• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

Objectives: This study examined the life style differences of middle school students among in Korea, China and Japan and analyzed the factors influencing on the perceived health. Methods: The data of 1,390 students aged between 14 years and 16 from three countries collected between in November, 2008 and January, 2009 and analyzed the data using $x^2$-test, ANOVA-test and logistic regression analysis in SPSS Win 12.0. Results: Korean students spent more time on study and mobile phone use than Japanese, and more time on TV computer game than Chinese students. In addition, Korean students had a higher percentage in skipping breakfast and in not exercising than the other two countries. Overall, students who went to bed before midnight, having breakfast or doing exercise had better perceived health. Conclusions: The policies on health education should be conducted at a national level in order to improve their unhealthy life styles of Korean middle school students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.220-234
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• 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the adherence to dietary guidelines among college students in the post-COVID-19 era and examine the changes in their dietary habits as the learning environment transitioned from remote to in-person classes. Methods: We conducted a survey involving 327 college students in Daejeon from March to April 2023. The survey questionnaires included various factors, including age, gender, type of residence, frequency of use of delivery food, convenience food, and eating out. In addition, we investigated the extent of adherence to the dietary guidelines for Koreans and the degree of dietary changes following the post-COVID-19 shift in class format were investigated. For comparative analysis of the level of adherence to dietary guidelines in relation to dietary habit changes, an ANOVA and a post hoc Scheffe test were employed. We also performed a multiple linear regression analysis to identify dietary factors influencing the level of adherence to dietary guidelines. Results: The study revealed a high rate of convenience food consumption and a low rate of homemade food intake among students. There was a marked increase in the consumption of processed foods, convenience foods, dining out, sweet foods, high-fat fried foods, beverages, and alcohol following the transition from online to in-person classes. When examining adherence to Korean dietary guidelines, the highest scored practice was 'Hydration', and the lowest was 'Breakfast habit'. Increased consumption of convenience foods, late-night snacks, and dining out were negatively correlated with adherence levels to dietary guidelines, specifically correlating with 'Healthy weight', 'Hydration', 'Breakfast habit', and the total score of adherence. The adoption of 'regular meals' was positively associated with increased adherence levels to dietary guidelines. Conclusions: The transition from remote to in-person classes post-COVID-19 led to increased intake of convenience foods, dining out, sweet foods, high-fat fried foods, and alcohol. The rise in convenience food and late-night snack consumption negatively influenced several aspects of the dietary guidelines adherence, thereby suggesting the need for strategies to encourage healthy dietary habits among college students.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

Objectives: This study performed to analyze general characteristics, environmental factors, and health promoting lifestyle by smoking behavior among university students. Methods: In 2011, interview survey was conducted with 700 Korean students of university and college in located 7 metropolitan cities and the biggest province (Gyeonggido). To examine the factors related to smoking behavior, it collected environmental factors, health promoting lifestyle, and mental health. Multiple logistic regression analysis for survey data identified the difference of smoking behavior. Results: The 20.4% of university students was current smoker. Smoking rate of male was higher than that of female. The university students residing in Seoul and surrounding areas were less likely to have smoking behavior than them residing in local areas. In multiple regression models, difference by gender, academic year, college level, college type, region, secondary smoking exposure time, health status, monthly drinking, alcohol use disorder, and eating breakfast remained significantly (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusion: Future efforts should be focused on association between health risk factors and environment factors in physical, mental, and social aspects. To achieve this, we will need to provide the integrated health promotion program to decrease smoking problems of university students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.92-103
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to enhancement of happiness by identifying factors affecting the subjective happiness among Korean adolescents by family type. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 16th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2020). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting adolescent happiness by family type. Results: As a result, the factors that commonly affect the subjective happiness of adolescents for all family types were identified as economic status, academic performance, perceived stress, and loneliness. Additional factors that affect the subjective happiness of adolescents of both Korean two-parent and single parent families were sleep and subjective health status. Financial assistance, number of toilets, breakfast, exercise, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt were also reported for Korean two-parent families. Conclusion: This study provided empirical basic data for enhancing adolescent happiness in consideration of priority targets and family composition characteristics by identifying factors affecting subjective happiness by family type. Adolescent happiness is a factor that should be actively pursued at home, school, and society, and it should be the goal of education for holistic growth of students.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.418-431
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• 2022

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the rate of depression among older adults living alone and to identify factors associated with depression in older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A secondary data analysis was performed using data from the 2020 Korea Community Health Survey. The study participants were 18,824 older adults aged 65 years and over living alone. The data of the complex sample design was analyzed with consideration for weights, stratification, and clustering. Complex sample multiple logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with depression in older adults living alone during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The results showed that the rate of depression in older adults living alone was 6.3%. Older adults living alone with decreased physical activity, decreased hours of sleep, and an increased or similar frequency of meeting with friends or neighbors were found to be more likely to have depression. In terms of factors related to the practice of COVID-19 infection prevention and control rules, not disinfecting regularly and not wearing a mask indoors were related to depression. For health-related factors, fair or poor self-rated health status, not having breakfast every day, and feeling stressed were related to depression. Conclusion: It is recommended to develop tailored interventions to prevent depression among older adults living alone by considering the factors related to their depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.211-229
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• 2023

This study analyzed the differences in the general characteristics, mental and health-related factors, eating habits, and nutrient intake of Korean male youths before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The data of a total of 1,231 subjects, from among the participants in the 2018 and 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), were analyzed. The 2020 group had fewer married members than the 2018 group. The subjects in the 2020 group weighed more (P<0.05), had a higher waist circumference (P<0.01), and showed greater weight gain (P<0.05) than the 2018 group subjects. The aerobic physical activity of the 2020 group was lower (P<0.01) compared to the 2018 group. The members of the 2020 group had higher depression scores (P<0.01), suicidal tendencies (P<0.01), and need for counseling for mental problems (P<0.05) than those of the 2018 group. The prevalence of high fasting blood sugar levels and diabetes was higher in the 2020 group compared to the 2018 group. The frequency of breakfast (P<0.01) and dining out (P<0.001) and the proportion of breakfast (P<0.01) and dinner (P<0.05) taken with the family or non-family members was lower in the 2020 group than in the 2018 group. The rate of dietary supplement intake of the 2020 group was higher than that of the 2018 group (P<0.01). There were significant differences in the protein (P<0.05), riboflavin (P<0.01), and carbohydrate (P<0.01) intakes between the two groups. These results suggest that male youths had a higher waist circumference and high levels of depression, and showed a decrease in frequency of breakfast intake and dining out after the out break COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, nutrition and health promotion programs are urgently needed to improve mental health, other health-related factors and nutritional status of male adults that are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.713-725
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• 1999

Women have a greater incidence of coronary heart disease(CHD) after menopause. It relates to hormone imbalance-induced changes in known CHD risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia. Accordingly, once women are diagnosed, the rate of morbidity and mortality is greater than for men. Thus, preventive strategies are critical to improve the quality oflife in the later years for women. The purpose of ths study was to explore the difference of anthropometric, environmental factors and food behaviors between normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia within postmenopausal women. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia and hypercholesterolemia based on the Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia. The results obtained are summarized as follows. The distributions of general characteristics such as age, family income, occupation status, age at menarche, and menopausal period were not significantly different between the normocholesterolemia group and hypercholesterolemia group. The anthropometric factors such as body mass index(BMI) and waist hip ratio(WHR) were not significantly different between the normocholesteroemia group and the hypercholesterolemia group but odds ratio of hypercholesterolemia group was higher than that of normocholesterolemia but not significant. Aerobic activity more than 1hours/day was significantly related to low serum cholesterol concentration. Eating behaviors related to regular meal time, regular breakfast habit, and slow meal speed were related to low serum cholesterol concentration. Eating the chicken without skin was significantly related to low serum cholesterol concentration. Our data indicate that desirable eating habit, aerobic activity more than 1hr/day are important factors of serum cholesterol concentrations in postmenopausal women. The result of this study provide information that is important in designing appropriate dietary guidelines for hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.213-222
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate physical condition, physical fitness, sociodemographic factors, biochemical factors and personality factors of 5th grade students of elementary school. The number of students surveyed was 760 from each school of urban, middle and rural areas. All data analysis was done by BMI group which is based on previous study. 1) The children whose parents were on low education level and mother had a job had lower BMI values than others. Nine percent of male and 21% of female subjects skipped breakfast almost everyday. The 21.7% of all subjects regularly took nutritive pills, which had no difference in various BMI groups. 2) The physical condition of children had a high correlation with that of parents. 3) The physical fitness in BMI 5 groups was weaker than other groups, especially in male. 4) The contents of blood hemoglobin, cholesterol and glucose and hematocrit value were estimated. In female, the values of hemoglobin content and hematocrit had significant difference between BMI groups, but there are no trends. 5) The impulsiveness of male was the highest in BMI 1 group and the lowest in BMI 5 group among 5 groups. Besides, general activity, reflectivity and sociality in BMI 5 group had a low level. In female, personality factors except sociality didn't show any considerable difference.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2004

This study was conducted to define dietary patterns and to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic, acculturation and lifestyle factors on dietary patterns among 2,746 Korean- Americans in California. It was a cross-sectional telephone survey based on a representative sampling of individuals with a Korean surname using residential phone listings. It was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire that covered 20 food items, socioeconomic variables such as age, gender, income, education and acculturation, and lifestyle factors such as body weight, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise and consumption of fast food. Four dietary patterns were identified: American Foods (AF), American Breakfast (AB), Korean Foods (KF) and Vegetables (Ⅴ). AF was associated with younger men, acculturation and fast food consumption. AB was associated with women, higher education, current smoking and fast food consumption. KF was associated with acculturation and lower socioeconomic status. Ⅴ was associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking, exercising and fast food consumption. The results of the study showed that socioeconomic and lifestyle factors influenced the dietary patterns of Korean- Americans. This should be considered when dietary interventions are designed for Korean-Americans to improve their health status.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.183-195
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• 2010

This study sought to investigate the environmental predictors of atopic dermatitis in children. The participants were 1050 (age 3-5) children taken from data data from the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs. A data mining decision tree model revealed that the factors of medical neglect, breakfast, attachment to mother, and mother's depression influenced atopic dermatitis in children. Our results revealed that in the factors considered above, medical neglect had the greatest influence upon atopic dermatitis in children.