• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-184
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of breathing biofeedback training on the stress of nursing students in clinical practice. The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study were 39 nursing students from the College of Nursing of K University. The study was conducted from July 20 to September 3, 1998. The subjects were assigned to one of two groups : the experimental group (19 students), and the control group (20 students). The breathing biofeedback training was performed 12 times with the experimental group. The level of psychological stress was measured using the State Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood State, and Visual Analogue Stress Scale. The level of physiological stress was measured using pulse rate and blood pressure. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, t-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) State anxiety scores were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 2) Profile of mood state scores were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 3) Visual Analogue Stress Scale scores were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training(F=11.68, p=0.002). 4) Pulse rates were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. 5) Systolic blood pressures were significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training(F=5.44, p=0.025). 6) Diastolic blood pressures were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group after the biofeedback training. On the basis of the above findings, the following recommendations for further study are made ; 1) Identification of the effects of breathing biofeedback training at times of high stress during clinical practice. 2) Identification fo the effects of stress reduction according to the frequency of the breathing biofeedback training.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1295-1303
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to determine the effects of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback on stress, immune response, and quality of life. Method: The study design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental design. Twenty-five breast cancer patients who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled. The experimental group(n=12) was provided with abdominal breathing training using biofeedback once a week for 4 weeks. State anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, serum cortisol, T cell subsets(T3, T4, T8), NK cell and quality of life were measured both before and after the intervention. Result: Though state anxiety, cancer physical symptoms, and serum cortisol were reduced after 4 weeks of abdominal breathing training using biofeedback, there was no statistical significance. It showed, however, improvement in quality of life (p=.02), and T3(p=.04). Conclusion: Abdominal breathing training using biofeedback improves quality of life in breast cancer patients after a mastectomy. However, the mechanism of this beneficial effect and stress response requires further investigation with special consideration in subject selection and frequency of measurement. Nurses should consider this strategy as a standard nursing intervention for people living with cancer.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of biofeedback training on the perceived stress, stress response, and academic resilience of nursing students. Methods: The research used a randomly assigned control group pretest-posttest design. The study participants were 34 senior students from the College of Nursing of S University. The study was conducted from March to April 2012. The biofeedback training conducted in this study consisted of eight sessions, each divided into two stages: 15 minutes each for breathing biofeedback training and electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. Results: We found statistically significant decreases in perceived stress and EMG levels and an increase in academic resilience in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results showed that the biofeedback training for the nursing students was extremely effective in reducing their levels of perceived stress and EMG while increasing academic resilience. To clarify the effects of biofeedback training on the biological stress response, participants with a higher level of stress response should be recruited in future studies.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2003

Purpose: To improve self-management in elderly people with hypertension, the researcher examined the effects of an abdominal relaxed breathing exercises using biofeedback on blood pressure. These exercises regulate physical response to stress and lessen the activity of sympathetic nerves. Method: A single-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Eight elderly people with hypertension participated in the study from April, 6 to June, 14, 2000. Biofeedback was done with soft ware by developed by J & J Company (1-410 form for abdominal respiration training). The abdominal relaxed breathing exercises are based on Mason's suggestion (1985) and were modified by Yu & Song(2001). This program consisted of 4 sessions once a week for four weeks. Data were analysed using SPSSPC+(10.0). Result: There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over three different times. There was a significant difference in the level of total stress response, overall health and quality of life but no significant difference in the level of emotional condition over three different times. Conclusion: The results of this study will contribute to the development of nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure in older people as the exercises are easy to learn and are a nonpharmacologic approach.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.794-798
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• 2018

There is a growing need for a care system that can continuously monitor, manage and effectively relieve stress for modern people. In recent years, mobile healthcare devices capable of measuring heart rate have become popular, and many stress monitoring techniques using heart rate variability analysis have been actively proposed and commercialized. In addition, respiratory biofeedback methods are used to provide stress relieving services in environments using mobile healthcare devices. In this case, breathing information should be measured well to assess whether the user is doing well in biofeedback training. In this study, we extracted the heart beat interval signal from the PPG and used the oscillator based notch filter based on the IIR band pass filter to track the strongest frequency in the heart beat interval signal. The respiration signal was then estimated by filtering the heart beat interval signal with this frequency as the center frequency. Experimental results showed that the number of breathing could be measured accurately when the subject was guided to take a deep breath. Also, in the timeing measurement of inspiration and expiration, a time delay of about 1 second occurred. It is expected that this will provide a respiratory biofeedback service that can assess whether or not breathing exercise are performed well.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2018

Objective: To determine if the provision of visual biofeedback using real-time rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) enhances the acquisition and retention of diaphragm muscle recruitment during exercise. Design: Two group pretest posttest design. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were randomly assigned to the verbal feedback group (VG, n=15) or the visual and verbal feedback group (VVG, n=15). The VG performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback, and the VVG also performed breathing exercises 10 times with verbal feedback and visual feedback with the use of RUSI to measure changes in diaphragm thickness (DT). For DT, the mid-axillary lines between ribs 8 and 9 on both sides were measured in standing, and then the chest wall was perpendicularly illuminated using a linear transducer with the patients in supine to observe the region between rib 8 and 9 and to obtain 2-dimensional images. DT was measured as the distance between the two parallel lines that appeared bright in the middle of the pleura and the peritoneum. After one week, three repetitions (follow-up session) were performed to confirm retention effects. Intra- and between- group percent changes in diaphragm muscle thickness were assessed. Results: In the VVG, the intervention value had a medium effect size compared to the baseline value, but the follow-up value decreased to a small effect size. In the between-group comparisons, during the intervention session, the VVG showed no significant effect on percent change of DT but had a medium effect size compared to the VG (p=0.050, Cohen's d=0.764). During the follow-up session, retention effect did not persist (p=0.311, Cohen's d=0.381). Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback and improve performance and retention in the ability to activate the diaphragm muscle in healthy subjects. Future research needs to establish a protocol for respiratory intervention to maintain the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training using RUSI with visual feedback.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.143-157
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• 2005

Objective : It is a presentation of theoretical, clinical. historical foundation about using biofeedback in oriental medicine. Methods : We generalize definition, explanation, history and clinical application of biofeedback and study community with and clinical practice in oriental medical theory, referring to The neurofeedback book-An introduction to Basic Concepts in Applied Psychophysiology published by Michacl Thompson & Lynda Thompson Results : We acquire possibilities of application in oriental medicine as follows. 1. It is a view of treatment for the whole man not separating body and mind. 2. It make much of yin-ping-yang-bi(陰平陽秘) and spontaneous cure in the human body. 3. It make much of a curer's mental condition through dao(道). 4. It make much of a breathing corresponding to nature. 5. We make use of it in diagnosis and evaluation of disease. 6. It is psychologic treatment of self-leading. Conclusions : Biofeedback is expected that usefully applied to oriental psychotherapy of Kyungja-pyungji therapy(驚者平之療法). Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung therapy(五志相勝療法), Qigong therapy(氣功療法), Autogenic relaxation Training(自律弛緩療法) basing on oriental medical theory not separating body and mind.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

건강한 사람들은 복잡한 양상의 심박동수 변이 (Heart rate variability, 이하 HRV)를 보이는데, 이것은 생체의 항상성 유지를 위한 반응을 반영한다. 0.1Hz 내외의 속도로 호흡하도록 바이오피드백 훈련을 하면 호흡 동성 부정맥(Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, 이하 RSA)이 극대화되면서 심박동수 변이의 강도가 증가한다. 이러한 효과를 극대화하려면 압반사계에 의해 자연스럽게 발생하는 것으로 추정되는 리듬과 호흡동성 부정맥(RSA)사이의 동조가 일어나는 지점까지 호흡 속도를 늦춰야 한다. 기구를 이용한 바이오피드백 훈련을 통해 각자에게 알맞은 최적의 호흡 속도를 찾을 수 있다. 본고에서는 RSA 바이오피드백 원리에 따른 훈련 과정과 지침을 요약하여 제시하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.469-484
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• 2011

본 연구는 국가대표 후보 여자양궁선수 3명을 대상으로 체계적인 심박수 바이오피드백기법을 활용한 각성조절훈련을 양궁현장에 적용함으로써 그 효과성을 검증하는 동시에 경기수행력을 향상시키는데 그 목적이 있다. 훈련 프로그램은 국내 외 문헌 분석과 스포츠심리전문가 1인, 양궁 지도자 3인으로 구성된 전문가 회의를 통해 최종 선정되었다. 세부 내용으로는 기초이론교육, 호흡조절법, 점진적 이완기법, 심박수 바이오피드백기법, 인지재구성, 루틴 등이며, 총 24주의 훈련기간을 기초훈련단계, 숙련 1 훈련단계, 숙련 2 훈련단계, 실전훈련단계로 구분하여 실시하였다. 심박수 바이오피드백훈련기기는 (주)스포닉스에서 개발한 심박수 측정기기(XCOACH)를 사용하였다. 훈련의 효과를 분석하기 위해 경쟁상태불안검사지, 국내양궁대회에서의 성적 및 기록, 선수 관찰 및 면담과 선수 자기평가 등이 이루어졌다. 이러한 연구 과정을 통해 분석된 결과, 인지적 상태불안요인과 신체적 상태불안요인의 평균점수는 낮아졌으며, 자신감요인은 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 양궁대회에서의 성적 및 기록 역시 현저하게 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 선수 관찰, 면담, 자기평가의 분석 결과, 본 훈련에 대한 참여도와 효과 인식도가 매우 높았으며, 훈련에 의해 적용된 각성조절방법을 시합 중에 적극 활용하여 심리적 안정과 최상의 수행력을 발휘하였다. 따라서 심박수 바이오피드백기법을 활용한 각성조절훈련은 양궁선수의 심리기술력과 경기력 향상에 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2008

본 연구는 한국의 사회 문화적 환경과 스포츠 환경들의 생태학적인 타당성을 고려하여 중 고교 양궁선수용 이완훈련 콘텐츠를 개발하고, 이를 현장에 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이완훈련 콘텐츠를 설계 및 개발하기 위해 국내 외 문헌 검토와 기존 훈련 프로그램을 분석하였으며, 스포츠심리학 박사 2인, 양궁 지도자 3인으로 구성된 전문가 회의를 통해 수정 보완과정을 실시하였다. 개발된 이완훈련 콘텐츠의 세부 내용으로는 이완훈련의 기초 교육, 호흡조절법, 근육이완법, 인지 재구성훈련, 명상법, 심박수 바이오피드백훈련, 자생훈련, 행동 수정법, 자기 조절법이다. 연구 대상은 2007년도 양궁 후보선수로 선발된 남 6명(M = 16.45, SD = 2.46)이다. 현장 적용에 대한 효과 검증의 도구로서 경쟁상태불안검사지, 시합 중 선수의 심박수 변화, 양궁 기록, 심층 면담이 활용되었다. 본 연구에서 개발된 이완훈련 콘텐츠의 현장 적용 결과, 신체적 인지적 상태불안이 유의하게 감소하였고, 경쟁 상황 시 이완훈련 실시 전보다 심박수가 낮아졌으며, 면담 결과 신체, 정신적으로 심리적 안정 상태를 느꼈으며 운동 수행에 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 개발된 이완훈련 콘텐츠는 중 고교 양궁 선수의 이완훈련용으로 적합한 것으로 나타났다.