• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권6호
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• pp.471-476
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• 2009

과민성 폐장염은 감수성 있는 사람이 특정 유발물질에 노출됨으로써 폐실질과 말초 기관지에 육아종성 염증을 일으키는 면역질환이다. 과민성 폐장염은 동물성 및 식물성 항원, 저분자 화학 물질, 세균 및 곰팡이 등의 미생물 흡인에 의해 유발 될 수 있으나 본 증례처럼 주사제에 의한 사례는 매우 드물다. 저자들은 특별한 노출력 없는 건강한 여성에서 태반 추출물 주사 후 발생한 과민성 폐장염의 첫 사례를 경험하여 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1311-1315
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• 2012

Objectives: Thrombotic risk is increased in patients with cancer and there are important implications for those who suffer a venous thromboembolism (VTE). We undertook this study to determine the frequency, clinical patterns, and outcome of VTE in Saudi patients with cancer. Methods: Cancer (solid tumors and lymphoma) patients who developed VTE from January 2004 to January 2009 were studied retrospectively. Demographics and clinical characteristics related to thrombosis and cancer were evaluated. Results: A total of 701 patients with cancer were seen during the study period. VTE was diagnosed in 47 (6.7%) patients (median age 52, range 18-80 years). Lower limb DVT was the most common type, seen in 47% patients, followed by PE in 19%, and 19% patients had both DVT & PE. Thrombosis was symptomatic in 72% patients while it was an incidental finding on routine workup in 28%. Cancer and VTE were diagnosed at the same time in 38% of patients, and 47% patients developed VTE during the course of disease after the cancer diagnosis. The majority of VTE post cancer diagnoses occurred during the first year (median 4 months, range 1-14). Additional risk factors for VTE were present in 22 (47%) patients and 14 (30%) of these patients were receiving chemotherapy at the time of thrombosis. Only 5 (10.6%) patients were receiving thrombo-prophylaxis at the time of VTE diagnosis. Most common types of tumors associated with thrombosis were breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lung cancer. The majority of the affected patients (79%) had advanced stage of cancer. After a median follow-up of 13 (range 0.5-60) months, 38 (81%) patients had died. There was no difference in the mortality of patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic thrombosis (82% vs 78.6%). Conclusions: Thrombotic complications can develop in a significant number of patients with cancer, and almost half of the patients have additional risk factors for VTE. Thrombosis is usually associated with advanced disease and can be asymptomatic in more than a quarter of cases. Thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients is under-utilized. Community based studies are needed to accurately define the extent of this problem and to develop effective prophylactic strategies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.610-615
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• 1993

저자들은 colporrhaphy를 목적으로 실리콘 피하주사 후 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원한 2명의 환자에서 기관지폐포세척액 검사, 경기관지 폐생검, 고해상 컴퓨터 단층촬영, 폐동맥조영술 등을 시행하여 폐색전증으로 인한 급성호흡부전으로 진단하고 지지요법만으로 치료한 1예와 사망한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권15호
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• pp.6357-6362
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• 2014

Background: Globally, the overall incidence of cancer is increasing as a result of ageing populations and changing lifestyles. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, especially in the developed nations. Cancers affecting the young population are generally considered uncommon. This study assessed the demography and trends of cancers of the young in Brunei Darussalam, a small and developing Southeast Asia nation. Materials and Methods: All patients diagnosed with cancers between 2000 and 2012 were identified from the cancer registry maintained by the State Histopathology Laboratory. Cancers of the young was defined as any cancers diagnosed under the age of 40 years. Demographic data and the type of cancers were collected and analysed using SPSS Statistics 17.0. Results: Among the 6,460 patients diagnosed with cancer over the study period, 18.7% (n=1,205) were categorized as young with an overall decline in the proportion from 26.6% in 2000 to 18.8% in 2012 (p<0.001 for trend). Among all cancers of the young, the most common systems affected were gynecological (24.1%), hematological/lymphatic (15.8%), subcutaneous/dermatological/ musculoskeletal (10.5%), breast (10.5%) and gastrointestinal (9.9%). Overall, among the different systems, neurological (54.9%) had the highest proportion of cancers of the young followed by gynecological/reproductive (30.6%), hematological/lymphatic (39.9%), endocrine (38.7%), subcutaneous/dermatological/ musculoskeletal (22.3%) and the head and neck region (20.1%). There was a female predominance (66.9%) and the incidence was significantly higher among the Malays (20.1%) and expatriates (25.1%) groups compared to the Chinese (10.7%) and indigenous (16.8%) groups (p<0.001 for trend). Conclusions: Cancers of the young (<40 years) accounted for almost a fifth of all cancers in Brunei Darussalam with certain organ systems more strongly affected. There was a female preponderance in all racial groups. Over the years, there has been a decline in the overall proportion of cancers of the young. Selective screening programs should nevertheless be considered.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.71-75
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• 2012

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent urological malignant tumor in adults and it occurs mostly between the fifth and the sixth decades of life. The male-female ratio is 3:1 and it is more common in smokers. It accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies; 90~95% of neoplasms of the kidney. The classic triad of presenting symptoms of RCC is hematuria, back pain and a mass in the flank. More than 50% of RCCs show metastasis to breast, lung and regional lymph nodes, and 15% present in the orofacialmaxillary region. This case is about a 66 year-old man who was treated for painless swelling in the left masseteric area. The mass was surgically excised and sent for biopsy. It was diagnosed as RCC and two weeks later nephronectomy of the left kidney was performed. Metastasis to other organs was detected and the patient received radiation therapy. In this case we were able to find the primary lesion by the metastatic lesion.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.145-161
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• 1999

The proto-oncogene bcl-2 confers a survival advantage to cells by blocking programmed cell death (apoptosis). Overexpression of bcl-2 probably plays a role in tumorigenesis, and the expression of the bcl-2 protein has been investigated in many kinds of tumors. An increased expression of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) has been observed in human colon cancer cell lines as well as in human gynecological, breast, and CNS tumors. However there have been only a few reports on the expression of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ in oral white lesions and cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of Bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ and several pathological parameters such as histological types and layers. We reported desregulation of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ expression during progression from oral white lesion, lichen planus and leukoplakia to squamous cell carcinoma. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies to bcl-2 oncoprotein and $NOS_2$ in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections revealed that bcl-2 expression is restricted to the basal cell layer and $NOS_2$ was mild expressed only in subepithelial inflammatory cells in normal human mucosa. There wasn't specific finding of those in lichen planus and leukoplakia. 2. Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in severe epithelial dysplasia or CIS occurs throughout the epithelium, $NOS_2$ reactivity in most superficial layer were noted. 3. In well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, mostly bcl-2 was overexpressed. In moderated and poor squamous cell carcinomas, the expression of $NOS_2$ was increased and that of bcl-2 was decreased. 4. The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 was 12.5% of normal mucosa, 30% of leukoplakia, 44% of lichen planus and 67% of carcinoma in situ. In carcinoma, those were 43%, 50% and 67% according to differentiation, respectively. 5. The immunoreactivity of $NOS_2$ was 25% of normal mucosa, 70% of leukoplakia, 78% of lichen planus and 100% of carcinoma in situ and epithelial dysplasia. In carcinoma, those were higher in moderated(100%) and poor(83%) squamous cell carcinomas than in well differentiated type(71%). 6. The expression of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ by Western blot was increased highly in lichen planus and leukoplakia. Therefore, the expression of bcl-2 was increased in the white and precancerous lesions and that was decreased by differentiation of carcinoma. However, $NOS_2$ immunoreactivity in carcinoma in situ was lower than those in moderated and poor squamous cell. These findings suggest that the interaction of bcl-2 and $NOS_2$ may be roled importantly in growth and development of carcinoma.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2014

Salivary duct carcinoma(SDC) is rare malignancy, accounting for approximately 1-3% of all malignant salivary gland tumors. Systemic chemotherapy has been used for stage IV SDC, but there is no consensus on the standard treatment. SDC is histologically similar to ductal carcinoma of breast and often overexpress HER2/neu, hence HER2/neu targeted therapy could be one of treatment options. A 75-year-old Arabian man was diagnosed as SDC of right parotid gland with extensive metastases. He received oral 5-FU as palliative chemotherapy, but he was intolerable to oral chemotherapy due to severe oral mucositis. Considering immunohistochemical stain of tumor tissue showing strong positive for HER2/neu, we decided to administer an anti-HER2/neu antibody, trastuzumab. Follow-up CT scans before the third dose of trastuzumab demonstrated remarkable regression of multiple metastases as well as primary tumor. This case suggests that HER2/neu targeted therapy may be a potential therapeutic option for the SDC patient with overexpression of HER2/neu.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.225-230
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• 1999

In mouse, the heat shock protein 70-2 (hsp70-2) is found to have special function in spermatogenesis. Based on the observation, the hypothesis that human hspA2 (human gene; 98.2% amino acid homology with hsp70-2) might have important function in spermatogenesis in human testes was proposed. To test the hypothesis, we examined the expression of hspA2 in human tissues. Expression vector pDMC4 for expression of the human hspA2 protein using pTricHisB (invitrogen, USA) was constructed and the expressed hspA2 protein was cross-reacted with antiserum 2A raised against mouse hsp70-2 protein. Based on the cross-reactivity, we determined the expression level of hspA2 protein in human tissues by western blot analysis using the antiserum 2A. We demonstrated that antiserum 2A antibodies detected human hspA2 protein with specificity which was produced in the E.coli expression system. On Western blot analyses, significant hspA2 expression was observed in testes with normal spermatogenesis, whereas a low level of hspA2 was expressed in testis with Sertoli-cell only syndrome. Also, a small amount of hspA2 was detected in breast, stomach, prostate, colon, liver, ovary, and epididymis. These results demonstrate that the hspA2 protein is highly expressed in male specific germ cells, which in turn suggests that hspA2 protein might playa specific role during meiosis in human testes as suggested in the murine model. However, further studies should be attempted to determine the function of hspA2 protein in human spermatogenesis.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권12호
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• pp.660-665
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• 2018

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, such as trastuzumab and lapatinib are used to treat HER2-positive breast and gastric cancers. However, as with other targeted therapies, intrinsic or acquired resistance to HER2 inhibitors presents unresolved therapeutic problems for HER2-positive gastric cancer. The present study describes investigations with AUY922, a heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor, in primary lapatinib-resistant (ESO26 and OE33) and lapatinib-sensitive gastric cancer cells (OE19, N87, and SNU-216) harboring HER2 amplification/over-expression. In order to investigate whether AUY922 could overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to HER2 inhibitors in HER2-positive gastric cancer, we generated lapatinib-resistant gastric cancer cell lines (OE19/LR and N87/LR) by continuous exposure to lapatinib in vitro. We found that activation of HER2 and protein kinase B (AKT) were key factors in inducing intrinsic and acquired lapatinib-resistant gastric cancer cell lines, and that AUY922 effectively suppressed activation of both HER2 and AKT in acquired lapatinib-resistant gastric cancer cell lines. In conclusion, AUY922 showed a synergistic anti-cancer effect with lapatinib and sensitized gastric cancer cells with intrinsic resistance to lapatinib. Dual inhibition of the HSP90 and HER2 signaling pathways could represent a potent therapeutic strategy to treat HER2-positive gastric cancer with intrinsic and acquired resistance to lapatinib.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.170-184
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• 2023

Background and Objectives: Several cases involving severe right ventricular (RV) failure in advanced cancer patients have been found to be pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathies (PTTMs). This study aimed to discover the nature of rapid RV failure syndrome with a suspected diagnosis of PTTM for better diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction in clinical practice. Methods: From 2011 to 2021, all patients with clinically suspected PTTM were derived from the one tertiary cancer hospital with more than 2000 in-hospital bed. Results: A total of 28 cases of clinically suspected PTTM with one biopsy confirmed case were included. The most common cancer types were breast (9/28, 32%) and the most common tissue type was adenocarcinoma (22/26, 85%). The time interval from dyspnea New York Heart Association (NYHA) Grade 2, 3, 4 to death, thrombocytopenia to death, desaturation to death, admission to death, RV failure to death, cardiogenic shock to death were 33.5 days, 14.5 days, 7.4 days, 6.4 days, 6.1 days, 6.0 days, 3.8 days and 1.2 days, respectively. The NYHA Grade 4 to death time was 7 days longer in those who received chemotherapy (7.1 days vs. 13.8 days, p value=0.030). However, anticoagulation, vasopressors or intensive care could not change clinical course. Conclusions: Rapid RV failure syndrome with a suspected diagnosis of PTTM showed a rapid progressive course from symptom onset to death. Although chemotherapy was effective, increased life survival was negligible, and treatments other than chemotherapy did not help to improve the patient's prognosis.