• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 2001

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important components of brain phospholipds and play important role (s) in brain function. In rats, the maximum brain growth occurs during the period of lactation even though it happens during the third trimester of gestation in human. Since milk contained docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) even through the maternal diet had no DHA and/or a very small amount of its precursor, $\alpha$-linolenic acid ($\alpha$-LnA), an emphasis was given to maternal adipose tissue as a reservoir of this fatty acid. We, therefore, investigated the mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissues for their fatty acid composition in dams reared with different fat diets. Diets containing various amounts of $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acids were given to adult female rats (200-250g) throughout the pregnancy and lactation periods. Diets were composed of 10% (wt/wt) corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), perilla seed oil (PO) containing about 60% $\alpha$-LnA, or fish oil (FO) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The fatty acid ompositions of mesenteric and subcutaneous fat were measured and evaluated at Day-2 and Day-15 after parturition. In general, major characteristics of dietary fatty acid composition was reflected on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues. Dietary fatty acid composition was reflected more on mesenteric fat as compared to subcutaneous fat. Mesenteric fat was found to contain less arachidonic acid (AA) and mesenteric fats of CO, SO and PO groups contained less DHA than did the subcutaneous fat. The P/M/S ratios of adipose tissues were similar between experimental groups while dietary P/M/S ratios differed significantly. It was noticeable that a small proportion of DHA was found in the adipose tissues of animals of CO, SO and PO groups (Day-2) and in SO and PO groups (Day-15), the groups which do not contain DHA in their diets. The percentage of DHA in mesenteric fat o CO, SO and PO groups decreased as lactation continues, while the proportion of DHA in FO group increased. Adipose tissues of FO group had higher DHA/EPA ratio as compared to the diet. Considering the fact that the body contains a large amount of adipose tissues, our present finding suggests that the adipose tissue can serve as a reservoir of DHA for pregnant and lactating rats.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.298-306
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify Radiosensitivity of proteins in tissues with different radiosensitivity. Materials and Methods: C3H/HeJ mice were exposed to 10 Gy. The mice were sacrifiud 8 hrs after radiation. Their spleen and liver tissues were collected and analyzed histologicaly for apoptosis. The expressions of radiosusceptibillty protein were analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Resilts: The Peak of apoptosis levels were $35.3{\pm}1.7{\%}$ in spleen and $0.6{\pm}0.2{\%}$ in liver at 8 hrs after radiation. Liver, radioresistant tissues, showed that the levels of ROS metabolism related to proteins such as cytochromm c, glutathione S transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, riken cDNA and peroxiredoxin Vl increased after radiation. The expression of cytochrome c increased significantly in spleen and liver tissues after radiation. In spleen, radiosensitivity tissue, the identified proteins showed a significantly quantitative alteration following radiation. It was categorized as signal transduction, apoptosis, cytokine, Ca signal related protein, stress-related protein, cytoskeletal regulation, ROS metabolism, and others. Conclusion: Differences of radiation-induced apoptosis by tissues specifted were coupled with the induction of related radiosensitivity and radioresistant proteins. The result suggests that apoptosis relate protein and redox proteins play important roles in this radiosusceptibility.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.429-430
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• 2009

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-69
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• 1998

This experiment was done to investigate the effects of GAMIKWYBICHONGTANG(GKCT) on the blood and brain tissues of aged rats. The experimental groups were divided into three groups and treated as follows for ten days before administration of scopolamine ; Non treated group(Normal), Distilled water feeding group (Control), GKCT feeding group(GKCT). After feeding them each, Control and GKCT were injected scopolamine for 5 days.We examined the changes of blood cell(WBC, RBC, platelet), blood serum(BUN, creatinine, glucose, uricacid), erythrocyte hemolysis, the activities of cholinesterase, and measured the amounts of malondialdehyde of the blood serum and checked the activities of catalase, SOD of the brain tissues.The results were as follows;1. GKCT showed significant increase of the number of WBC, but those of RBC and platelet didn't significantly changed in comparison with Control.2. GKCT showed significant decrease of BUN, creatinin, glucose, uric acid in blood serum in comparison with Control.3. Erythrocyte hemolysis were decreased significantly in GKCT in comparison with Control.4. About the activity of cholinesterase of blood serum, GKCT showed no significant increase in comparison with Control.5. In TBA reaction to measure the amount of MDA, oxidant material of blood serum of rats, GKCT showed significant decrease in comparison with Control.6. About the activity of catalase of brain tissue, GKCT showed no significant change in comparison with Control.7. About the activity of SOD of brain tissue, GKCT showed significant increse in comparison with Control.According to the above results, GKCT can reduce the formation of free radical and the accumulation of antioxidant materials, it is suggested that GAMIKWYBICHONGTANG(GKCT) has some effects on antiaging. It is also needed more following studies.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1995

The effects of toluene inhalation on the contents of amino acid neurotransmitters in rat brain were investigated and blood toluene concentrations inducing changes of behavior and amino acid neurotransmitter contents in rat brain were observed. Male wistar rats were exposed to toluene vapor (single dose : 1700, 5000 and 10000 ppm for 2 hrs, repeated dose : 1700 and 5000 ppm for 2 hrs/day$\times$6 days). Toluene concentrations in blood and the inhalation chamber were assayed by GC with headspace sampler. HPLC method following PITC derivatization was used to measure the amino acid contents in brain tissues such as frontal cortex, caudate, hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem. Glutamic acid and aspartic acid levels were increased by single inhalation of toluene (5000 ppm) in all the brain areas assayed in this experiment. In caudate and cerebellum, taurine levels were decreased by single inhalation of low dose toluene (1700 ppm), but increased by repeated administration. At high blood toluene concentration, GABA levels were increased in all the brain areas assayed in this experiment and the increasing extents of inhibitory amino acid contents measured in caudate and hippocampus were greater than those of excitatory amino acids. These results suggest that the changes of amino acid neurotransmitter contents in brain by exposure to toluene may modulate toluene-induced behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.405-415
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of inclusion bodies in the tissues as well as to observe the general histopathological lesions of dogs infected with canine distemper. And also, the reliability of diagnostic values of inclusion bodies and the distribution of viral antigen in tissues were inspected by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Pneumonia observed in dogs infected with canine distemper virus was classified into interstitial, broncho-, and broncho-interstitial pneumonia histopathologically. Each occurring ratio was 35, 45 and 20%. 2. Histopathological classification of the canine distemper encephalitis was 20% in acute, 60% in subacute, and 20% in chronic encephalitis, respectively. 3. The organs in which inclusion bodies were predominantly distributed were stomach(82.6%), cerebellum(62.9%), lung(62.1%), cerebrum(50.0%), urinary bladder (46.1%), kidney(36.0%) and pancreas(25.0%). Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were mainly observed in the organs except the brain. 4. Canine distemper virus antigens were detected in the numerous tissues as well as in the inclusion bodies observed in the various organs. Antigen detection ratios in the lung, cerebellum and cerebrum were 68.9, 70.4 and 52.2%, respectively. These ratios were somewhat higher than those of inclusion bodies observed in the organs. 5. Canine distemper virus was mainly distributed in astrocytes and ependymal cells in the brain. These results suggested that the histopathologic diagnosis of canine distemper was reliable, and the spread of canine distemper virus in the brain was related with cerebrospinal fluid pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 1995

The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in body fluid homeostasis. There is increasing evidence for generation of endogenous angiotensin II in many organs and for its role in paracrine functions. Studies were designed to investigate whether hemorrhage produces rapid changes in the gene expression of angiotensinogen in peripheral and brain tissues. Wistar rats received saline drinking water for 7 days, were bled at a rate of $3\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ for 7 min, and then decapitated 0, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hr after hemorrhage. Hemorrhage produced a produced hypotension with tachycardia at $2{\pm}8\;hr$, but blood pressure and heart rate had not fully recovered to the basal level at 24 hr. Plasma renin concentration was significantly increased at 2, 4, and 8 hr (maximum sixfold increase at 4 hr) and had returned to the basal level at 24 hr. Renal renin content was significantly increased only at 4 hr after hemorrhage. Angiotensinogen mRNA in both the kidney and liver were stimulated at 2 to 8 hrs, but recovered to the basal level at 24 hr. On the other hand, angiotensinogen mRNA levels il the hypothalamus and brainstem were continuously increased from 2 to 24 hrs. The present study demonstrates the presence of angiotensinogen mRNA in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, and more importantly, their up-regulation after hemorrhage. These results suggest that the angiotensinogen-generating systems in the liver, kideny and brain are, at least in part, under independent control and play a local physiological role.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1993

Brain, heart, liver, lung, kidney and thymus etc. 12 organs were removed and homogenized from Dawley-Sprague rats after suffocation. After fractionation of the tissue cytosols, enzymatic activities of the key enzymes in metabolic inositol phosphates cycle, PLC, IPSK and Ins(1,4,5) P35-phosphatase, were measured respectively. Hybridoma monoclones producing anti-lP3K murine monoclonal antibodies were obtained by the fusion of SP2/Ag 0-14 and spleen cells of mouse immunized with purified 53KDa IPSK, screening and cloning procedures. 18 cloned hybridoma cells were obtained, background due to nonspecific binding was very low with 10 clones. These Abs were purified from ascitic fluids by using affi-gel 15, and determined subtype of Abs. When immunoreactivities for rat tissues IP3K were exercised by adding the mixed Abs of 19Gl and 19G2b, they showed an overall similarity with noncompetitive inhibition. Brain tissue has high sensitivity for anti-lP3K Ab, whereas heart tissue has very low activity. In kinetic parameters Km value was 1.58 mM and Vmx value was 5.41umol/min/ml, respectively Only one form of 40 KDa IPSK was detected in heart tissues, however rat brain contains at least three immunologically distinct IP3K (53, 51 and 40 KDa) in western blot analysis. Of them 53 KDa protein was major enzyme in enzymatic activity. Northern blot analysis with 32P-labeled CDNA probe which encodes 1.8 Kb IPSK gene was performed. These results suggest that IPSK are regulated at transcriptional level during rat tissue development.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2005

Telomeres locate at the end of chromosomes and consist of a tandem repeat sequence of $(TIAGGG)^{n}$ and associated proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein which act as a template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA. Telomeres are essential for chromosome stability and are related with cell senescence, apoptosis and cancer. This study was carried out to analyze the amount of telomeres and telomerase activity of chicken cells during embryonic and developmental stages. The whole embryos and prenatal tissues such as brain, heart, liver, kidney and testis at different developmental stages were obtained from Korean Native Chicken. The amount of telomeres on embryonic cells was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) techniques using the chicken telomeric DNA probe. Telomerase activity was measured by telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Results indicated that the amounts of telomeric DNA on the most embryonic cells were gradually decreased during ontogenesis. Furthermore, the quantity of telomeres was quite different among embryonic tissues according to developmental origin. The relative amount of telomeres has more in regenerative cells such as embryonic disc and testicular cells than in non-regenerative cells such as liver, brain, heart and kidney cells. Telomerase activity was also highly detectable in most chicken cells at early embryonic stages. After 9 days of incubation, however, the telomerase activitie W

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.459-463
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• 2011

The genome of the rhesus monkey has diverged as an average sequence identity of ~93%. The rhesus monkey has been widely used as a non-human primate in the field of biomedical and evolutional research. Insertion of transposable elements (TEs) induced several events such as transcriptional diversity and different expression in host genes. In this study, 112 transcripts were identified from a full-length cDNA library of brain tissues of the rhesus monkey. One transcript (R54) showed a different expression pattern between human and rhesus monkey tissues. This phenomenon can be an explanation that R54 transcript was acquired by splicing a donor site derived from exonization of the L2A element. Therefore, integration of TEs during primate radiation could contribute to transcriptional diversity and gene regulation.