• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of an education program integrating self-efficacy theory and narratives on self-efficacy, knowledge, and resilience in women with breast cancer. Methods: This study employed a nonequivalent control group posttest only design. A 3-day program consisting of sessions in which participants shared their experiences of breast cancer, lectures on breast cancer, and breast self-examinations was implemented. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires in 2013. Results: The mean age of participants was $50.8{\pm}5.3$; approximately half (52.8%) had Stage II breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. The results showed that the levels of self-efficacy, knowledge, and resilience were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that programs integrating self-efficacy theory and narratives would be effective in promoting resilience as well as self-efficacy and knowledge in women with breast cancer. Further studies are needed to identify the effects of such education programs for people with other types of cancer or chronic illnesses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.2989-2993
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• 2016

The commonest cancer in Egyptian females occurs in the breast cfDNA is a non-invasive marker for tumor detetion and prognostic assessment in many types of cancer including breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the role of cfDNA and its fragmentation pattern in breast cancer prognosis and treatment response. Forty female patients with malignant breast tumors and a comparable group of healthy blood donors were enrolled prospectively. cfDNA levels and fragmentation patterns were investigated after cfDNA extraction, gel electrophoresis and gel analysis. The percentage of breast cancer patients positive for cfDNA (92.5%) was significantly higher than that of controls (55%). Also, mean concentration of cfDNA was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). Most Her-2 positive patients had long cfDNA fragments, this being significant as compared to Her-2 negative patients (P<0.05). Metastasis was also positively linked to significantly higher cfDNA (P<0.05) and the mean cfDNA integrity index was significantly higher in non-responders compared to treatment responders (P<0.05). In conclusion, both qualitative and quantitative aspects of cfDNA and its different fragments in breast cancer patients could be related to prognosis, metastasis and treatment response. Long cfDNA fragments could be particularly useful for prediction purposes.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.549-559
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comfort of sports bras by style and bra cup size. The comfort of wear was measured with compression level. The displacement of breast points (BP) after wearing a sports bra was measured. Study subjects evaluated the comfort level of the compression type and encapsulation type sports bras after walking and running. The results showed that all types of experimental sports bras provided more coverage than everyday bras. The compression type bra placed more pressure on the breast, chest, and under-bust than the encapsulation type bra. The BP distance decreased for all types. The C cup subjects' breasts were raised after wearing the sports bras. The B cup subjects had less comfort with the compression style bra than C cup subjects. The racer back style bra with high neckline and small band girth placed more pressure than others. They were difficult to don and doff and the least comfortable. These results imply that the racer back compression style sports bra was uncomfortable for women with large breast, while the encapsulation style bra with the compressing panel at upper chest was the most comfortable. The bras that shortened BP distance placed more pressure on the breast. But the bra that raised and shorted the distance of BP provided better comfort for large-breasted subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.737-752
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• 2018

The frequency of breast augmentation surgery continues to increase annually; however, the method of follow-up care varies from hospital to hospital. In particular, many different types of post-operative bras are available in the market. This study evaluated the wearing comfort of various commercial bras that were worn immediately after breast enlargement surgery prior to the manufacture of the bra. According to interviews of medical professionals and market research, five types of brassiere were selected and evaluated by wearing satisfaction, functional performance, and an external appearance test for 6 subjects with breast augmentation surgery. The evaluation questionnaires were based on a 5 point Likert scale with data analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The study results revealed that the bra with the highest degree of satisfaction was CNB (without bra cup) type. However, the use of CNB type showed dissatisfaction in functional evaluation questions regarding breast shaking and material & tactile sensation. In the future, it is necessary to develop a new post-operative brassiere based on a CNB type bra that showed the best evaluation. However, it is also necessary to identify the merits of the other four experimental bras and reflect these advantages.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.72-86
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• 2022

Volume-up pads are the most common and easiest way to make women with small breasts beautiful. In this study, to develop a volume-up brassiere pad with excellent wearing effects and appearance, 24 different types of volume-up pads commercially available in the online market were investigated and then 11 types were purchased. Among these eleven types, four pads (PAD1, PAD2, PAD3, PAD4) with distinct shapes and materials were selected through a pre-test. They were compared to the newly developed pad for research (PAD5). The results of the study follow. The results of evaluating appearance when wearing the developed pad (PAD5) were significantly higher than that of other pads, and the appearance evaluation score for the full-cup type pad was excellent. In the wearing satisfaction evaluation result, PAD5 showed generally excellent evaluation scores, and in the case of the touch, preference for the fabric material was higher than that of the silicon pad. In the evaluation of motion adaptability, the developed PAD5 showed generally excellent evaluation scores in all movements, indicating that the full-cup type pads had better motion adaptability than the partial-type pads.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.286-295
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• 2000

Nurses play an important role in patient education, including providing patients with useful and appropriate information. The purpose of this study was to explore what particular types of information were important to women diagnosed with breast cancer. Sixty seven women with breast cancer an outpatient clinic in W Christian Hospital responded to the structured questionnaires developed by the investigator. Interviews and mail surveys were used in this study. The findings in this study showed that six kinds of information needs arose, ranked as the signs and symptoms of recurrence, the possibility of recurrence, the possibility of metastasis, treatment, diet and physical activities in daily living. Marital status, level of education, and level of monthly income were not related to level of informational need. Younger women rather than older women had a greater need to seek information(r=-.471, p<.01). There was a significantly negative relationship between duration of disease and the score on information needs(r=-.32, p<.05). The findings have implications that the opportunity to ask questions and have accurate information on the recurrence should be provided to women with breast cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 2007

Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of breast disease is recognized to be highly accurate and cost effective, especially when this is used in combination with clinical examination and imaging as part of a triple approach. A probabilistic/categorical approach is used for the classification of breast FNA specimens. Criteria are defined from the perspective of the likelihood of making a definitive diagnosis of cancer on excision. This approach is an accurate way of classifying breast FNA specimens, and this can be reliably applied regardless of the level of experience of the pathologist for interpreting the case. When a definitive diagnosis of malignancy is made, the next step is to determining the specific histologic types of the malignancy according to their cytological features. In order to make an accurate diagnosis of carcinoma and for correct typing a tumor, an adequate, correctly sampled aspirate without any other artifacts is required.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.113-120
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• 2023

One of the most prevalent disease among women that leads to death is breast cancer. It can be diagnosed by classifying tumors. There are two different types of tumors i.e: malignant and benign tumors. Physicians need a reliable diagnosis procedure to distinguish between these tumors. However, generally it is very difficult to distinguish tumors even by the experts. Thus, automation of diagnostic system is needed for diagnosing tumors. This paper attempts to improve the accuracy of breast cancer detection by utilizing deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN). Experiments are conducted using Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset. Compared to existing techniques, the used of CNN shows a better result and achieves 99.66%% in term of accuracy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.266-271
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• 2020

Breast cancer encompasses a major portion of human cancers and must be carefully monitored for appropriate diagnoses and treatments. Among the many types of breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis and the least cases reported. To gain a better understanding and a more decisive precursor for TNBC, two major histone modifications, an activating modification H3K4me3 and a repressive modification H3K27me3, were analyzed using data from normal breast cell lines against TNBC cell lines. The combination of these two histone markers on the gene promoter regions showed a great correlation with gene expression. A list of signature genes was defined as active (highly enriched H3K4me3), including NOVA1, NAT8L, and MMP16, and repressive genes (highly enriched H3K27me3), IRX2 and ADRB2, according to the distribution of these histone modifications on the promoter regions. To further enhance the investigation, potential candidates were also compared with other types of breast cancer to identify signs specific to TNBC. RNA-seq data was implemented to confirm and verify gene regulation governed by the histone modifications. Combinations of the biomarkers based on H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 showed the diagnostic value AUC 93.28% with P-value of 1.16e-226. The results of this study suggest that histone modification analysis of opposing histone modifications may be valuable toward developing biomarkers and targets for TNBC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1339-1344
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• 2014

Aims: Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been implicated in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. We here evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of mtDNA as a biomarker for breast cancer. Methods: Using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mtDNA levels in serum, buffy coat, tumor, and tumor-adjacent tissue samples from 50 breast cancer patients were determined and assessed for associations with clinicopathological features. To evaluate mtDNA as a biomarker for distinguishing between the four sample types, we created receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The mtDNA levels in buffy coat were significantly lower than in other sample types. Relative to tumor-adjacent tissue, reduced levels of mtDNA were identified in buffy coat and tumor tissue but not in serum. According to ROC curve analysis, mtDNA levels could be used to distinguish between buffy coat and tumor-adjacent tissue samples with good sensitivity (77%) and specificity (83%). Moreover, mtDNA levels in serum and tumor tissue were positively associated with cancer TMN stage. Conclusions: The mtDNA levels in blood samples may represent a promising, non-invasive biomarker in breast cancer patients. Additional, large-scale validation studies are required to establish the potential use of mtDNA levels in the early diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer.