• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1372-1384
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify egonomy tendency on their self-makeup and appearance management behavior of university women in Jeonbuk province. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Frequency analyses, reliability analyses, cross-tabulations and multiple regression analyses were used. Factors of university women's egonomy tendency were individuality, value, luxury good, style, design, appearance, and economic feasibility. University women were classified into the egonomy retarde group(G1), the value pursuing group(G2), the economic feasibility pursuing group(G3), and the highly egonomy pursuing group(G4). G1 were indifferent to their makeup methods and appearance management, had the least experience in buying recommended cosmetics or idea cosmetics. G2 invested time and efforts in makeup and managed their appearance with cosmetics or folk remedies, had less experience in buying artist brand cosmetics. G3 performed makeup frequently, were not much interested in appearances while showing the most frequent appearance management behaviors using cosmetics of folk remedies, and spent small amount of money to buy cosmetics. G4 showed high frequencies of all factors of self-makeup and appearance management behaviors, had the most experience in buying artist brand cosmetics and spent much amounts of money to buy cosmetics. Self-makeup behavior was affected by their tendencies to pursue individuality, values, appearance and appearance management behavior was affected by their tendencies to pursue luxury goods, appearance, and economic feasibility.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was targeting Chinese viewers. Awareness of factors affecting indirect advertising effects were investigated. What is the awareness of advertising features for Chinese viewers also examined. Advertising and indirect advertising effectiveness factors examined relationships recognized. Chinese viewers were collected through surveys. Firstly, factors affecting indirect advertising effects was seven. Sponsor, celebrity involvement, and blatantly portrayed, reliability, brand differentiation, ethics and information provided is a factor. Second, the advertising capabilities of the Chinese viewers were relatively positive perception. Indirect advertising effects of Chinese viewers, features and advertising on the relevance factors, there was a significant relationship. Celebrity involvement and brand differentiation, blatantly portrayed, and ethical factors had an impact on the function of advertising. These results provide indirect advertising of China and South Korea produced implications for practitioners. Korea also interested in entering the Chinese enterprises will provide the basic material in the production of indirect advertising.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.357-372
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to 1) segment female adolescent consumers into consumer groups displaying different consumer decision-making styles 2) to determine the consumer characteristics(clothing involvement information search store patronage and demographic variables) that related to each consumer segment and 3) to identify the interrelationship between the consumer characteristics. Decision-making styles were measured by 32 seven-point Likert type scales adapted from Sproles & Kendall and Shim & Kot A total of 78 statements dealing with three aspects of consumer characteristics was adapted from previous research. Data were collected from 567 2nd grade female middle and high school students in Seoul via self-administered questionnaires. and were analysed by frequency factor analysis ANOVA cluster analysis χ2 -test and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of this study were as follows: As a results of cluster analysis and ANOVA on seven factors of desion-making styles(1. brand-consiousness 2. novelty/fashion-consciousness 3. recreational/hedonis-tic orientation, 4. impulsive/carelessness, 5. price-consciousness/value-for-money, 6. perfectionism/high quality orientation 7. habitual/brand-royal consciousness) three consumer groups were identified and labeled as puality-oriented/non-utlitarian shoppers price-oriented shoppers and apathetic shoppers. Quality-oriented/non-utilitarian shoppers showed the highest clothing involvement scores of all aspects the highest consumer knowledge/experience most active ongoing information search and prepurchase information search. They preferred department store and franchise store for apparel shopping and considered service/reliability atmosphere variety of goods as important store attributes, Price-oriented shoppers showed prepurchase information search and planned purchase behavior actively. They preferred factory outlet store specialty stre and considered price very important as store attributes. Apathetic shoppers showed the lowest scores of all aspects of clothing involvement and most passive behavior in information search activities except showing the highest planned purchase. They preferred regional markets.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 1999

에이전트 기반 이동 컴퓨팅 환경에서 전자 상거래를 구현하기 위해 가장 필요로 하는 것은 안전한 지불 구조를 제공하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 불확정 전송 기법 1,2 을 사용한 비대화형 엔티티 인증 기법과 Horster 기법 4,5 을 기반으로 메시지 복원 기능을 제공하는 공정 은닉 서명 기법을 제시한다. 또한 이를 직접 Brands가 제시한 오프-라인 전자 지불 시스템 3,6 에 접목한다. 인증 단계가 비대화형으로 수행되므로 이동 엔티티 인증에 효율적이고, 메시지 복원 기능을 갖고 공개 검증 기능을 제공하는 은닉 서명을 적용하기 때문에 카운터 방식을 사용한 스마트 카드 기반 전자 지불 시스템 6 에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있었다. 전자 화폐에 대해서 신뢰 센터에 의한 공정성 검토 기능을 추가로 제공하므로 전자 지불 시스템의 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.Abstract The primary requirements for realizing the electronic commerce in agent based mobile computing environments are to implement the compatible secure payment framework. In this paper, we propose both the non-interactive entity authentication scheme that is combined with oblivious transfer protocol 1,2 and the message recovery fair blind signature based on Horster scheme 4,5 . And these techniques are directly applied to the Brand's off-line electronic payment system 3,6 . As the authentication processes are done by non-interactive manner, we can also get efficiency for mobile entity authentication. Additionally, as the used signature scheme provides a message recovery function with publicly verifiable properties, it is efficiently applicable to a counter based off-line electronic payment scheme 6 based on the additional device like smart card. Therefore, we can enhance the reliability of proposed electronic payment system based on the publicly verifiable fairness in its electronic cash by a trusted judge.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.116-130
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effects of consumption value of outdoor female consumers on relationship quality and long-term relationship orientation as well as differences in consumption value, relationship quality and long-term relationship orientation by demographic characteristics. A survey was conducted from May 15-22, 2016; subsequently, 336 responses were used in the analysis. Statistical analysis methods consisted of frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results indicate that the consumption value of outdoor female consumers was composed of functional value, emotional value, epistemic value, situational value, and social value. Relationship quality was composed of satisfaction, commitment, and trust. Consumption value (functional value, emotional value, epistemic value, situational value, and social value) of outdoor female consumers positively affected satisfaction. Emotional value, epistemic value and situational value positively affected commitment; in addition, functional value and emotional value positively affected trust. Satisfaction, commitment, and trust about outdoor brand also positively affected the long-term relationship orientation; in addition, consumption value positively affected long-term relationship orientation. There were significant differences in the consumption value and relationship quality by age and marital status. The study results provide useful information for the marketing strategies of outdoor brands that consider female consumers.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of store attributes of Korean consumers and to analyze it's influence on consumer satisfaction in duty free stores which gain ground inch by inch in the distribution chanel. And it is to find discriminative result as compared with foreign consumer. Research design, data, and methodology - Subjects for the quantitative study, quota sampling was adopted in the Lotte, Shilla downtown and airport duty free stores from the first to 15^th December 2016 and 177 questionnaires from Koreans who had purchasing experience in off line duty free store were analyzed. The data was analyzed by using factor and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, the independent sample t-test and multiple regression analysis. To test consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. Results - The result were as follows; 1. Korean consumers consider the importance of store attributes in duty free stores in order Product, Economic Feasibility, Convenience, Promotion, and Accessibility. 2. The meaningful impactive factors of duty free store attributes on consumer satisfaction turned out Product and Promotion. 3. These results show meaningful distinction between Koreans and foreigners in terms of consumer satisfaction in duty free stores. Conclusions - A marketer who is working for duty free store consider now that price benefit can not give strong impact to Korean consumers more and should concentrate on various brand assortment even including private brand. In terms of promotion, most duty free shops put special stress on foreign consumer's wants now as highly increasing of Chinese travelers but Korean consumer's sales portion and number of visitor also are steadily increasing. Therefore, a duty free marketer should prepare the Korean-oriented services with more enhanced promotion strategies for individual and group travellers, for example, a mileage service, VIP room and social network system to satisfy Korean consumers. In order to get satisfaction from Korean consumers, it makes effort on product and promotion than accessibility, price and convenience. Due to high level influence, further study is needed to enlarge to on-line market and to develop private brands for duty free stores.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2004

This research demonstrates clothing consumption values, fashion preferences of career women from the early 1920s to late 1930s. And having thorough understanding of values and preferences, allows us to establish marketing strategies for clothing companies. The main purpose of this study is (1) to formalize consumer group based upon the clothing consumption values, (2) to find for characteristics of consumer depending on classification of consumption value in clothing, (3) to understand the preferences of career women about fashion trends. Analyzing data was performed 292 copies, resulting factor analysis, Cluster analysis, X-test, Anova, Tukey test, t-test, frequency analysis, and reliability analysis. This paper showed 7 distinctive characteristics of career women about clothing consumption value. These characteristics can be listed as 1) value of brand image, 2) value of self-expression, 3) functional values, 4) epistemic values, 5) coordination values, 6) social values 7) psychological values. Importantly, brand image value became most significant aspects among 7 factors. Analyzing consumers based upon stated 7 factors, it was found that they are segregated into 4 groups; Self-expressive Group, Psychological Stability Group, Functional Group, Social Group. Secondly, for fashion trend preferences, self-expressive group, psychological stability group, and functional group favored Romantic Feminine Style respectively. Social Group showed preference in Nu-Basic'. The reason for such trend dealt with fabric materials and colors. Finally examining population statistics, younger generations showed more preferences in Nu-Basic', and consumers from ages of 26 to 28, 32 to 34 showed preferences in Romantic Feminine' regardless of their household income, clothing related expenditures, jobs, and education level. On the other hand, 'Modem Classic' was popular among college graduates and 'Paradise' was somewhat less popular among all ages except from ages of 32 to 34, consumers consumption 300,000Won to 400,000Won on clothing related expenditures. And 'Energy' seemed to attract more highly educated females, who had more than masters in degrees with over 300,000 to 400,000Won for clothing related expenditures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1372-1383
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in cosmetic purchase behavior according to clothing involvement, age, and face satisfaction. Subjects of this study were the females in Seoul and Kyonggi, who were 20's and 40$.$50's. Questionnaire was used as major method of gathering data. The data were collected from Sep. to Oct., 2003 and analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 with various techniques such as the factor analysis, reliability analysis, mean, percentage, cluster analysis, ANOYA, Duncan test, t-test. Cronbach's $\alpha$ and X$^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The cosmetic purchase behaviors were categorized in 4 different factors by the factor analysis;'fashion pursuit' purchase, 'conspicuous pursuit' purchase, 'brand pursuit' purchase and 'rational pursuit' purchase. 2. The consumers were classified into four groups by clothing involvement; 'high clothing involvement' group, 'low fashion involvement' group, 'middle clothing involvement' group and 'low clothing involvement' group. 3.'High clothing involvement' group was the highest in 'fashion pursuit' and 'conspicuous pursuit' purchase factors, 'Low fashion involvement' group was the lowest in 'fashion pursuit' purchase factor. Conclusionally, 'fashion pursuit' and 'conspicuous pursuit' purchase behaviors were setting more aggressive as clothing involvement was getting higher. 4. The differences in cosmetic purchase behavior according to the age revealed that 40'$.$50s' basic cosmetic purchase behavior was more 'brand pursuit' oriented than 20's. 5. The result of differences in cosmetics purchase behavior according to the face satisfaction was no noticeable difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.1258-1269
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions of fashion lifestyle, to examine the relationship between fashion lifestyle and internet advertising effect, and to identify the moderating effect of fashion lifestyle on the relationship between advertising types and advertising effects. Using dependent variables as internet advertising effects(i.e., attitude to advertising, attitude to product, attitude to brand), advertising types (i.e., banner, website e-mail types) and fashion lifestyle were used as independent variables. For the study, a sample of 152 apparel consumers participated in this survey research. The survey of design with a questionnaire was employed. Three types of fashion advertisement were included as banner type, website type, and e-mail type. For each type, two samples were included for the study. Questionnaire was developed with the html language and data collection was done through the internet on October 2000. For data analysis, descriptive statistics(i. e., frequency, percent), factor analysis, reliability analysis, linear regression and ANOVA were used. First, fashion lifestyle was classified with the seven dimensions: personality seeking group, planning purchase group, fashion leader group, fashion information seeking group, media preference group, commonness/traditional group, fashion follower group. Second, fashion lifestyle had signification effects on advertising effects. In the group of fashion lifestyle, fashion Information seeking group and planning purchase group were found to influence on the attitude toward advertising, and planning purchase type was influenced to attitude toward brand and attitude toward product. Third, main effects of fashion lifestyle were found to be significant. The correlation and interaction effects of fashion lifestyle and internet advertisement types were not significant.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

This study focused on the fact that changes of policies have influence on housing culture of Korea and analyzed changes in apartment houses planning since the deregulation of the price ceiling through newspaper advertisement. The research compared and analyzed advertisements of apartment houses sales appeared in the 'Gwangju Il-Bo' daily newspaper from 1990 to 2003 by planning factors. : The results are as follows. Reliability and economy were important factors in deciding apartment before the deregulation of the price ceiling policy, but as apartment houses were merchandised after the deregulation of the price ceiling policy, brand of enterprise and image of apartment houses were highlighted more. In the environment of apartment complex, the concerns of location after the deregulation of the price ceiling policy were more increased than before its policy and it means emphasis on living environment for better life. The apartment housing unit and building showed change of the apartment housing unit plan considering residents, high quality of interior design and high-tech and differentiation of equipment since the deregulation of the price ceiling policy. The ground space has been parked or afforested and the underground space is used for parking lot as a part of environment-friendly in the apartment complex planning. The deregulation of the price ceiling policy made brand, image, high-grade and differentiation, and got many changes in the planning side of the apartment sales advertisement.