• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

Incubation routine and sex role of Streaked Shearwaters Calonectris leucomelas at Sasudo Island, in Jeju, South Korea, were studied during the incubation period, June to August in 2002. Incubation routine in Procellariiformes represents a sequence of alternating shifts taken in turn by female and male in a species-specific pattern. Hence, coordination of individual incubation rhythms between partners is crucial for successful breeding attempt. In Streaked Shearwaters, incubation routine represents a sequence of alternating shifts taken in turn by male and female. The first incubation shift was made by male after female had laid the egg. The mean incubation period was 50.8 days until hatching. Males had spent on average 26.5 days incubating and females 24.3 days accordingly. The mean duration of incubation shifts decreased progressively from 6th and 7th shift to hatching. Overall, males had spent more time incubating than females during the incubation period, but the mean duration of the incubation shift 5.6 days for males and 5.7 days for females did not differ between males and females. There were no effect of the body size of the breeding pair on incubation performance. For males the mean of body weight decreased during the incubation, whereas for females it remained approximately stable. In Streaked Shearwaters, the duration of incubation shift and subsequent foraging trip are related to loss of body weight during the period of fasting. In addition, coordination of individual incubation rhythms affects their incubation behaviour.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2017

This study is to compare the effect of estrus synchronization and embryo transfer between Korean and Mongolian cattle. Embryos were collected from 9 donors housed in Asan city in South Chungcheong Province, South Korea. Embryos were collected 9 donors from Khushaat sum, Selenge province and Bayanchandmani sum, Tov province in Mongolia. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) and Prostaglandin (PG) were used for superovulation. Subsequently, Artificial Insemination (AI) was done for donor cow and embryo was collected after 7 and 8 days. Collected embryos were compared between Mongolian and Korean cattle. Finally, good quality and fresh embryos were transferred to 50 and 22 recipients of cows in Korea and Mongolia respectively. The findings show that Korean native cattle each donor cow produced on an average 16.9 embryos and, 10.9 embryos were found transferable. But in case of Mongolia the average production of embryos per donor cow was 8.6 embryos and, 6.2 embryos were found transferable. Embryo collection after 7 and 8 days was not difference in embryo production in Korea. But, in Mongolia embryo production after 8 days was found more efficient than the 7 days. Korean native recipient's cows (74.6%) and Mongolian recipient's cows (71.0%) respectively were found transferable ovarian stage. The result suggested that efficiency of embryo production from the superovulation method treated of Korean cow were higher than the Mongolian cow. The pregnancy rate of Korea native cattle was 72%, which was about 10% higher than that of Mongolia cattle.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

The demand for food rises proportionally as population grows. To be able to achieve sustainable supply of livestock products, efficient farm management is a necessity. With the advancement in technology it also brought innovations that could be harness in order to achieve better productivity in animal production and agriculture. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) is a budding concept of making use of smart sensors or available devices to automatically and continuously monitor and manage livestock production. With this concept, this paper introduces a swine management system that integrates image processing technique for weight monitoring. This system captures pig images using camera, evaluate and estimate the weight base on the captured image. It is comprised of Pig Module, Breeding Module, Health and Medication Module, Weighr Module, Data Analysis Module and Report Module to help swine farm administrators better understand the performance and situation of the swine farm. This paper aims to improve the management in both small and big livestock raisers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.471-481
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• 2021

Objective: A comprehensive study was conducted to study the effects of partition of variance on accuracy of genetic parameters and genetic trends of economic traits in Vanaraja male line/project directorate-1 (PD-1) chicken. Methods: Variance component analysis utilizing restricted maximum likelihood animal model was carried out with five generations data to delineate the population status, direct additive, maternal genetic, permanent environmental effects, besides genetic trends and performance of economic traits in PD-1 chickens. Genetic trend was estimated by regression of the estimated average breeding values (BV) on generations. Results: The body weight (BW) and shank length (SL) varied significantly (p≤0.01) among the generations, hatches and sexes. The least squares mean of SL at six weeks, the primary trait was 77.44±0.05 mm. All the production traits, viz., BWs, age at sexual maturity, egg production (EP) and egg weight were significantly influenced by generation. Model four with additive, maternal permanent environmental and residual effects was the best model for juvenile growth traits, except for zero-day BW. The heritability estimates for BW and SL at six weeks (SL6) were 0.20±0.03 and 0.17±0.03, respectively. The BV of SL6 in the population increased linearly from 0.03 to 3.62 mm due to selection. Genetic trend was significant (p≤0.05) for SL6, BW6, and production traits. The average genetic gain of EP40 for each generation was significant (p≤0.05) with an average increase of 0.38 eggs per generation. The average inbreeding coefficient was 0.02 in PD-1 line. Conclusion: The population was in ideal condition with negligible inbreeding and the selection was quite effective with significant genetic gains in each generation for primary trait of selection. The animal model minimized the over-estimation of genetic parameters and improved the accuracy of the BV, thus enabling the breeder to select the suitable breeding strategy for genetic improvement.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.397-408
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• 2011

The study was carried to identify the impact on nation-wide genetic evaluation and to obtain basic materials for the development of strategies in Swine Improvement Network Project (SINP). Data consisted of pedigree records of 235,511 and performance records of 70,747 for Duroc from 1987 to 2010 were collected by Korea Animal Improvement Association. Performance traits included three point back fat thickness (Shoulder, Belly, Waist), loin area, days to 90 kg and average daily gain. Exchange of genetic resources cross the breeding farms was not high, and furthermore the sizable farms which can accommodate genetic evaluation within the farm were scarce. Three data sets (individual farm evaluation: I, two sub-group evaluation: S, and whole eight farm evaluation: P) were used for genetic analysis. Genetic variances were larger in subordinate farms than in joiners farms for connectedness, and consequently the heritabilities were generally higher in subordinate farms than in joiner farms with I. The standard errors of heritability were small in the order of I, S and P. Estimated average inbreeding coefficients were 1.12%, 0.95% and 1.53% for joiner and subordinate group with S and population with P, respectively. The estimated correlations of breeding values with I and P were lowest. The correlations of breeding values with I and P for traits ranged 0.22 to 0.45 for moved parent animals and 0.24 to 0.72 for all animals. The results in the study suggest that nation-wide evaluation uses more pedigree information and improves accuracy. Furthermore SINP for connectedness could help to improve the accuracy of evaluation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

Rice ratooning is the production of a second rice crop from the stubble left behind after the main-crop harvest. The main advantage of rice ratooning is that in areas where rice is the main crop, double crop of rice can be grown for additional returns. Eight cultivars of rice were tested for estimation their ratooning ability. The main crop was harvested at mass maturity, after which the tillers were mowed to stubbles of about 10 cm tall. And then left without any further input, until the ratooned plant were ready for harvest. Highly significant variations were detected in the ratoon performance among cultivars, with ratoon ability ranging from 0% ('Unkwang', 'Jopeyong', 'Odae', 'Nokyang') to 33% ('Jinbuol') in their grain yield. The maximum grain yield from ratoon rice was 202 and 203 kg/10a for 'Jinbuol' and 'Joun' followed by 'Junamjoseng' 174kg/10a. Protein and amylose contents of ratoon rice were more increased than those of main rice. The platability value of cooked rice of ratoon was lower than that of main crop. Germination rate of the previous year's harvest of rice was not significantly different between ratoon and main crop. This rice ratooning system requires short duration, creating possibility for growing another crop in the same cropping year and offers an opportunity to increase cropping intensity per unit of cultivated areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1512-1512
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• 2001

The University of Cordoba conducts since 1991 a breeding program to obtain new olive cultivars from intraspecific crosses. The objective is to obtain new early bearing and high-quality cultivars. In plant breeding, many seedlings must be tested to increased the chance of getting desirable genotypes. Therefore, fast, cheap and accurate methods of analysis are necessary. The conventional laboratory techniques are costly and time-consuming. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can satisfy the characteristics requested by plant breeders and offers many advantages such as the simultaneous analysis of many traits and cheap cost. The objective of this work was to asses the performance of NIRS to estimate oil fruit components (fruit weight, flesh moisture, flesh/stone ratio and oil flesh content in dry weight basis) and fatty acid composition in olive fruit. Genotypes from reciprocal crosses between ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’ cultivars have been used in this study. A total of 287 samples, each from a single plant, were scanned using a DA-7000 Diode Array VIS/NIR Analysis System (Perten Instruments), which covers the visible and NIR range from 400-1700 nm. All samples were analysed for fatty acid composition (gas chromatography) and 220 for oil fruit components (oil content by nuclear magnetic resonance), 70% and 30% of samples were randomly assign for the calibration and validation sets respectively. The preliminary results shows that calibration for palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were highly accurate with calibration and validation values of $r^2$ from 0.85 to 0.95 and 0.76 to 0.91 respectively. Calibration for palmitoleic and estearic acids were less accurate, probably because of the narrow range of variability available for these fatty acids. For the oil fruit components, calibration were high accurate for flesh moisture and oil flesh content in dry weight basis ($r^2$ higher than 0.90 in both calibration and validation sets) and less accurate for the other characteristics evaluated. The first results obtained indicate that NIRS analysis could be an ideal technique to reduce the cost, time and chemical wasted necessary to evaluate a large number of genotypes and it is accurate enough to use for pre-selecting genotypes in a breeding program.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate phenotypic characteristics, morphometric measurements, reproduction and production performances of Aseel chicken of Bangladesh. The dominant feather color of neck/hackles was red in both males (56.14%) and females (54.16%) while the sickle feather color was mostly black in both chickens (71.93% vs. 54.17%). The predominant saddle and breast feather colors were red (40.35%) and black (64.91%), respectively, in male whereas most frequent observed color was pale brown in female (58.33 and 50.0%, respectively). The predominant feather color of wing bow and wing bay was found black (68.42 and 80.70%, respectively) in male but only pale brown color was observed in females (62.5 and 54.17%, respectively) for these two characters. Different phenotypic measurements such as the average shank length and circumference were $12.79{\pm}0.13$ and $7.8{\pm}0.08$ cm, respectively, in male and $10.21{\pm}0.25$ and $5.81{\pm}0.21$ cm, respectively, in female. Keel length was $14.39{\pm}0.19$ cm in male and $10.79{\pm}0.23$ cm in female. The average adult live weight in male was measured $3749.12{\pm}83.44$ g while in female it was $2062.50{\pm}105.26$ g. The age of 1st lay was found to be 28.86 weeks. Total number of eggs laid per year ranged between 24~48, number of clutch/hen/year varied from 2 to 4 and number of eggs/clutch/hen was found to be 10~12. The average live weight of Aseel chicken at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 17 weeks of age were recorded as $31.14{\pm}0.55$, $48.63{\pm}3.99$, $116.57{\pm}5.72$, $138.40{\pm}5.91$, $212.88{\pm}4.82$, $361.00{\pm}9.72$, $577.50{\pm}42.86$, $743.75{\pm}24.65$, $1086.00{\pm}26.02$, $1402.00{\pm}24.54$ and $1432.00{\pm}27.00$ g respectively. Finally, this phenotypic characterization as well as productive and reproductive performances of Aseel chicken will give the baseline information to researcher for further study and for planning any on-ward conservation and implement strategy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.517-522
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• 2003

Scrotal measurements and semen production records of 19,742 during 7 years from 63 Hanwoo breeding bulls(6${\sim}$7 years of age) were used to determined the relationship between scrotal circumference(SC) and semen production including concentration and total number of sperm. The average of SC is 41.2$\pm$4.54cm; extreme ranges between a low of 34cm to a high of 48cm. Quantity of semen, concentration and total number of sperm are 5.47$\pm$0.89ml/ejaculation, 16.16${\pm}2.78{\times}10^8$/ml and 88.47${\pm}15.24{\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen production(0.14 with quantity of semen and 0.15 with total number of sperm). Reproduction data from 16 breeding bulls produced 1,289 offspring from spring 1993 to spring 2000 to examined relationship between SC and reproduction. Rate of fertility and delivery are 0.80$\pm$0.13 and 0.78$\pm$0.15, respectively. Also, SC is positively correlated with delivery rate(r=0.26) and favorably related to fertility rate(r=0.39). These results, that is, - SC correlates positively with semen production and with reproduction -, suggested that SC should be considered when selecting breeding bull.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.640-647
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• 2012

A metabolomic study was conducted to identify key metabolic components, which are correlated with the growth of 4-year-old Pinus koraiensis seedlings harvested at actively height growing season (May 18th). Among 105 individual metabolites identified by GC/MS analysis, alanine, threonine, oleic acid, and butanoic acids were negatively correlated with both height and weight of 4-year-old seedlings, while malic acid, xylose, glucose, d-turanose and inositol had positive correlation with various growth parameters. During the actively growing season, the concentrations of both amino acids and organic acids in the main stem of Superior seedling group were lower but the photosynthates such as mono-saccharide and sucrose were higher than in other seedling groups such as Intermediate and Inferior. Interestingly, d-turanose, an analogue of sucrose that is not metabolized in higher plants but used as carbon source by many organisms including numerous species of bacteria and fungi, showed the highest correlation (r=0.896, p<0.001) with height of 4-year-old seedlings, indicating that possible interaction with mycorrhizal organisms. Therefore we suggest that several metabolites selected in this study may be used as metabolic markers for complex traits in P. koraiensis.