• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.1113-1116
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• 2008

The application of High Performance Concrete (HPC) for protecting bridge deck concrete with micro-silica, fly-ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag was introduced to North America in the early 1980's. This report introduces the literature reviews of high performance concrete for protecting concrete bridge deck and explains 2-different types of construction methods using this materials. One is high performance concrete overlay method and the other is full depth bridge deck method. Both methods have been successfully applied and demonstrated in north america. Especially, modified high performance concrete overlay method including silica-fume and PVA fiber has been successfully applied in korea also. Therefore, both methods that high performance concrete overlay and full depth bridge deck are considered as reasonable bridge deck protecting methods compared with the conventional bridge deck system using asphalt modified materials.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.5 s.89
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• pp.743-750
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• 2005

High performance concrete containing silica fume for use in bridge deck overlay emerged as a viable type of bridge deck overlay that economic advantage in construction. They have gained acceptance in Europe, America and Canada in a relatively short time due to their low cost. In this study, high-performance concretes containing silica fume were tested and evaluated in the laboratory to assess their applicability for use in bridge deck overlay. It was conducted with experiments of mechanical and durability characteristics in compressive strength, flexural strength, chloride permeability, abrasion resistance, repeated freezing and thawing cycles and deicing salt scaling resistance. Laboratory test result describe that high-performance concrete containing silica fume for bridge deck overlay application shows most outstanding capacity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.191-196
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• 2002

The bonding strength of the interface between the actual bridge concrete deck and overlay was primarily affected by the shear that depended on the flexural behavior than pure tensile, but the field bonding test measured bonding strength by the pure tensile due to simplicity and field applicability. Therefore, the purpose this study was to evaluate the required direct bond strength for bridge deck overlay using Finite element analysis with the many variavles such as bridge deck types, span length, material properties, lanes, and loading types. The commercial program LUSAS was used in analysis. The analysis results were compared to the value of specification currently used in highway construction site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

In order to develop high performance concrete that overcome defects of asphalt and latex modified concrete for bridge deck overlay, this study aims to evaluate durability performance of concrete slab for bridge deck overlay. The present study is an exploratory research concerned with evaluation of two types of high performance concrete for bridge deck applications. This study is composed of a set of experiments, including static loading test and fatigue test and compared with data of defection, crack, concrete and steel strain. Also, experimental results were verified with analytical models by ABAQUS program. But overall behaviors of all specimens are comfortable, so those take sufficient load carrying capacity and high stiffness in cyclic load.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2010

Latex modified concrete (LMC) exhibits improved material properties including high tensile strength and durability compared with conventional concrete, and hence LMC has been used as protective layers over the bridge deck slabs to increase their service life with underlying assumption of excellent bond behavior between the LMC overlay and the concrete substrate. In this study, the effect of the primary parameters of the concrete substrate (i.e., shrinkage, stiffness and cracking capacity) as well as the LMC overlay thickness on the probability of cracking of the bridge deck slabs using LMC overlays was investigated by carrying out the finite element analysis that simulated the bond behavior of LMC overlays on normal strength concrete (NSC) and HPC bridge deck slabs. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, it is concluded that the relatively high shrinkage strains and stiffness of HPC slabs can increase its probability of cracking in bridge deck slabs using LMC overlay.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

This research was performed to evaluate physical properties of polysulfide epoxy overlay material for bridge deck as part of a review for possibility of domestic application of polymer concrete for bridge deck pavement. In order to evaluate strength characteristics, compressive strength, flexural strength and bond strength were tested, and, for durability characteristics, chloride ion penetration resistance and freeze/thaw resistance were tested along with ultraviolet rays impact evaluation. The tests showed that the results met the criteria suggested by the American Concrete Institute in terms of compressive strength, flexural strength and bond strength. However, in terms of the strengths measured at various test temperatures, it was found that the epoxy material was highly dependent on temperature, and, therefore, this should be considered at the time of domestic application of the epoxy material later. Deflection characteristics was checked through flexural strength test and it was found that bridge deck pavement using the epoxy material was excellent compared to bridge deck pavement using asphalt. Furthermore, the results of chloride ion penetration resistance test and freeze/thaw resistance test were also excellent. In the evaluation of ultraviolet rays impact on epoxy slurry mixture, reduction of strain was noticed with increased strength, but the deflection characteristics after exposure to ultraviolet rays was better than the existing acryl polymer concrete. Therefore, it is concluded from the research that the polysulfide epoxy overlay material has the physical properties that are appropriate to pavement of bridge deck.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.3 no.3 s.9
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• pp.135-146
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• 2001

This study focused on the investigation of compressive and flexural strengths development, and bond strength of latex modified concrete in order to validate the feasibility of application into concrete bridge deck overlay. Pull-out bond test was used for evaluating the bond strength of latex modified concrete to substrate. The main experimental variables were latex-cement ratio, surface preparation and moisture levels. The compressive strength of latex modified concrete decreased slightly and the flexural strength increased as the latex content increased from 5% to 20%. This might be due to the flexibility latex filled in voids and interconnections of hydrated cement and aggregates by a film of latex particles, respectively. In general, increasing the amount of latex will produce concrete with increased tensile and flexural strength and lower modulus of elasticity. Significant improvements in bond strength between new and existing concrete were achieved through the modification of the new concrete bridge deck overlay by latex polymers. The effect of surface preparation on bond of latex modified concrete to conventional concrete were significant at the conditions by sand paper and wire brush. A better bond could be achieved by rough surface rather than smooth. The saturated condition of surface is the most appropriate moisture level among the considered followed by dry condition and wet condition.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.4 s.88
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to optimize the use of mineral admixtures (silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag) in high-performance concrete for bridge deck overlay. For this purpose, high-performance concrete, incorporating mineral admixtures, was tested for compressive strength and permeability. The Box Behnken design was used to determine the optimum mix proportions of the mineral admixtures. The optimized mix compositions were then technically evaluated. Test results are compare with the performance specification for high performance concrete overlay on bridge deck. The optimum mix proportions were shown to possess acceptable properties. Also, it is possible to save the construction and materials costs result from a reduction In actual material cost and from the use of widely avaliable truck mixers instead of mobile mixers.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.483-486
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• 2007

The present study is an exploratory research concerned with evaluation of three types of high performance concrete for bridge deck applications. These include A-Type (silica fume 6%), B-Type (silica fume 6% plus fly ash 20%), C-Type (silica fume 6% plus blast-furnace slag 40%). Test results compare with Latex modified concrete (LMC) and Ordinary portland cement concrete (OPC). The results indicates that high performance concrete for bridge deck overlay shows the excellent mechanical and durability performance for LMC and OPC in case of static loading test. Analytical results are similar with experimental results. However there are relative errors of $1{\sim}4mm$ for deflection and maximum 12% for strain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1063-1068
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• 2000

Latex modified concrete (LMC) has grown to be accepted as a standard material of construction overlaying bridge decks in America due to its superior physical and chemical properties. The properties of latex, combined with the low water-cement ratio, produce a concrete that has improved flexural, tensile, and bond strength, lower modulus of elasticity, increased freeze-thaw resistance, and reduced permeability compared to conventional concrete of similar mix design. LMC overlays have been service in excellence for 30 years on thousands of bridge in U.S.A. This may, also, prolong the life cycle of bridge deck once it is adopted in Korea. The self-contained, mobile, continuous mixer is most appropriate particularly for concrete quality assurance. Assuring quality on a bridge deck overlay project should begin in the design phase and continue after the construction is completed. Quality should be the concern of everyone involved-owner, designer, and contractor.