• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2014

This paper presents an analysis of the results of an experimental program on the performance of a novel configuration of a hybrid FRP-concrete beam. The beam section consists of a GFRP pultruded profile, a CFRP laminate, and a concrete block all wrapped up using filament winding. It was found that the thickness of the concrete block and the confinement by the filament-wound wrapping had a profound effect on the energy dissipation behaviour of the beam. Using a shear punching model, and comparing the predicted results with the experimental ones, it was found that beyond a given value of the concrete block thickness, the deformational behaviour of the beam shifts from brittle to ductile. It was also found that the filament-wound wrap had many benefits such as providing a composite action between the concrete block and the GFRP box, improving the stiffness of the beam, and most importantly, enhancing the load carrying ability through induced confinement of the concrete.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

Focused ion beams are a potential tool for micro/nano structure fabrication while several problems still have to be overcome. Redeposition of sputtered atoms limits the accurate fabrication of micro/nano structures. The challenge lies in accurately controlling the focused ion beam to fabricate various arbitrary curved shapes. In this paper a basic approach for the focused ion beam induced direct fabricate of fundamental features is presented. This approach is based on the topography simulation which naturally considers the redeposition of sputtered atoms and sputtered yield changes. Fundamental features such as trapezoidal, circular and triangular were fabricated with this approach using single or multiple pass box milling. The beam diameter(FWHM) and maximum current density are 68 nm and $0.8 A/cm^2$, respectively. The experimental investigations show that the fabricated shape is well suited for the pre-designed fundamental features. The characteristics of ion beam induced direct fabrication and shape formation will be discussed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.355-369
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• 2004

This paper presents a study of four finite element techniques that can be used to model slabon-beam highway bridges. The feasibility and correctness of each modeling technique are examined by applying them to a prestressed concrete I-beam bridge and a prestressed concrete box-beam bridge. Other issues related to bridge modeling such as torsional constant, support conditions, and quality control check are studied in detail and discussed in the paper. It is found that, under truck loading, the bending stress distribution in a beam section depends on the modeling technique being utilized. It is observed that the behavior of the bridge superstructure can be better represented when accounting for composite behavior between the supporting beams and slab.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.115-130
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• 2004

The flexural ductility of solid rectangular reinforced concrete beams has been studied quite extensively. However, many reinforced concrete beams are neither solid nor rectangular; examples include T-, ${\Gamma}$-, ${\Pi}$- and box-shaped beams. There have been few studies on the flexural ductility of non-rectangular reinforced concrete beams and as a result little is known about the possible effect of sectional shape on flexural ductility. Herein, the effect of sectional shape on the post-peak flexural behaviour of reinforced normal and high-strength concrete beams has been studied using a newly developed analysis method that employs the actual stress-strain curves of the constitutive materials and takes into account the stress-path dependence of the stress-strain curve of the steel reinforcement. It was revealed that the sectional shape could have significant effect on the flexural ductility of a concrete beam and that the flexural ductility of a T-, ${\Gamma}$-, ${\Pi}$- or box-shaped beam is generally lower than that of a solid rectangular beam with the same overall dimensions and the same amount of reinforcement provided. Based on the numerical results obtained, a simple method of ensuring the provision of a certain minimum level of flexural ductility to non-rectangular concrete beams has been developed.

• Composites Research
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 폐쇄형 단면을 갖는 박판 복합재료 보의 정밀 i차원 보 해석모델을 개발하였다. 혼합보 이론을 이용하여 복합재료 보에 대한 전단 흐름 분포 및 단면 강성 행렬에 대한 엄밀해 표현식을 유도하였다. 이를 단일 세포 상자형 단면을 갖는 복합재료 보에 적용하여 상자형 보의 단면 강성행렬에 대한 엄밀해 표현식을 얻었다. 상자형 복합재료 보의 전단 중심을 계산하였으며, 전단 변형 효과가 폐쇄형 단면 보의 정적 거동에 미치는 영향에 대해서 고찰하였다. MSC/Nastran을 이용한 유한요소 해석을 통하여 본 연구의 타당성을 도였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2018

Recently, U-section decks have been more and more used in metro and light rail bridges as an innovative concept in bridge deck design and a successful alternative to conventional box girders because of their potential advantages. U-section may be viewed as a single vent box girder eliminating the top slab connecting the webs, with the moving vehicles travelling on the lower deck. U-section bridges thus solve many problems like limited vertical clearance underneath the bridge lowest point, besides providing built-in noise barriers. Beam theory in mechanics assumes that plane section remains plane after bending, but it was found that shearing forces produce shear deformations and the plane section does not remain plane. This phenomenon leads to distortion of the cross section. For a box or a U section, this distortion makes the central part of the slab lagging behind those parts closer to the webs and this is known as shear lag effect. A sample real-world double-track U-section metro bridge is modelled in this paper using a commercial finite element analysis program and is analysed under various loading conditions and for different geometric variations. The three-dimensional finite element analysis is used to demonstrate variations in the transverse bending moments in the deck as well as variations in the longitudinal normal stresses induced in the cross section along the U-girder's span thus capturing warping and shear lag effects which are then compared to the stresses calculated using conventional beam theory. This comparison is performed not only to locate the distortion, warping and shear lag effects typically induced in U-section bridges but also to assess the main parameters influencing them the most.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.433-441
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 원형기둥과 상자형보로 이루어진 접합부의 응력분포에 관하여 검토하였다. 접합각도를 변수로 하는 총 12개의 비충전 및 충전 원형기둥-상자형보 접합부에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 접합부의 수직 및 전단응력 분포특성을 파악하기 위해 우선 기존 설계식에서 주로 사용하고 있는 환산깊이 dc'및 추가적의 환산깊이를 도입하여 검토하였고 이를 적용하여 계산한 응력값을 실험값과 비교.검토하였다. 그 결과 비충전 및 충전접합부의 수직 및 전단응력 실험값은 설계식에 의한 값과 많은 차이점을 나타냄을 알 수 있었고, 환산깊이 dc'은 접합각도가 커질수록 급격히 감소하여 설게식에 적용하기에는 한계가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 충전 접합부가 비충전 접합부에 비해 작은 응력값을 나타냈으며 충전접합부의 실험값을 비충전 접합부의 응력산정 방법을 준용하는 현행 설계식의 값과 비교. 분석하였다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 기둥에 축방향 하중을 받고 있는 강재 상자단면 접합부의 강도를 이론적 해석적 검토를 통하여 평가하였다. 2층 교각구조에서는 기둥에 작용하고 있는 축방향 하중의 영향으로 T형 접합부 강도가 저하되게 된다. 이러한 현상을 검토하기 위해 비선형 유한요소해석을 수행하였고, 실험결과와의 비교를 통하여 유한요소 해석프로그램 및 해석방법의 타당성을 검증하였다. 강재라멘교각 접합부의 설계변수 중 패널존의 폭-두께비 파라메타와 플랜지와 복부판의 단면적비 및 기둥에 작용하는 축방향 하중의 영향을 비선형 유한요소해석을 통하여 검토하였다. 또한 이 연구에서는 축방향 하중의 증가에 따른 T형 상자단면 접합부의 응력분포를 이용하여 이론적인 강도평가식을 유도하였다. 또한 1층 교각 구조의 상자단면 접합부 강도특성과 비교하였다. 결국, 패널존의 폭-두께비 파라메타와 단면적비의 영향을 고려하여 T형 접합부의 강도평가식을 제안하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2008

The nonlinear structural analyses of high-aspect-ratio structures were performed. For the high-aspect-ratio structures, it is important to understand geometric nonlinearity due to large deflections. To consider geometric nonlinearity, finite element analyses based on the large deflection beam theory were introduced. Comparing experimental data and the present nonlinear analysis results, the current results were proved to be very accurate for the static and dynamic behaviors for both isotropic and anisotropic beams.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.279-295
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• 2011

A solution of space curved bars with generalized Winkler soil found by means of Transfer Matrix Method is presented. Distributed, concentrated loads and imposed strains are applied to the beam as well as rigid or elastic boundaries are considered at the ends. The proposed approach gives the analytical and numerical exact solution for circular beams and rings, loaded in the plane or perpendicular to it. A well-approximated solution can be found for general space curved bars with complex geometry. Elastic foundation is characterized by six parameters of stiffness in different directions: three for rectilinear springs and three for rotational springs. The beam has axial, shear, bending and torsional stiffness. Numerical examples are given in order to solve practical cases of straight and curved foundations. The presented method can be applied to a wide range of problems, including the study of tanks, shells and complex foundation systems. The particular case of box girder distortion can also be studied through the beam on elastic foundation (BEF) analogy.