• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.165-188
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• 2017

Foreign direct investment is the means for companies to enter the overseas market and strengthen their competitiveness. The holding of intellectual properties, representing advantages of firms, may affect foreign direct investment. By expanding previous studies, we define intellectual properties as including trademarks and design as well as patents. Using a random-effect panel data model, we examine the effects of both intellectual properties of Korea and host countries on Korea's foreign direct investment in 128 countries from 1981 to 2014. The results are as follow. First, the coefficients of Korea's intellectual properties, patent, trademark, and design are significantly positive. This implies that Korean firms may invest abroad to take their advantages of technologies, brand value, and the capability of product differentiation. Second, except for patents, intellectual properties of host countries have a positive impact on foreign direct investment. In other words, foreign direct investment to acquire the ability of branding or product design from host countries may occur. Third, the coefficients of Korea's intellectual properties are significantly greater than those of host countries' properties. Foreign direct investment to take advantages of the firms' capabilities overseas is greater than one to acquire knowledge of host countries. Finally, Korea's intellectual properties have a greater positive impact on foreign direct investment in high growth countries than in low growth countries. It is interpreted that Korean firms are more motivated to exploit their intellectual properties in developing countries with a high growth than developed countries. Overall, it is confirmed that Korea's foreign direct investment not only to utilize some advantages but also to seek the brand value or product differentiation ability from host countries can occur. Our findings provide the contribution that some innovative activities in firms and R&D investments policies which encourage the possession of intellectual properties can improve foreign direct investment.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.395-413
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• 2023

This research studied the effect of customer experience characteristics in offline home appliance stores on perceived value and revisit intention. Among the offline distribution of home appliances with more than 100 stores nationwide, two home appliance retailers (HiMart, E-Land), three hypermarkets (E-Mart, Homeplus, Lotte Hi-Mart), and two home appliance stores (LG Best Shop, Samsung Digital Plaza) were selected, and a survey was conducted on men and women in their 20s or older in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon who had visited and purchased the home appliance store within the last 6 months. As a result of the survey, a statistical analysis was conducted on a total of 330 samples using the PLS (Partial Least Squares) structural equation model and SPSS statistical package. Through this study, the following research results can be obtained. First, educational experience, deviant experience, and aesthetic experience had a positive (+) effect on the functional value. However, entertainment experience did not affect functional value. Second, educational experience, deviant experience, and aesthetic experience all had a positive (+) effect on emotional value. Third, both functional and sensory values had a positive (+) effect on the revisit intention. Fourth, it was confirmed that brand loyalty had no moderating effect between functional value and sensory value revisit intention. The results of this study show the structural relationship between customer experience characteristics, perceived value (functional value, sensory value), and revisit intention. This result provides guidelines on what activities home appliance offline stores should do at a time when online channels threaten the survival of offline channels.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.93-111
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• 2013

As Internet and information technology (IT) continues to develop and evolve, the issue of big data has emerged at the foreground of scholarly and industrial attention. Big data is generally defined as data that exceed the range that can be collected, stored, managed and analyzed by existing conventional information systems and it also refers to the new technologies designed to effectively extract values from such data. With the widespread dissemination of IT systems, continual efforts have been made in various fields of industry such as R&D, manufacturing, and finance to collect and analyze immense quantities of data in order to extract meaningful information and to use this information to solve various problems. Since IT has converged with various industries in many aspects, digital data are now being generated at a remarkably accelerating rate while developments in state-of-the-art technology have led to continual enhancements in system performance. The types of big data that are currently receiving the most attention include information available within companies, such as information on consumer characteristics, information on purchase records, logistics information and log information indicating the usage of products and services by consumers, as well as information accumulated outside companies, such as information on the web search traffic of online users, social network information, and patent information. Among these various types of big data, web searches performed by online users constitute one of the most effective and important sources of information for marketing purposes because consumers search for information on the internet in order to make efficient and rational choices. Recently, Google has provided public access to its information on the web search traffic of online users through a service named Google Trends. Research that uses this web search traffic information to analyze the information search behavior of online users is now receiving much attention in academia and in fields of industry. Studies using web search traffic information can be broadly classified into two fields. The first field consists of empirical demonstrations that show how web search information can be used to forecast social phenomena, the purchasing power of consumers, the outcomes of political elections, etc. The other field focuses on using web search traffic information to observe consumer behavior, identifying the attributes of a product that consumers regard as important or tracking changes on consumers' expectations, for example, but relatively less research has been completed in this field. In particular, to the extent of our knowledge, hardly any studies related to brands have yet attempted to use web search traffic information to analyze the factors that influence consumers' purchasing activities. This study aims to demonstrate that consumers' web search traffic information can be used to derive the relations among brands and the relations between an individual brand and product attributes. When consumers input their search words on the web, they may use a single keyword for the search, but they also often input multiple keywords to seek related information (this is referred to as simultaneous searching). A consumer performs a simultaneous search either to simultaneously compare two product brands to obtain information on their similarities and differences, or to acquire more in-depth information about a specific attribute in a specific brand. Web search traffic information shows that the quantity of simultaneous searches using certain keywords increases when the relation is closer in the consumer's mind and it will be possible to derive the relations between each of the keywords by collecting this relational data and subjecting it to network analysis. Accordingly, this study proposes a method of analyzing how brands are positioned by consumers and what relationships exist between product attributes and an individual brand, using simultaneous search traffic information. It also presents case studies demonstrating the actual application of this method, with a focus on tablets, belonging to innovative product groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.109-118
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• 2010

This study aims to propose practical strategies for the new urban ideal of regeneration. A book review highlights the emergence of new trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society beyond the new town Ideal of the industrial society. The meaning of ‘landscape’ in landscape urbanism represents not the visual and decorative pictures, but the dynamic process in the context of changes and evolutions. Also, knowledge-information industrial society and landscape have a meaning in the same context of flow and process with changes of velocity. Finally, these key words convey a meaning with the new urban trends of urbanization in knowledge-information industrial society in the context of value-oriented characteristics of dynamics and process. Urban regeneration is emerging as the new urban ideal in the knowledge-information industrial society, beyond the new town ideal of industrial society. It is in the same context as landscape urbanism with respect to green infrastructure buildings and designs for the transformation of urban surfaces covered with concrete and asphalt into the ecological surface, and of the ecological surfaces into the cultural surface that could be communicated with human beings. This research revealed the six strategies for urban regeneration as follows. The First, the strategies for the transformation of urban surfaces into ecological surfaces, the second, the strategies for the transformation of ecological surfaces into cultural surfaces, the third, the introduction of mixed and convergence land use, the forth, the transformation of former sites(e.g. military and factory) into urban parks, the fifth, the introduction of waterfront park zones that have the function of ecological and park-oriented mixed land use and, the sixth, the building and design of green infrastructure in the residential and commercial complex in CBD. These strategies call for the reforms of development laws and regulations to restrict building coverage ratio, building heights, and the introduction of park-oriented mixed zoning regulations. Another method for implementating the above listed strategies was the introduction of a strategic planning system instead of the traditional master plan system. This system uses a value planning approach and brand making by imagery. It is able to construct the meaning of an image and its creativeness directly.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.99-124
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• 2016

Regardless of area, public libraries should establish its status as the knowledge and information service center, cultural enjoyment and lifelong learning space in close contact with everyday life. To do this, it is necessary to survey the citizen's perception of the public library. In this study, researchers investigated and analyzed the perception of Daegu citizens including the weight and importance of public libraries, library use status and reasons for non-use, reading program participation and reasons for non-participation, and regions that require new library facilities. Based on these results, researchers suggested the measures to strengthen the infrastructure of public library and to increase its use in conjunction with other relevant data, that is, domestic and international researches, related laws, national reading survey, national cultural infrastructure overview, Daegu citizen survey, Daegu city brand perception survey, and the status of public libraries in national and Daegu Metropolitan City.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

A growing percentage of internet users have maintained a personal website, blog, and the articles published by blog users play important roles to other users' purchasing decision as reliable information or knowledge. Therefore blog has been recently regarded as a promising marketing tool, for the brand image campaigns and sales management of companies. However, the effect is not easy to be verified when blog users recognize it to be negative the marketing activity utilizing blogs. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify the relationship between the customers' blog usage level and their response to blog marketing. To such purposes, this study is designed to survey the followings on office workers; Blog Quotient as a blog usage level of customers, response to blog marketing, the relation between Blog Quotient and demographic variables, and the relation between Blog Quotient and response to blog marketing. The results show that Blog Quotient has a significant relation with customers' response to blog advertisement and a company should consider the target customers' blog usage level to plan a blog marketing strategy.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.141-155
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data to adolescents' cosmetic culture by investigating and analysing the choices made by female students who have been becoming principle consumers of cosmetics these days. Firstly, social and cultural backgrounds and concepts of N generation, and then characteristics and influencing powers of female students were reviewed. And this study also included questionnaire surveys of 500 female students in middle and high schools located in Seoul. Data were processed using a SPSS$^+$ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage and the $X^2$-test. The major findings run as follows: Female students have the effects of spreading their words quickly and abilities of making a decision what to buy. And they accept consuming behaviors itself as a part of cultural lives. Therefore, industries have acknowledged them as new principal consumers with a powerful influence in the market. They also play an important role in active consumer as emotional generation who has distinct personalities and prefer fashion trends, changes and innovations. They show conformities with their peer groups and they also want to identify themselves with characters or stars. The cosmetic behaviors of female students relating to demographic characteristics showed a significant relation to grades, majors, school groups and places of residence. Female students have a lot of interest and knowledge about cosmetics. And they use various cosmetic products. This study demonstrated the age for using make-up for the first time has been becoming younger more and more. Recently, female adolescents tend to use face powder, lip gloss, mascara and eye shadow. It is assumed that cosmetic purchases of female students can be considered as an impulsive aspects. However, before purchases, the proportion of students having any particular cosmetic brand in mind previously has been increasing. They take into consideration skin safety, the quality of product and color, when purchasing cosmetic products.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.203-213
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• 2012

This paper attempts to find out the psychological characteristic factors of Korean consumers, and to identify how they influence consumers' attitudes toward the products for the world famous brands. The related literature refers face-consciousness trait, boast trait and ritualism trait to the main research objectives of this research. As results, 3 underlying factors are found to underly the 'Chemyon(social face)', 6 factors to 'Uzzul(Boasting)'. Multiple regression analysis reports that 'Uzzul(Boasting)' trait has a significant influence over the consumer's attitudes toward the product for the famous brands, and Chemyon(social face) trait has the same effects as well though with less statistical weight. The paper's findings suggests academically that we need more serious research endeavor to understand consumption propensities that are salient to Korean consumers. And, they also imply that advertising creative director would implement the knowledge in developing creative strategy for brand advertising.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6604-6612
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic knowledge and a proper education-training program for hotel enterprises. The results are as follows. First, an education-training program was focused on five factors. Service quality, Job, Organization culture, Self improvement, and Language. Second, the Importance Performance Analysis Result show that Keep the Good Work variables are the Customer reception, Food hygiene, Hygienic management, Cooking, First aid, Self development, and Communication. Possible excesses include Customer satisfaction, Business vision, Brand, Prevention of sexual harassment, Multiple cultures. Finally, an education training program should focus mainly on 'Manner', 'Table manner', 'Personal hygiene' and 'Chinese'.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the actual condition of fashion sales related persons and analyze their different role recognition in women's Ready-To-Wear shops. A questionnaire was administered to 378 fashion sales related persons in department stores and individual shops. Data were analyzed by using crosstabs, $X^2$, t-test, Scheffe's test and ANOVA by using of SPSS PC program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the role of fashion salespersons, managers participated highly in the merchandise buying plan, actual merchandise buying and advertisement, and shopmasters participated in the management of salespersons and keeping good relation with customers and display. 2. There was significant difference according to the existence of shopmasters in sales promotion. Shops with shopmasters had regular sales and filed up customer cards. 3. Shopmasters and salespersons attached importance to fashion information, market information, sales result information, and managers attached importance to customer information, enterprise environment information in utilizing of informations. Managers considered customer survey very important but shopmasters and salespersons did not. Shopmasters, managers, and salespersons all attached importance to customers' preference survey as customers' information source. 4. There were significant differences in lifestyle survey, buying method survey, preference survey, street fashion survey, brand identity survey and advertizement effect survey of customers by the different roles of fashion salespersons. 5. There were significant differences in the degree of merchandise knowledge, service and after service in sales service recognition by the different roles of fashion salespersons.