• 제목/요약/키워드: Brain disorders

검색결과 615건 처리시간 0.024초

Promising candidate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of seizure disorder, infection, inflammation, tumor, and traumatic brain injury in pediatric patients

  • Kim, Seh Hyun;Chae, Soo Ahn
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제65권2호
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    • pp.56-64
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    • 2022
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a dynamic metabolically active body fluid that has many important roles and is commonly analyzed in pediatric patients, mainly to diagnose central nervous system infection and inflammation disorders. CSF components have been extensively evaluated as biomarkers of neurological disorders in adult patients. Circulating microRNAs in CSF are a promising class of biomarkers for various neurological diseases. Due to the complexity of pediatric neurological disorders and difficulty in acquiring CSF samples from pediatric patients, there are challenges in developing CSF biomarkers of pediatric neurological disorders. This review aimed to provide an overview of novel CSF biomarkers of seizure disorders, infection, inflammation, tumor, traumatic brain injuries, intraventricular hemorrhage, and congenital hydrocephalus exclusively observed in pediatric patients.

알코올 선별 검사법(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)과 뇌 백질 영역의 확산텐서 비등방도 계측 값의 관련성 (Relationship between Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Fractional Anisotropy Value of Diffusion Tensor Image in Brain White Matter Region)

  • 이치형;김경립;곽종혁
    • 한국방사선학회논문지
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.575-583
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    • 2022
  • AUDIT(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)에서 정상 음주자, 위험 음주자 및 알코올 사용 장애자로 분류하여 뇌 백질 영역의 ROI(Region Of Interest)에 대한 FA 측정값을 분석하였다. TBSS(Tract-Based Spatial Statics) 도구를 사용하여 ROI의 FA 값을 추출하였다. TBSS라는 도구는 뇌 회백질보다는 백질에 대한 FA값과 MD 값의 민감도가 더 높고 뇌 신경섬유의 비등방도를 정량적으로 도출해 낼 수 있는 장점이 있고 백질에 더 특화된 프로그램이라 할 수 있다. 특히 양쪽 맥락총 평균 차이가 높았고 정상 음주자에서는 FA의 평균값이 0.2831과 0.2872로 나타났으며, 알코올 사용 장애자의 경우 0.1972와 0.1936로 나타났다. 즉, AUDIT 척도에서 점수가 높을수록 뇌 백질의 계측한 모든 ROI 영역에서 FA 값이 더 낮게 측정되는 것을 알 수 있었으며 뇌 백질에 신경 섬유로의 손상에 대한 미세구조 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. AUDIT 척도를 사용하여 DTI의 FA 값에 대한 지침을 제시할 수 있으며 혈액학적 인자의 가이드인 처럼 FA 값을 산정한다면 알코올 사용 장애자의 선별 및 진단에 유용한 검사법이라 사료 된다.

Normal and Disordered Formation of the Cerebral Cortex : Normal Embryology, Related Molecules, Types of Migration, Migration Disorders

  • Lee, Ji Yeoun
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제62권3호
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2019
  • The expansion and folding of the cerebral cortex occur during brain development and are critical factors that influence cognitive ability and sensorimotor skills. The disruption of cortical growth and folding may cause neurological disorders, resulting in severe intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy in humans. Therefore, understanding the mechanism that regulates cortical growth and folding will be crucial in deciphering the key steps of brain development and finding new therapeutic targets for the congenital anomalies of the cerebral cortex. This review will start with a brief introduction describing the anatomy of the brain cortex, followed by a description of our understanding of the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitors and important genes and molecules that are involved in these processes. Finally, various types of disorders that develop due to malformation of the cerebral cortex will be discussed.

외상성 뇌손상 후의 불안장애 (Anxiety Disorders after Traumatic Brain Injury)

  • 김영철
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.46-54
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    • 2000
  • 외상성 뇌손상으로 외상 후 스트레스 장애, 범불안장애, 공황장애, 강박장애, 공포장애 등의 불안장애가 비교적 흔히 발생할 수 있다. 그러나 빈발하는 불안장애인데 비해 의사들로부터 적절하게 관심을 받지도 못했으며 치료받지도 못하였다. 외상성 뇌손상 후 불안장애는 뇌손상 자체에 의해, 뇌손상과 기능상실에 대한 환자 또는 간호인의 반응에 의해 증상이 발생하기도 하고 지속되기도 한다. 의사는 이들 환자들을 진단하고 치료하기 위해서는 우선 뇌손상의 기전과 양상에 대해 지식이 있어야 하며, 불안증상을 호소하는 외상성 뇌손상 환자를 이해하고 수용하고 지지해주는 태도를 취해야 하며, 불안증상이 뇌손상에 의한 것인지 통상적인 불안 증상인지 확인해야 한다. 이들 뇌손상 환자들은 약물의 부작용에 아주 취약하기 때문에 약물치료시에는 약물의 작용기전은 말할 것도 없고 부작용에 대해 잘 알고 있어야 한다.

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Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Mixed Chemosensory Disorder: a Case Study on Taste and Smell Dysfunction

  • Yeong-Gwan Im;Seul Kee Kim;Chung Man Sung;Jae-Hyung Kim
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.181-185
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    • 2023
  • We present a case report of a 52-year-old male patient who suffered head trauma in a car accident and subsequently experienced taste and smell disorders. Following the accident, the patient reported difficulty detecting salty and sour tastes and diminished olfactory perception. Neurosurgical evaluation revealed subarachnoid and subdural hemorrhages, while otolaryngology investigations revealed hyposmia-a decreased sense of smell. Upon referral to the Department of Oral Medicine, a comprehensive assessment revealed a general bilateral reduction in taste sensation, particularly ageusia for salty taste. Electric taste-detection thresholds significantly exceeded the normal ranges. Integrating our findings from neurosurgery, otolaryngology, and oral medicine resulted in a diagnosis of mixed chemosensory disorder attributed to head trauma. This case highlights the intricate interplay of alterations in taste and smell following head injury, emphasizing the significance of multidisciplinary evaluations in diagnosing mixed chemosensory disorders resulting from traumatic brain injury.

이상운동질환에 대한 뇌심부자극 수술 중에 미세전극 기록의 분석과 유용성 (Analysis and Usefulness of Microelectrode Recording during Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery in Movement Disorders)

  • 백재승;박상구;김동준;박찬우;임성혁;현순철
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제51권4호
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    • pp.468-474
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    • 2019
  • 뇌심부자극술은 뇌심부핵에 고주파 전기자극을 전달하여 약물 불응성 이상운동질환을 치료하는 효과적인 방법이다. 그리고 미세전극기록은 뇌심부자극 수술 중에 MRI와 함께 뇌심부핵의 위치를 정확히 파악하여 수술 결과를 향상시키고 부작용을 최소화 할 수 있는 보조적인 검사이다. 본 논문의 목적은 이상운동질환에 대한 뇌심부자극 수술 중에 실시한 미세전극기록을 분석하여 신경생리학적 파형과 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 2018년 1월부터 12월까지 이상운동질환에 대한 뇌심부자극 수술 중에 미세전극기록를 실시한 환자 대상으로 후향적 조사를 하였다. 총 28명의 환자 중에 시상하핵은 38 개의 MER, 내측 담창구는 10개의 MER, 복내측 시상핵은 4개의 MER을 실시했다. 모두 목표지점을 찾았고 미세자극을 이용해서 부작용의 여부를 확인하고 목표지점을 재조정하였다. 수술 후 총 28명의 환자에서 모두 임상 증상은 호전되었다. 결론적으로. 미세전극기록은 신경생리학적 파형을 이용해서 MRI와 함께 정확한 뇌심부핵 부위를 파악해서 이상운동질환에 대한 뇌심부자극 수술 결과를 향상시키고 부작용을 최소화할 수 있는 유용한 검사이다.

Altered patterns of brain activity during transient anger among young males with alcohol use disorders: A preliminary study

  • Park, Mi-Sook;Sohn, Sunju;Seok, Ji-Woo;Kim, Eun-Hye;Sohn, Jin-Hun
    • 감성과학
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.55-64
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    • 2015
  • The aim of the study was to investigate the neural substrates associated with processing anger among young males with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Eighteen individuals with AUD and 15 demographically similar non-abusers participated in the study. Participants were scanned on their brain functioning while they viewed an audio-visual film clip that was previously designed specifically to induce anger emotion, followed by anpsychological assessment. Greater brain activities were detected in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) among subjects with AUD compared to the controls during the exposure to anger-provoking stimuli. Despite the same level of subjective anger during anger induction, the greater activations both in the IFG and dACC regions may suggestthat individuals with AUD have a greater propensity to undergo cognitive control and self-regulation while experiencing anger.

시지각 및 구성능력의 신경심리학적 평가 (Neuropsychological Evaluation of Visual Perception and Construction)

  • 이창욱;오병훈
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.24-28
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    • 1997
  • Visual perception is a complex process engaging many different aspects of brain functioning. Like other cognitive functions, the extensive cortical distribution and complexity of visual perceptional activites make them hihgly vulnerable to brain injury. Dectection and characterization of perceptual disorders require a careful clinical assessment as well as the application of selected neuropsychological tests. In this article we reviewed neuropsychological assessment of visual perception and constructional abilities. And the principal visuospatial disorders are discussed, the associated neuropsychiatric disorders are presented.

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외상성 뇌 손상 환자의 신경정신과 영역 치료 (Neuropsychiatric Treatment of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury)

  • 정한용
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 1998
  • The neuropsychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury are effects on complex aspect of cognition, emotion and behavior. They include problems with attention and arousal, concentration, executive function, intellectual changes, memory inpairments, personality changes, affective disorders, anxiety disorders, psychosis, apathy, aggression, and irritability. There are many useful therapeutic approaches available for people who have been brain injuries. Although a multifactioral, multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to treatment is proposed, for purposes of exposition the author have divided treatment into psychopharmacological, cognitive, behavioral, psychological, and social interventions.

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Intranasal Photobiomodulation Therapy for Brain Conditions: A Review

  • Yoo, Shin Hyuk
    • Medical Lasers
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.132-137
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    • 2021
  • The effects of low-level laser irradiation on cells and tissues, known as photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), are the basis of photomedicine. Several investigations have evaluated the therapeutic effects of PBMT for neuronal regeneration and differentiation in animal models and humans. Recently, intranasal PBMT (iN-PBMT) has shown potential as a treatment method for neurologic disorders. In this review, we have summarized the various modes of iN-PBMT delivery and their application in the treatment of brain disorders.