• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.441-446
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• 1990

Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs, characterized by severe reproductive failure in sows and sudden death in less than 7 day-old-piglets, a period of several months from October to December of 1989, in Korea was occurred. The most outstanding gross lesions at necropsy were found in the heart which were consisted of pale, yellow brown necrotic foci of varying size in myocardium. In some cases, pulmonary edema and liver congestion were observed. Histopathology of the heart revealed the interstitial myocarditis, endocarditis and epicarditis with lymphocytic, plasmacytic and macrophage cell infiltration and, in some cases, calcification of the necrotic myocardial muscle fibers. In some cases of brain, the perivascular cuffing and glial nodules were observed. In the liver and the lacrimal gland varying degrees of multifocal necrosis were seen. The virus was isolated from the heart and the brain in a stillborn piglet and a mummified fetus. This outbreak represents the first case of encephalomyocarditis virus infection of pigs in Korea.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.19
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• 2023

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4⁺ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628) formulated in different adjuvants as subunit booster in BCG-primed mice against hypervirulent clinical Mtb strain K (Mtb K). Compared to BCG-only or subunit-only vaccine, BCG prime and subunit boost regimen exhibited significantly enhanced Th1 response. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity to the combined Ags when formulated with four different types of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvants: 1) dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), MPL, and trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) in liposome form (DMT), 2) MPL and Poly I:C in liposome form (MP), 3) MPL, Poly I:C, and QS21 in liposome form (MPQ), and 4) MPL and Poly I:C in squalene emulsion form (MPS). MPQ and MPS displayed greater adjuvancity in Th1 induction than DMT or MP did. Especially, BCG prime and subunit-MPS boost regimen significantly reduced the bacterial loads and pulmonary inflammation against Mtb K infection when compared to BCG-only vaccine at a chronic stage of TB disease. Collectively, our findings highlighted the importance of adjuvant components and formulation to induce the enhanced protection with an optimal Th1 response.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2002

These cases were performed on the bases of clinical consideration about patients who had Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection. One patient was a 67-years-old women who had sequela of inter cranial hemorrhage & inter ventricular hemorrhage, hypertention, urinary tract infection and pneumonia. Clinical symptoms were intermittent fever, sputum, Lt. side hemiparesis and dysphagia. She was chronic, repeated infection state. It could be regarded as "unpreparedness of the spirit which animates and controls the universe; 正氣虛", the oriental term which indicates a condition of chronic disease or general weakness. According to the oriental medicine principle, oriental medicine was taken such as Wunggunza-tang(六君子湯) and the patient had taken a turn for the better. After 3 months, MRSA infection diappeared. The other patient was a 43-years-old women who had Both brain stem infarction, Lt. cerebellar infarction, hypercholesterolemia, urinary tract infection and pneumonia, Clinical symptoms were quadriplegia, dysphagia(levin tube insert state), aphasia, respiration disorder(tracheostomy cannular keep state) and sputum. She was chronic, repeated infection state. It could be regarded as "unpreparedness of spleen energy, unpreparedness of both energy and blood; 脾氣虛, 氣血兩虛", the oriental term which indicates a condition of chronic disease or immunodeficiency. According to the oriental medicine principle, oriental medicine was taken such as Bojungyggi-tang(補中益氣湯), Palmul-tang(八物湯) and the patient had taken a turn for the better. After I month, MRSA was turned into Escherichia coli.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.72-76
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• 2016

골화석증은 골격의 경화증이 특징적으로 나타나는 드문 유전 질환으로 뼈 흡수 기전에 손상이 오며 조기 사망하는 질환이다. 반면 거대세포바이러스 감염은 가장 흔한 선천성 감염 중 하나로 빈혈, 혈소판 감소증과 간비장종대, 뇌 석회화 등이 나타날 수 있다. 심한 간비비대, 혈소판 감소증 및 저칼슘혈증과 발달지연으로 내원한 환자에서 두 가지 질환이 함께 있어 항바이러스제 치료 및 대증치료를 시행하였고, 치료 반응이 빠르게 나타나지는 않았으나 지속적인 치료 결과 대부분의 수치가 정상화 되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 증례는 골화석증 신생아에게 동반된 거대세포바이러스 감염의 첫 증례 보고로, 거대세포바이러스 감염에 대한 항바이러스제의 장기 치료로 호전된 사례이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2007

Objective : Civilian gunshot injuries to the brain are relatively rare and study of these injuries has been neglected in South Korea. We present our experience with penetrating gunshot injuries to the brain and review the outcome of surgical management, as well as other clinical predictors influencing the prognosis. Methods : We present a retrospective analysis of 13 patients with penetrating gunshot injuries to the brain who were treated at our hospital over a period of 22 years. Results : The Glasgow Coma Scale[GCS] score on admission was recorded to be : 3-5 in 1 patient, 6-8 in 3 patients, 9-12 in 2 patients and 13-15 in 7 patients. There were 11 patients who underwent surgical treatment, and the surgical mortality rate was 0%. The admission GCS score was the most valuable prognostic factor. The best results were found to be in patients admitted with an initial GCS higher than 13. There were no favorable outcomes in patients admitted with a GCS of 8 or lower. There was a correlation between the presence of a transventricular or bihemispheric trajectory and poor outcome. The patients admitted with unilobar wounds resulted in better outcome than those with bilobar or multilobar wounds. Retained deep intracranial bone or metal fragments were the most common postoperative complication. However, retained fragments did not increase the risk of infection or seizure. Conclusion : Our results suggest that a less aggressive approach, consisting of minimal local debridement and removal of the bone and metal fragments that are easily accessible, can be successfully used in civilian gunshot wounds to the brain.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

Parvimonas micra는 아포 비형성 혐기성 그람 양성 알균으로, 피부, 잇몸, 질, 위장관 등에 정상 상재균으로 존재하며 주로 치과 치료 등의 침습적 치료 후 기회 감염을 일으킬 수 있다. 저자들은 최근 1년 이내 치과 질환을 포함한 특이 과거력이 없는 11세 소아에서 P. micra에 의해 발생한 뇌농양을 경험하여 보고하고자 한다. 환자는 내원 7일 전부터 두통, 구토가 발생하였으며, 내원일 복시가 발생하였다. 뇌 자기공명영상에서 좌측 전두정엽 뇌농양으로 진단한 후 수술적 배농을 시행하였으며, 수술 시 흡인한 검체의 혐기성 세균 배양 검사에서 P. micra가 동정되었다. 수술 후 6주간 ceftriaxone과 metronidazole 항생제 병합요법으로 치료한 후 재발 없이 안정된 상태를 보이고 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2011

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease due to infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, and it can cause serious consequences for women's health. To study the virulence factors of this pathogen, T. vaginalis surface proteins were investigated using polyclonal antibodies specific to the membrane fractions of T. vaginalis. The T. vaginalis expression library was constructed by cloning the cDNA derived from mRNA of T. vaginalis into a phage ${\lambda}$ Uni-ZAP XR vector, and then used for immunoscreening with the anti-membrane proteins of T. vaginalis antibodies. The immunoreactive proteins identified included adhesion protein AP65-1, ${\alpha$-actinin, kinesin-associated protein, teneurin, and 2 independent hypothetical proteins. Immunofluorescence assays showed that AP65-1, one of the identified immunogenic clones, is prevalent in the whole body of T. vaginalis. This study led us to identify T. vaginalis proteins which may stimulate immune responses by human cells.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1985

Naegleria fowleri의 감염에 의한 생쥐의 원발성 아메바성 뇌수막염의 발생에 prednisolone투여가 어떠한 영향을 주는가를 관찰한 바 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 각 실험군 별로 $1{\times}10^5$의 N. fowleri를 감염시킨 후 생존기간을 관찰하였더니, prednisolone을 투여한 제1군의 평균 생존기간은 10.2일, 제2군은 10.6일, 제3군은은 11.3일로써 prednisolon을 투여한 군이 비투여군에 비하여 유의하게 생존기간이 단축됨을 알 수 있었으며, prednisolon투여군인 제1, 2, 3군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었으나 전투여군인 제1군에서 생존시간이 단축되는 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 각 실험군 별로 감염 이후 20일까지 체중의 변화를 관찰한 결과, prenisolone 투여군에서는 서로 비슷한 양상을 나타내었는데 투여하는 시기부터 어느 정도 감소하다가 일정한 시간이 지나면서 회복현상을 나타내었다. 또한 prednisolon만 투여한 제 IV군에 비하여 제1, 2, 3군에서 체중이 더욱 심하게 감소하는 현상을 나타내었다. 그리고 대조군은 감염 8일 후부터 감소하기는 하였으나 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 보아 체중감소현상은 주로 prednisolone에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 3. Prednisolone 투여한 감염군은 대조군에 비하여 뇌와 폐조직에서 비교적 심한 병변이 나타났음을 알 수 있었다. 4. 감염된 생쥐의 임상증세는 감염 후 며칠이 지나면 머리를 비비고 고개를 떨구며, 식욕부진이 나타나 먹이를 먹지 않다가 발작이 오고, 빈사상태가 되어 사망하게 된다. 대부분의 생쥐에서 이러한 증세가 나타나는데, prednisolone 투여군에서는 감염 5일 이후부터 증세가 나타나는 경향을 보였고, 대조군은 감염 8일 이후에야 나타나 10일경에 사망하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합항 보면 prednisolone을 투여하여 인위적으로 면역반응을 억제시켜 줄 경우 N. fowleri에 감염된 생쥐의 생존기간은 단축되고 병변도 더욱 심하게 나타나며, 감염전에 투여해 주는 것이 가장 치명적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2015

Group D streptococci are known to cause newborn septicemia and meningitis, but the Streptococcus bovis group strains rarely cause serious neonatal infections in Korea. Central nervous system (CNS) complications of neonatal S. bovis group infection have rarely been reported. In adults, S. bovis group strains cause bacteremia and endocarditis, and are associated with gastrointestinal malignancy. However, only a few studies have reported meningitis and septicemia in infants. Here, we describe a case of bacteremia and meningitis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus with a delayed CNS complication in an infant. A 28-day-old male infant was admitted to the hospital with a 1-day history of fever. Cultures of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine showed the presence of S. bovis group strain-S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. He was discharged after 21 days of intravenous ampicillin and cefotaxime administration. Two weeks later, he was readmitted with a fever and short episodes of tonic-clonic movements. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed marked bilateral frontal subdural effusion. He was discharged after 31 days of antibiotic therapy, and no neurological sequelae were observed at the 9-month follow-up. In conclusion, we present a rare case of neonatal S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection causing urinary tract infection, septicemia, meningitis, and delayed CNS complications. This case emphasizes the need for physicians to be aware of S. bovis infection in infants.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2007

Adenoviral vectors are among the most promising vectors available for human gene therapy. However, the use of recombinant adenoviral vectors, including replicationcompetent adenovirus (RCA), raises a variety of safety concerns in relation to the development of new therapies based on gene therapy. To examine how organic compounds change in rat plasma following the injection of adenovirus, $\beta$-galactosidase expressing recombinant adenovirus (designated rAdLacZ) or RCA, we investigated the content of fatty acids (FAs), which are important biochemical indicators in pathological conditions. Pattern recognition analysis on the level of FAs in rat plasma is described for the visual discrimination of adenovirus infection groups from normal controls. Plasma FAs from four control rats (normal group), and from four rats with rAdLacZ infection and six rats with RCA infection (the two abnormal groups), were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring modes as their tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. In total, 20 FAs were positively detected and quantified. The results of the Student's t-test on the normal mean of two abnormal groups, the levels of three FAs (p<0.05) from rAdLacZ group and eleven FAs (p<0.05) from RCA group were significantly different. When star symbol plotting was applied to the group mean values of 20 FAs after normalization to the corresponding normal mean values, the resulting eicosagonal star patterns of the two infected groups were distorted into similar shapes, but were distinguishable from each other. Thus, these approaches will be useful for screening and monitoring of diagnostic markers for the effects of infection following the use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy.