• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Purpose: An increase in the demand for specialized Trauma Centers led to a government-driven campaign, that began in 2009. Our hospital was selected as one of the Trauma Centers, and we reviewed data on trauma patients in order to correlate the mortality at a regional Trauma Center with its contributing factors, such as the severity of the injury, the means of arrival, and the time duration before arrival at our center. Methods: Data on the patients who visited our Trauma Center from January 2010 to November 2011 were retrospectively reviewed using electronic medical records. The patients who had revised trauma scores (RTSs) less than 7 or injury severity scores (ISSs) greater than 15 were included. The patients were categorized as survivors and non-survivors, and the means of arrival as transferred or visited directly. Time durations before arrival of less than one hour were also taken intoconsideration. Results: Two hundred(200) patients were enrolled, and the mortality rate was 36.5%. The most common cause of the accident was an automobile accident, and the most common cause of death was brain injury. The RTSs and the ISSs were significantly different in the non-survivor and the survivor groups. The mortality rate of the patients who were transferred was not statistically different from that of patients who visited directly. However, a time duration before arrival of less than one hour was statistically meaningful. Conclusion: The prognosis of the trauma patients were correlated with the severity of the trauma as can be expected, but the time between the incidence of accident and the arrival at hospital and whether the presence of transfer to trauma center were not statistically significant to the prognosis.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2009

Purpose: This study evaluated the characteristics and the prognosis of multiple intraabdominal solid organ injuries, including those to the liver, spleen, and kidney, after blunt trauma. Methods: From January 2001 to March 2009, 39 patients with multiple intraabdominal solid organ injuries, which had been confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography after blunt trauma, were included in this retrospective study. The injury severity score (ISS), abbreviated injury scale (AIS), revised trauma score (RTS), American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) injury grade of solid organs, initial hemodynamic status, blood gas analysis, blood transfusion, and the mortality were the main outcome measurements. Results: Injured groups were classified into liver/kidney (n=17), liver/spleen (n=4), spleen/kidney (n=13), and liver/kidney/spleen (n=5) groups. Patients were older in the liver/kidney group than in the liver/kidney/spleen group (43 vs 18 years, p=0.023). The initial systolic blood pressures tended to be lower in the liver/kidney group than in the other groups (84 vs 105, 112, and 114 mmHg, p=0.087). The amounts of 24-hour packed RBC transfusion were 32 units in the liver/kidney group and 4 units in the liver/kidney/spleen group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Differences were found in neither the RTS, ISS, and AIS for head, chest, abdominal, and pelvic injuries nor the AAST injury grade for solid organ, but injuries to the chest were more severe in the liver/spleen group than in the spleen/kidney group (AIS 4.0 vs 2.8, p=0.028). Conservative treatment was the most frequent applied treatment in all groups. There were 6 mortalities : 3 due to hypovolemia, 2 to sepsis, and 1 to brain injury. Mortalities occurred only in the liver/kidney group. Conclusion: Patients who had intraabdominal solid organ injuries of the liver and the kidney simultaneously, tended to be transfused more at an early time after trauma, to have lower initial systolic blood pressures, and to have a higher mortality.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.294-298
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• 2007

Moyamoya disease is a progressive cerebrovascular disorder with stenosis or occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries with abnormal vascular networks at the base of the brain. Previous reports have shown that there are extracranial vascular involvements in Moyamoya disease, especially in the renal artery. We report a 7-year-old patient with Moyamoya disease associated with renovascular hyper tension, who presented in infancy with seizures and hemiparesis. Renal angiography showed multiple stenoses of the right renal artery. Although renal artery stenosis in Moyamoya disease has been effectively treated with balloon angioplasty, stent implantation, or surgery, bat-loon angioplasty could not be done in this patient due to multiple stenoses. His blood pressure was successfully controlled with medical treatment, and remained normotensive during the follow up period of 6 months.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5508-5512
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• 2015

Objective.: Sparganosis locations in humans are usually presented with a subcutaneous tissue of abdominal wall, chest, abdominal vicera and brain, but are rarely found in the breast. Methods. A case of sparganosis was confirmed by surgical excision of two parasites in a 76-year-old female patient present to a palpable mass in the right breast (presumed to have been sparganosis approximately 3 years ago). She had no history to direct ingestion of snakes or frogs, but had the history of drinking contaminated water. Mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and FDG PET/CT imaging findings for patient were characteristic of sparganosis due to suspicion of breast cancer. Conclusions: The first route of infection in humans is drinking contaminated water. The second route is the ingestion of raw or partially cooked snakes or frogs. The third route is infected wound snake, frog muscle that attach to the case. However, only a few cases of drinking contaminated water have been reported in the country. Ultrasonography, MRI is known to be helpful for diagnosis of breast sparganosis. However, Mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and FDG PET/CT for breast sparganosis is not reported present in the country. Reported the case and reviewed the related literature briefly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.110-115
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• 1999

Pulmonary histiocytosis X is a granulomatous disorder of the lung of unknown cause. Patients with this disease often complain of cough, dyspnea on exertion and, occasionally, chest pain from pneumothorax or bone involvement. However, DI is uncommon in these patients. We report a case of primary pulmonary histiocytosis X with central diabetes insipidus. A 23-year-old man presented with dyspnea suffered from dry cough, exertional dyspnea, polydipsia and polyuria for 4 months. He was a heavy smoker. He was found to have reticulonodular interstitial opacities on chest X-ray film. High-resolution computed tomography revealed thin-walled cysts of various sizes in both lungs. Open lung biopsy was done. On light microscopic examination revealed proliferation and infiltration of Langerhans cells. Immunohistochemically, Langerhans cells showed strong cytoplasmic staining with S-100 protein and electronmicroscopic examination showed Birbeck granules in Langerhans cells. Water deprivation test showed central-type diabetes insipidus and brain MRI showed no abnormal lesion on suprasellar region. Smoking cessation was recommended. He was treated with oral desmopressin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1608-1613
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• 2012

A conventional kinesin, KIF5/Kinesin-I, transports various cargoes along the microtubule through interaction between its light chain subunit and the cargoes. Kinesin light chains (KLCs) interact with many different cargoes using their tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, but the mechanism underlying recognition and binding of a specific cargo has not yet been completely elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid assay to identify proteins that interact with the TPR domain of KLC1. We found an interaction between the TPR domain of KLC1 and an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-binding protein PAT1 (protein interacting with APP tail 1). The yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that the TPR domain-containing region of KLC1 mediated binding to the C-terminal tail region of PAT1. PAT1 also bound to KLC2 but not to kinesin heavy chains (KIF5A, KIF5B, and KIF5C) in the yeast two-hybrid assay. These protein-protein interactions were also observed in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. Anti-PAT1 antibody as well as anti-APP anti-body co-immunoprecipitated KLC and KHCs associated with PAT1 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that PAT1 could mediate interactions between Kinesin-I and APP containing vesicles.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.245-251
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• 2008

Single-channel recordings of TASK-1 and TASK-3, members of two-pore domain $K^+$ channel family, have not yet been reported in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, even though their mRNA and activity in whole-cell currents have been detected in these neurons. Here, we report single-channel kinetics of the TASK-3-like $K^+$ channel in DRG neurons and up-regulation of TASK-3 mRNA expression in tissues isolated from animals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In DRG neurons, the single-channel conductance of TASK-3-like $K^+$ channel was $33.0{\pm}0.1$ pS at - 60 mV, and TASK-3 activity fell by $65{\pm}5%$ when the extracellular pH was changed from 7.3 to 6.3, indicating that the DRG $K^+$ channel is similar to cloned TASK-3 channel. TASK-3 mRNA and protein levels in brain, spinal cord, and DRG were significantly higher in injured animals than in sham-operated ones. These results indicate that TASK-3 channels are expressed and functional in DRG neurons and the expression level is up-regulated following SCI, and suggest that TASK-3 channel could act as a potential background $K^+$ channel under SCI-induced acidic condition.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 1991

From December 1984 to February 1990, 16 patients with tumors of pineal and suprasellar location were treated with radiation therapy. Tissue diagnoses were obtained before radiation therapy in 5 patients and 11 were irradiated without histologic confirmation. Initial treatments for these patients were craniospinal plus boost primary irradiation(six), whole brain plus boost primary irradiation(nine), primary tumor site irradiation(one). The 5 year actuarial survival rate is $71\%$. Three cases with elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) responded favorably to radiation, but pineal tumors with elevated alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) did not respond well. Spinal metastasis developed in 2 cases(2/15) with elevated AFP : one received prophylactic spinal irradiation, another did not. Our studies suggest that more aggressive treatment would be necessary in patient with elevated AFP and in this patient, radiation therapy may be initiated without pathologic confirmation. From the result of our study, routine use of prophylactic spinal irrdiation for all patients with pineal region tumor is not indicated and use of prophylactic spinal irradiation is considered for the patients with positive craniospinal fluid cytology, meningeal seeding, disease extension along the ventricular wall and biopsy proven germinoma.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.212-219
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• 2016

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and most aggressive type of primary brain tumor in humans. Despite intensive treatment, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, most patients die of the disease. Although the anti-cancer activity of resveratrol has been demonstrated in various cancer cell types, its underlying mechanism in glioma cells is not fully elucidated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of resveratrol on cell viability and to determine the molecular mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. Resveratrol caused the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and resveratrol-induced cell death was prevented by antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine and catalase), suggesting that an oxidative mechanism is responsible for resveratrol-induced cell death. Resveratrol-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and resveratrol-induced cell death were prevented by inhibitors of these kinases. Resveratrol-induced activation of caspase-3 and cell death were prevented by the caspase inhibitors. ERK activation and caspase-3 activation induced by resveratrol was blocked by N-acetylcysteine. Taken together, these results suggest that resveratrol causes a caspase-dependent cell death via activation of ERK, p38, and JNK, mediated by ROS generation, in human glioma cells.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2019

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology characterized by progressive stenosis at the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. The clinical presentations of MMD include transient ischemic attacks (TIA), ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, seizures, headache, and cognitive impairment. MMD is the most important cause of stroke or TIA in children in East Asian countries. A 5-year-3-month old boy with MMD experienced cerebral infarctions five times. Cerebrovascular anastomosis surgery was performed on him four years ago. He had dysphagia, developmental delay, hemiplegia, and strabismus. Besides, a number of dental caries in primary dentition were identified during clinical oral examination. Dental treatment under general anesthesia using sevoflurane was performed due to his lack of cooperation and underlying systemic disease. MMD is associated with various medical diseases requiring thoughtful consideration during dental treatment. Crying and hyperventilation in MMD patients may cause hypocapnia and have a cerebral vasoconstrictive effect. If dental treatment is required, control of pain and anxiety is very important. General anesthesia may be considered for dental treatment in uncooperative or very young patients with MMD.