• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Iron is an important element for brain oxygen transport, myelination, DNA synthesis and neurotransmission. However, excessive iron can generate reactive oxygen species and contribute neurotoxicity. Although brain iron deposition is the natural process with normal aging, excessive iron accumulation is also observed in various neurological disorders such as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, and others. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) is a useful method for detecting iron deposits in the brain. It can be a powerful tool for diagnosis and monitoring, while furthering our understanding of the role of iron in the pathophysiology of a disease. In this review, we will introduce the mechanism of iron toxicity and the basics of several iron-related MRI techniques. Also, we will summarize the previous results concerning the clinical application of such MR imagings in various neurological disorders.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.336-339
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• 2012

VTK is a free but professional development platform for images three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and processing. It is powerful, open-source, and users can customize their own needs by self-development of great flexibility. To give the doctors more and detailed information by simulate dissection to the 3-D brain MRI image after reconstruction. A Visualization System (VS) is proposed to achieve 3D brain reconstruction and virtual dissection functions. Based on the free VTK visualization development platform and Visual Studio 2010 IDE development tools, through C++ language, using real people's MRI brain dataset, we realized the images 3D reconstruction and also its applications and extensions correspondingly. The display effect of the reconstructed 3D image is well and intuitive. With the related operations such as measurement, virtual dissection and so on, the good results we desired could be achieved.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

Histopathological analysis of biopsy specimens is still used for diagnosis and classifying the brain tumors today. The available procedures are intrusive, time consuming, and inclined to human error. To overcome these disadvantages, need of implementing a fully automated deep learning-based model to classify brain tumor into multiple classes. The proposed CNN model with an accuracy of 92.98 % for categorizing tumors into five classes such as normal tumor, glioma tumor, meningioma tumor, pituitary tumor, and metastatic tumor. Using the grid search optimization approach, all of the critical hyper parameters of suggested CNN framework were instantly assigned. Alex Net, Inception v3, Res Net -50, VGG -16, and Google - Net are all examples of cutting-edge CNN models that are compared to the suggested CNN model. Using huge, publicly available clinical datasets, satisfactory classification results were produced. Physicians and radiologists can use the suggested CNN model to confirm their first screening for brain tumor Multi-classification.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

목적: 3T 장비의 신생아 뇌자기공명영상에서 T1 강조 고속 역전회복기법 (fast inversion recovery, FIR)과 자기화 삼차원 경사에코기법, (magnetization-prepared three dimensional gradient echo sequence, 3D GRE)을 스핀에코기법 (SE)과 비교하여 유용성을 알아보는 데 있다. 대상 및 방법: 20명의 신생아에서 T1 강조 SE, FIR, 그리고 3D GRE의 신호소음비 (SNR)와 대조소음비 (CNR)를 측정하고 시각적으로 회백질-백질 구별, 수초화 인식, 인공음영 발생을 점수화하여 비교하였다. 각 영상기법의 CNR 비교에는 Wilcoxon signed ranked test를 사용하였다. 결과: 세가지 영상기법 중 3D GRE가 가장 우수한 SNR을 보였고 CNR은 FIR과 3D GRE 모두 SE보다 우수하였으며 FIR보다 3D GRE가 더 우수하였다. 회백질-백질의 구분과 수초화 유무 역시 스핀에코보다 FIR과 3D GRE에서 더 잘 보였다. 그러나 3D GRE는 움직임에 의한 인공음영이 많았고 FIR에서 혈류에 의한 혈관의 고신호강도가 자주 발견되었다. 결론: 3T 장비에서 신생아 뇌영상을 얻을 때 FIR과 3D GRE 기법은 SE보다 좋은 T1 강조영상을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the role of postoperative three dimensional short-range magnetic resonance angiography(3D-TOF MRA) in predicting the clinical outcomes following microvascular decompression(MVD) for the treatment of a hemifacial spasm(HFS). Material and Method : Postoperative magnetic resonance(MR) imaging was performed on 123 patients with a HFS between March 1999 and May 2000. All patients who had postoperative MR imaging were undertaken preoperative MR imaging. Of the 123 patients, 122 patients were included in this retrospective study. The degree of the detachment of vascular contact, and change of the position of offender were determined by pre- and postoperative 3D-TOF MRA. These findings were compared with the surgical findings and clinical outcomes. Results : Of 122 patients who had successful MVD, clear decompression of offenders of the root entry zone(REZ) of facial nerve was found in 106 patients(86.9%), partial decompression in 10 patients(8.2%) and contact of offenders to the REZ of facial nerve in 6 patients(4.9%) by the postoperative 3D-TOF MRA. Our patients demonstrated that the types of offender did not influence with the degree of decompression of REZ of facial nerve and with surgical outcomes(p>0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between the degree of decompression of the REZ of facial nerve from offenders and an improvement of symptoms(p>0.05). Futhermore, there was no significant relationship between the degree of decompression of the REZ of facial nerve from offenders and an improvement time (p>0.05). Conclusion : Our data suggests that MVD of facial nerve alone may not be sufficient to resolve the symptoms in all patients with hemifacial spasm. Therefore, another unknown factors besides vascular compression may be involved to cause symptoms in certain patients and it may be necessary to remove these factors with MVD simultaneously to obtain the resolution of symptom.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the quantitative effectiveness of region of interest (ROI) setting in MR-DTI analysis with and without fMRI activation results. Methods: Ten right-handed normal volunteers participated in this study. DTI and fMRI datasets for each subject were obtained using a 1.5T MRI system. For neural fiber tracking, ROIs were drawn using two methods: The drawing points were located in the fMRI activation areas or areas randomly selected by users. In this study, the neural fiber tract targeted the corticospinal tract (CST) Quantitative analyses were performed and compared. The pixel numbers passing through the fiber tract in the individual brain volume were counted. The ratios between the ROI pixel numbers and the extracted fiber pixel numbers, and the ratios between the fiber pixel numbers and the whole-brain pixel numbers were also calculated. Results: According to our results, extracted CST fiber tract in which the ROI was drawn with fMRI activation areas showed higher distribution than drawing the ROI by users' hands. In addition, the quantitatively measured values represented higher pixel distribution: The counted average pixel numbers were 4553.8 and 1943.3. The average ratios of the ROI areas were 33.87 and 22.52. The average percentages of the individual whole-brain volume numbers were 2.06 and 0.87. Conclusion: Results of this study appear to indicate that use of this method can allow for more objectives and significant for study of the recovery of neural fiber mechanisms and brain rehabilitation.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.465-477
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• 2000

목적: Thallim-201 ($^{201}Tl$) 뇌 SPECT와 proton ($^1H$) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)는 뇌 신경교종의 악성도와 치료 후 종양의 생존여부를 평가하기 위하여 사용되어 왔다. 우리는 뇌 신경교종에서 $^{201}Tl$ brain 지수와 $^1H$ MRS 소견을 비교하여 보고 병리조직소견과 잘 일치하는지를 알아보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 성상교세포종 4예, 미분화 성상교세포종 7예, 다형성 교모세포종 6예 등 모두 17예를 대상으로 하였다. $^{201}Tl$ 뇌 SPECT에서 $^{201}Tl$ 지수는 병변에 관심영역을 설정하고 계수한 평균값을 반대측 뇌에 관심영역을 설정하고 계수한 평균값으로 나누어 구하였다. $^1H$ MRS에서는 뇌종양 중앙에서 choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr) 비와 N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr 비를 구하였다. 병리조직학으로는 Ki-67 지수, 세포충실도 유사분열정도, 다형태성정도, 괴사 및 내피생성정도 등을 검사하였다. 통계방법으로는 unpaired t test와 상관관계분석을 사용하였다. 결과: $^{201}Tl$-지수는 Ki-67 지수와 좋은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 판명되었고 (p<0.01), 세포 충실도, 유사분열정도 및 내피 생성정도 등과도 어느 정도 상관성이 있었다. 하지만 $^1H$ MRS 결과나 다형태성 및 괴사정도와는 무관하였다. $^1H$ MRS와 일치하는 병리소견이 없었다. 다형성교모세포종인 경우에는 성상교세포종보다 높은 $^{201}Tl$-지수, Cho/Cr 비, Ki-67 지수 등을 나타내었고 낮은 NAA/Cr 비를 나타내었지만 통계적인 의미는 없었다. 결론: 비록 $^{201}Tl$ 뇌 SPECT와 $^1H$ MRS가 악성 뇌교종과 양성 뇌교종을 직접적으로 감별해 낼 수는 없었다. 하지만 $^{201}Tl$ 지수는 여러 가지 병리소견을 대변하므로 종양의 생물학적 생활성이나 환자의 예후 평가 등에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2004년도 제9차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.75-75
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• 2004

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 1997년도 제2차 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.23-23
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• 1997

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 1997년도 제2차 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.24-24
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• 1997