• CDE review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.2-7
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• 2014

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2023

Breaking the fourth wall is a very popular concept right now, and depictions of breaking the barrier between virtuality and reality are often used in game advertising. In VR games, game manufacturers describe the experience after breaking the fourth wall as an experiencer who will be completely immersed in the virtual world, as if they are actually living in the virtual world. At the same time, research in the field of traditional drama also shows that breaking the fourth wall can also bring a sense of alienation to the player, allowing the experiencer to clearly realize that he and the character are in a completely different world, and to conduct aesthetic criticism of related works of art.So why there are two completely different feelings after breaking the fourth wall will be the content of this article. This article will focus on the theoretical analysis of the relationship between two different cognitions and two completely different cognitions after breaking the fourth wall. Finally, it will be analyzed from three directions: game perspective, game art style, and different world views of the game. Finally, it was concluded that when players break the fourth wall in the game, these three factors will cause the experiencer to have two completely different cognitions.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

Experimental and numerical investigations were conducted to study the performance of a surface-fixed horizontal porous wave barrier in regular waves. The characteristics of the reflection and transmission coefficients, energy dissipation, and vertical wave force were examined versus different porosities of the barrier. Numerical simulations based on 3D Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with standard low-Re k-ε turbulent closure and volume of fluid approach were accomplished and compared with the experimental results conducted in a 2D wave tank. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations were shown to be in satisfactory agreement. The qualitative wave behavior propagating over a horizontal porous barrier such as wave run-up, wave breaking, air entrapment, jet flow, and vortex generation was reproduced by CFD computation. Through the discrete harmonic decomposition of the vertical wave force on a wave barrier, the nonlinear characteristics were revealed quantitatively. It was concluded that the surface-fixed horizontal barrier is more effective in dissipating wave energy in the short wave period region and more energy conversion was observed from the first harmonic to higher harmonics with the increase of porosity. The present numerical approach will provide a predictive tool for an accurate and efficient design of the surface-fixed horizontal porous wave barrier.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2021

Copper-chromium alloys have been used as contact materials of vacuum interrupters in circuit breakers, but new materials with highly stable performance are required to break the high voltage and high current barrier due to the recent increase in breaking capacity. In this paper, a new contact material was fabricated from a ternary alloy instead of existing Cu-Cr alloys. Its breaking performance and endurance were verified from a synthetic test and compared with that of various contact materials. The test results verified that the breaking performance of the new contact material was excellent.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2002

We fabricated TMR devices which have double oxidized tunnel barrier using plasma oxidation method to form homogeneously oxidized AlO tunnel barrier. We sputtered 10 $\AA$-bottom Al layer and oxidized it by varying oxidation time for 5, 10, 20 sec. Subsequent sputtering of 13 $\AA$ - Al was performed and the matallic layer was oxidized for 120 sec. The electrical resistance changed from 700$\Omega$ to 2700$\Omega$ with increase of oxidation time, while variation of MR ratio was little spreading 27~31% which is larger than that of TMR device of ordinary single tunnel barrier. We calculated effective barrier height and width by measuring I-V curves, from which we found the barrier height was 1.3~1.5 eV, sufficient for tunnel barrier, and the barrier width(<16.2 $\AA$) was smaller than that of directly measured value by the tunneling electron microscopy. Our results may be caused by insufficient oxidation of Al precursor into $Al_2O_3$. However, double oxidized tunnel barriers were superior to conventional single tunnel barrier in uniformity and density. We found that the external magnetic field to switch spin direction of ferromagnetic layer of pinned layer breaking ferro-antiferro exchange coupling was increased as bottom layer oxidation time increased. Our results imply that we were able to improve MR ratio and tune switching field by employing double oxidized tunnel barrier process.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.391-395
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• 1986

MNDO calculations were carried out to determine reactant complexes and transition states of the $S_N2$ reactions of $CH_3X\;+\;Y^-\;{\to}\;CH_3Y\;+\;X^-$ where X = F, Cl, CN and Y = CN, OH, F, Cl. The leaving group ability was found to vary inversely with the activation barrier, which in turn was mainly ascribable to the deformation energies accompanied with bond stretching of C-X bond and inversion of $CH_3$ group. The nucleophilicity was shown to be in the order $Cl^->F^->OH^->CN^-$ but the effect on the activation barrier was relatively small compared with that of the leaving group. The bond breaking and bond formation indices and energy decomposition analysis showed that the TS for the reaction of $CH_3$Cl occurs in the early stage of the reaction coordinate relative to that of $CH_3$F. It has been shown that the potential energy surface (PES) diagrams approach can only accommodate thermodynamic effects but fails to correlate intrinsic kinetic effects on the TS structure.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.631-632
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• 2006

This paper is written by research for the transient characteristics of the Single-phase Line-start permanent Magnet. The Single-phase Line-start permanent Magnet is most likely to substitute for Single-phase Induction Motor which is used about many appliance currently, because that has good points. For example, It has a Line-start of ability and a High-efficiency. And it need not power convergence device. The rotor of The Single-phase Line-start permanent Magnet has cage-bar with permanent magnet. This motor is started by cage-bar. When it entered synchronous condition, the rotor is rotated by the permanent magnet. But the design of the permanent magnet is very important, because the breaking torque of the permanent magnet interrupt to start a rotor. Finally, if Flux Barrier is not concerned, we do not get result of our object. Therefore this thesis is concerned about Flux Barrier.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1982

Traditional methodologies for ergonomic evaluation are too laborious to be accepted broadly. CAD flex- flexibility and its ease can be a key to breaking this barrier. In this paper, a biokinematic modelis suggested for interactive computer aided ergonomic evaluation. Model parameters are derived and validated by regression analysis. This model showes more flexibility than the stick and joint models. An application is presented to show the clarity of this approach.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.275-290
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• 2022

Mobile sand barriers are a new type sand-retaining structure that can be moved and arranged according to the engineering demands of sand control. When only used for sand trapping, mobile sand barriers could be arranged in single row. For the dual purposes of sand trapping and sand stabilization, four rows of mobile sand barriers can be arranged in a staggered form. To reveal the effect of plane layout, the included angle between sand barrier direction and wind direction on the characteristics of flow fields and the sand control laws of mobile sand barriers, numerical computations and wind tunnel tests were conducted. The results showed that inflows deflected after passing through staggered arrangement sand barriers due to changes in included angle, and the sand barrier combination exerted successive wind resistance and group blocking effects. An analysis of wind resistance efficiency revealed that the effective protection length of staggered arrangement sand barriers approximately ranged from the sand barrier to 10H on the leeward side (H is sand barrier height), and that the effective protection length of single row sand barriers roughly ranged from 1H on the windward side to 20H on the leeward side. The distribution of sand deposit indicated that the sand interception increased with increasing included angle in staggered arrangement. The wind-breaking and sand-trapping effects were optimal when included angle between sand barrier direction and wind direction is 60°-90°.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-106
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• 1989

Two numerical models of the shoreline change and sediment transport rates, explicit and implicit, are simulated with shore structures such as breakwaters, a jetty, groins and a seawall. The applied study area is songdo Beach, Youngil bay, Korea since it has all the shore structures mentinoed above. The two models investigate the beach line changes and sedimen transport rates for the beach before design of three groins with and without an offshore breakwater. In order to estimate the shoreline changes after three groins were built, the beach response inside the three groin compartiments and the offshore barrier are also investigated. The simulation based on the initial shoreline conditions surveyed by the Hydrographic office, Koreai 1979 and 1984. The breaking wave characteristics are introduced into the models by calculation from the empirical equations and modification from the numerical and hydraulic model test results developed for waves behind an offshore breakwater. The numerical simulation describes well the tendencies of the sand transport and shoreline changes affected by wave diffraction behind a detached breakwater and by interruption of sand transport at three groins.