• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2016

Background: Failure to maintain a patent airway can result in brain damage or death. In patients with mandibular prognathism or retrognathism, intubation is generally thought to be difficult. We determined the degree of difficulty of airway management in patients with mandibular deformity using anatomic criteria to define and grade difficulty of endotracheal intubation with direct laryngoscopy. Methods: Measurements were performed on 133 patients with prognathism and 33 with retrognathism scheduled for corrective esthetic surgery. A case study was performed on 89 patients with a normal mandible as the control group. In all patients, mouth opening distance (MOD), mandibular depth (MD), mandibular length (ML), mouth opening angle (MOA), neck extension angle (EXT), neck flexion angle (FLX), thyromental distance (TMD), inter-notch distance (IND), thyromental area (TMA), Mallampati grade, and Cormack and Lehane grade were measured. Results: Cormack and Lehane grade I was observed in 84.2%, grade II in 15.0%, and grade III in 0.8% of mandibular prognathism cases; among retrognathism cases, 45.4% were grade I, 27.3% grade II, and 27.3% grade III; among controls, 65.2% were grade I, 26.9% were grade II, and 7.9% were grade III. MOD, MOA, ML, TMD, and TMA were greater in the prognathism group than in the control and retrognathism groups (P < 0.05). The measurements of ML were shorter in retrognathism than in the control and prognathism groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Laryngoscopic intubation was easier in patients with prognathism than in those with normal mandibles. However, in retrognathism, the laryngeal view grade was poor and the ML was an important factor.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.531-550
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• 2023

Purpose: The unique nature of life-and-death healthcare services sets them apart from other service industries. While many studies exist on the relationship between healthcare services and customer satisfaction, most of them focus on mildly ill patients, ignoring the differences between critically ill and non-seriously ill patients. This study discusses the actual quality of healthcare services for patients who are facing life-threatening illnesses and are on life support, as well as their right to protection and dignity. Methods: The survey conducted to 149 patients with the four major illnesses: cancer, heart disease, brain disease and rare and incurable disease, those who have experiences with senior general hospitals. Results: The basic statistics of this study are adequate to represent the four major critical illnesses, and the reliability and validity of this study's hypotheses, which were measured by multiple items, were analyzed, and the internal consistency was judged to be high. In addition, it was found that the convergent validity was good and the discriminant validity was also secured. When examining the goodness of fit of the hypotheses, the SRMR, which is the standardized root mean square of residuals that measures the difference between the covariance matrix of the data variables and the theoretical covariance matrix structure of the model, met the optimal criteria. Conclusion: The academic implications of this study are differentiated from other studies by moving away from evaluating the quality of healthcare services for mildly ill patients and focusing on the rights and dignity of patients with life-threatening illnesses in four senior general hospitals. In terms of academic implications, this study enriches the depth of related studies by demonstrating the right to protection and dignity as a factor of patient-centeredness based on physical environment quality, interaction quality, and outcome quality, which are presented as sub-factors of healthcare quality. We found that the three quality factors classified by Brady and Cronin (2001) are optimized for healthcare quality assessment and management, and that the results of patients' interaction quality assessment can be used to provide a comprehensive quality rating for hospitals. Health and human rights are inextricably linked, so assessing the degree to which rights and dignity are protected can be a superior and more comprehensive measurement tool than traditional health level measures for healthcare organizations. Practical implications: Improving the quality of the physical environment and the quality of outcomes is an important challenge for hospital managers who attract patients with life and death conditions, but given the scale and economics of time, money, and human inputs, improving the quality of interactions and defining them as performance indicators in hospital quality management is an efficient way to create maximum value in the short term.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2008

Objective : Cerebral vasospasm still remains a major cause of the morbidity and mortality, despite the developments in treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The authors measured the utility and benefits of external lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to prevent the clinical vasospasm and its sequelae after endovascular coiling on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in this randomized study. Methods : Between January 2004 and March 2006, 280 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were treated at our institution. Among them, 107 patients met our study criteria. The treatment group consisted of 47 patients who underwent lumbar CSF drainage during vasospasm risk period (about for 14 days after SAH), whereas the control group consisted of 60 patients who received the management according to conventional protocol without lumbar CSF drainage. We created our new modified Fisher grade on the basis of initial brain computed tomography (CT) scan at admission. The authors established five outcome criteria as follows : 1) clinical vasospasm; 2) GOS score at 1-month to 6-month follow-up; 3) shunt procedures for hydrocephalus; 4) the duration of stay in the ICU and total hospital stay; 5) mortality rate. Results : The incidence of clinical vasospasm in the lumbar drain group showed 23.4% compared with 63.3% of individuals in the control group. Moreover, the risk of death in the lumbar drain group showed 2.1 % compared with 15% of individuals in the control group. Within individual modified Fisher grade, there were similar favorable results. Also, lumbar drain group had twice more patients than the control group in good GOS score of 5. However, there were no statistical significances in mean hospital stay and shunt procedures between the two groups. IVH was an important factor for delayed hydrocephalus regardless of lumbar drain. Conclusion : Lumbar CSF drainage remains to playa prominent role to prevent clinical vasospasm and its sequelae after endovascular coiling on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Also, this technique shows favorable effects on numerous neurological outcomes and prognosis. The results of this study warrant clinical trials after endovascular treatment in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1997

목 적 : 소아의 결핵성 뇌막염은 소아 결핵중 가장 심한 후유증을 남기므로 조기 발견과 치료를 요하는 질환으로 국내에서의 소아 결핵성 뇌막염 발생은 1980년대에 와서 전반적으 로 다른 폐외결핵과 함께 현저히 감소된 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 소아 결핵이 소멸되고 있지 않은 우리나라 실정에서 실제 결핵성 뇌막염은 지속적으로 발생되며, 발병이 낮아진 상황으로 인하여 임상 경험 결여와 무관심에 따른 문제점이 예견되고 있다. 이러한 관점에 서 전형적 또는 비전형적 소아 결핵성 뇌막염의 진단, 임상 특성, 합병증 및 예후 등에 관한 임상 연구는 요구되어 본 연구를 시행하게 되었다. 대상 및 방법 : 1985년부터 1996년 사이에 가톨릭의대부속 성모자애 병원, 성가 병원, 성 빈센트 병원, 의정부 성모 병원에 결핵성 뇌막염으로 진단되어 입원 치료 및 경과 관찰이 이루어진 44명의 환아를 대상으로 하였다. 이들 대상 환아들에서 결핵성 뇌막염의 진단적 기준, 초기 임상 특성, 신경학적 단계에따른 예후, 동반 합병증, 뇌 척수액 및 방사선 검사 소견들에 관한 내용을 의무 기록 내용을 통하여 후향적으로 연구하였다. 결과 : 1) 소아 결핵성 뇌막염의 발생은 1980년대 중반 이후에도 지속 되고 있으며, 3세 이하의 연령에서 높은 발병이 관찰되었다. 2) 이 질환의 진단은 활동성 결핵 환자와의 접촉력, 양성 결핵 반응, 항 결핵제 치료 반응, 뇌척수액 및 이외 가검물에서 결핵균 분리 또는 확인된 순으로 이루어 졌다. 이들 환아 들의 16%는 BCG 접종을 실시하지 않은 경우였고, 40%에서만 결핵 반응 검사상 양성이었다. 3) 내원시 주증세는 발열, 구토, 두통, 권면, 식욕 감소, 체중 감소, 경부 강직, 경련, 복통, 운동 장애순이었다. 4) 내원시 신경적 단계는 1단계 59%, 2단계 32%, 3단계 9%이었고, 합병증으로는 경한 신 경 손상이 29.5%, 중한 손상이 4.6% 그리고 사망한 경우가 6.8%이었다. 5) 뇌척수액 검사상 염증 세포가 평균 $239.5/mm^3$, 단백은 펑균 239.5mg%, 당은 40.7mg%이었다. 그러나 31.8%에서 염증 세포, 단백 및 당의 검사 소견이 이와같지 않은 비정형 뇌척수액 소견이 보였다. 6) 입원 약 4병일정도에서 SIADH 소견이 약 45.5%에서 보였으며, 이들중 반 정도에서 SIADH 임상 소견이 관찰되었다. 7) 뇌단층 촬영상 뇌수종, 뇌기저막 음영 증가, 혈류장애, 지주하막 염증순으로 이상 소견 이 34명에서 관찰되었다. 흉부 X선상 속립성 결핵(34.1%), 정상(29.5%), 폐침윤(11.4%), 석회 화 음영(9.1%)의 소견을 보였다. 결 론 : 국내의 소아 결핵은 과거에 비해 뚜렷한 감소를 보였으나 지속적 발생이 관찰되었고, 이들중 비정형 결핵성 뇌막염의 비율이 높아 광범위한 진단적 기준을 활용하여 조기 진단에 많은 고려가 있어야 하며 뇌 영상 검사의 적극적 활용도 필요함을 확인하였다. 그리 고 SIADH에 대한소견도 임상 경과중에 고려해야할 사항으로 인지해야 할 것이다.