) were increased in the plots of sand and briquette ash treatments.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 1981

This study was carried out to determine the effect of accelerated curing on the strength of standard sand mortar and briquette ash mortar. The standard sand mortars and the briquette ash mortars made by mixture of the standard sand:cement and the briquette ash:cement at the ratio of 2 : 1, 3: 1 and 4 : 1, respectively, were cured at 4 different temperature of $20^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. The compression and tensil strength of mortars were measured at ${\sigma}_3$, ${\sigma}_7$, ${\sigma}_28$. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. At each age of curing and each curing temperature, the compression and tensile strength of the mortars made by the mixture of cement and standard sand was significantly higher than that of the mortars made by the mixture of cement and briquette ash. But the increasing rate of strength in compression and tension was significantly higher at the mortars of cement and briquette ash than those of cement and standard sand. 2. The strength of mortars which showed lower strength than Korean Standard at ordinary curing temperature was significantly increased and showed higher value than Korean Standard by the accelerated curing at high temperature. The increasing rate of strength by the accelerated curing was higher at the mortars containing less amount of cement than those containing more cement. The hardening of the mortars containing less amount of cement was significantly promoted by the accelerated curing in high temperature. 3. When the briquette ash was substituted for the materials of cement mortar, decline of the mortar strength is. unavoidable. But the enhancement of the mortar strength is still expected by the experimental results that the strength of cement-briquette ash mortar showed an increase of 137.6% by the accelerated curing at $60^{\circ}C$, 164.1% at $80^{\circ}C$ C and 183.8% at $100^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared with the strength of mortar cured at $20^{\circ}C$ for 28 days. 4. As the strength of cement briquette mortar is lower than that of cement standard sand mortar, the cement briquette ash mortar is expected to be increased in strength by the accelerated curing at high temperature. The cement briquette mortar is expected to be utilized to the production of secondary mortar goods or the constructions which need low strength of mortar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.366-379
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter(PM) pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex in Daegu metropolitan region. Methods: The California Puff(CALPUFF) dispersion model, version 5.8, which can estimate the dispersion direction and range of airborn $PM_{10}$ was used to determine the possible areas affected by $PM_{10}$ pollutants emitted from Ansim briquette fuel complex. The CALPUFF modeling with 200 m grid-cell resolution was performed based on $PM_{10}$ emissions estimated from the amount of coal consumption in the fuel complex for four months in 2012. The Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) fields were processed using CALMET to produce CALPUFF-ready meteorological inputs. Also, the distance from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex to the residence of each environmental pneumoconiosis patient was analyzed. In addition, the affecting region of the pollutants emitted from briquette factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex was determined. Results: CALPUFF modeling results showed that the highest concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were found near around the fuel complex. The modeled $PM_{10}$ distributions were characterized by significant decreases in concentration with distance from the complex. Seasonally, the highest concentration of $45{\mu}g/m^3$ was calculated in October which was mostly due to the distinct variation of amount of emission. Additional modeling with the maximum $PM_{10}$ emission of about 88 tons per year in 1986 showed that the highest concentration in October was nearly increased by 8 times than the concentration modeled with emission of 2010. As a result of medical examination and interviews for the residents in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its surroundings, 8 environmental pneumoconiosis patients were found. These patients do not have occupational exposure and history. These patients have lived 0.3~1.1 km area in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its surroundings. Conclusions: Airborne particles emitted from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex can contribute to significant increase in $PM_{10}$ concentration in residential areas near around the complex. Especially, the residents near fuel complex may exposed to the pollutants emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1980

This study was conducted to determine the effect of curing temperature on the strength of briquette ash mortar hardened by cement. The six different kinds of briquette ash mortars were made by mixing the cement : briquette ash, ((cement (90%)+lime (10%)) : briquette ash and cement : standard sand at the ratio of 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:9, respectively and the cu ring temperatures were $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$. The strength of compression, bending and tensile were measured at ${\sigma}_7$ and ${\sigma}_{28}$. The summarized results were as follows. 1. At the ${\sigma}_7$ of 1:2 the compressive strength of the cement : briquette ash and (cement+lime) : briquette ash were 69.3% and 75.1%, respectively of the mortar made of the standard sand. At the ${\sigma}_{28}$ the strength of those materials were 56.4% and 49.0%, respectively. 2. At the ${\sigma}_7$ of 1:2 the tensile strength of the cement : briquette and (cement+lime) : briquette ash were 64.4% and 47.1%, respectively of the mortar made of standard sand. At the ${\sigma}_{28}$ the tensile strength of those materials were 69.6% and 64.8%, respectively. 3. At the ${\sigma}_7$ of 1:2 the bending strength of the cement : briquette ash and (cement+lime) : briquette ash were 46.3% and 65.9%, respectively of the mortar made of the standard sand. At the ${\sigma}_{28}$ the strength of those materials were 89.9% and 96.7%, respectively. 4. The increment of strength per $1^{\circ}C$ increase of curing temperature were on the average $0.92{\sim}1.75kg/cm^2$ of compressive strength, $0.12{\sim}0.16kg/cm^2$ of the tensile strength and $0.21{\sim}0.38kg/cm^2$ of the bending strength.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.380-391
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is to assess airborne particulate matter pollution and its effect on health of residents living near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and its vicinities. Also, this study measured and analyzed the concentration of TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals which influences on the environmental and respiratory disease in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex, Daegu, Korea. Methods: In this study, we analyzed various environmental pollutants such as particulate matter and heavy metals from Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex that adversely affected local residents's health. In particular, we verified the concentration distribution and characteristics of exposure for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ among particulate matters, and heavy metals(Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Mg). In that regard, the official test method on air pollution in Korea for analysis of particulate matter and heavy metal in atmosphere were conducted. The large capacity air sampling method by the official test method on air pollution in Korea were applied for sampling of heavy metals in atmosphere. In addition, we evaluated the concentration of seasonal environmental pollutants for each point of residence in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex and surrounding area. The sampling measured periods for air pollutants were from August 11, 2013 to February 21, 2014. Furthermore, we measured and analyzed the seasonal concentrations(summer, autumn and winter). Results: The average concentration for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ by direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.7, 1.4 and 1.9 times higher than reference region. In analysis results of seasonal concentrations for particulate matter in four direct influence and reference area, concentration levels for winter were generally somewhat higher than concentrations for summer and autumn. The average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were $0.0008{\pm}0.0004{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0141{\pm}0.0163{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0248{\pm}0.0059{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0026{\pm}0.0011{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.0272{\pm}0.0084{\mu}g/Sm^3$, $0.4855{\pm}0.1862{\mu}g/Sm^3$, and $0.3068{\pm}0.0631{\mu}g/Sm^3$, respectively. In particularly, the average concentrations for Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe, and Zn in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were 1.9, 3.6, 2.1, 1.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 1.2 times higher than reference area, respectively. The continuous monitoring and management were required for some heavy metals such as Cr and Ni. Moreover, the average concentration in winter for particulate matter in direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were generally higher than concentrations in summer and autumn. Also, average concentrations for TSP, $PM_{10}$, and $PM_{2.5}$ were from 1.5 to 2.0 times, 1.2 to 1.8 times, and 1.1 to 2.3 times higher than reference area, respectively. In results for seasonal atmospheric environment, TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metal concentrations in direct influence area were higher than reference area. Especially, the concentrations in C station were a high level in comparison with other area. Conclusions: In the results, some particulate matters and heavy metals were relatively high concentration, in order to understand the environmental pollution level and health effect in surrounding area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex. The concentration of some heavy metals emitted from direct influence area at Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex were relatively higher than reference area. In particular, average concentration for heavy metals in this study were higher than average concentrations in air quality monitoring station for heavy metal for 7 years in Deagu metropolitan region. Especially, the residents near Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex may be exposed to the pollutants(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, and heavy metals, etc) emitted from the factories in Ansim Briquette Fuel Complex.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.28-33
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• 1981

To survey the present qualities of the molded and to present the base line of qualities in manufacture, the charcoal collected at 27 makers through the nation were examined. The molded charcoal examined in this paper, which is made by carbonization and molding of sawdusts from wood industries, is widely used to kindle holed-coal-briquette. The holed-coal-briquette is utilized in cooking and heating as primary energy source of ordinary households in this country. The average qualities of molded charcoal was as follows; ash content 13.95$\%$, weight 184.6g, density 0.47, time of kindling holed-coal-briquette 65.4 min., calorie 5,790 kcal/kg. The ten makers produced inferior qualities, that was 37 per cent of the 27 makers examined. The base line of qualities of molded charcoal was defined as follows; ash content below 17$\%$, weight above 175 g, falling strength above 300 mm, calorie above 5,500 kcal/kg.