• CELLMED
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.4
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• 2021

Background: Amavata is a disease that occurs as a result of the error of metabolism. Poor dietary habits and faulty Dincharya (daily regimen) and ritucharya (seasonal regimen) leading to deranged metabolism and Agni (metabolic fire) which results in the formation of Ama(undigested product of metabolism). When Amaconceals with Vata(subtle energy associated with movement) and circulates in the body under the influence of Vyana Vayu (omnipresent air)it clogs the srotasas (microchannels) and initiates the inflammatory cascade. Amavata is commonly correlated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) while other forms of auto-immune disorders can also be included in Amavata.Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota (GM) has been connected to the onset of diverse autoimmune diseases. In this study, it was hypothesized that Panchakarma (bio-purificatory methods) based intervention such as Virechana Karma (therapeutic purgation) may influence microbiota. Materials and Methods: Various Ayurvedic literature were reviewed for the etiopathogenesis of Amavata. Different databases were searched with research papers related to Gut Dysbiosis and autoimmunity and management of RA. A connecting link between Intestinal Dysbiosis with the autoimmune mechanisms was established and it was also found that the bowel cleansing introduced a change to the GM. Conclusion: It was concluded that Virechana karma is effective in gut flora Dysbiosis. This study aims to correlate the ancient Ayurvedic principles related to Agni Bala(metabolic energy) and biopurificatory treatment modalities like Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation)with the modern concept of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. The article creates an understanding about principles of Ayurveda and its rationality in today's scientific world and thereby opens newer vistas of research in therapeutics from Ayurveda, which may be helpful in the management of various immune-mediated Diseases through Ayurveda.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.178-203
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• 2024

Constipation, which refers to difficulties in defecation and infrequent bowel movement in emptying the gastrointestinal system that ultimately produces hardened fecal matters, is a health concern in livestock and aging animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential effects of dairy-isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains to alleviate constipation as an alternative therapeutic intervention for constipation treatment in the aging model. Rats were aged via daily subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (600 mg/body weight [kg]), prior to induction of constipation via oral administration of loperamide hydrochloride (5 mg/body weight [kg]). LAB strains (L. fermentum USM 4189 or L. plantarum USM 4187) were administered daily via oral gavage (1 × 10 Log CFU/day) while the control group received sterile saline. Aged rats as shown with shorter telomere lengths exhibited increased fecal bulk and soften fecal upon administration of LAB strains amid constipation as observed using the Bristol Stool Chart, accompanied by a higher fecal moisture content as compared to the control (p < 0.05). Fecal water-soluble metabolite profiles showed a reduced concentration of threonine upon administration of LAB strains compared to the control (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis also showed that the administration of LAB strains contributed to a higher colonic goblet cell count as compared to the control (p < 0.05). The present study illustrates the potential of dairy-sourced LAB strains as probiotics to ameliorate the adverse effect of constipation amid aging, and as a potential dietary intervention strategy for dairy foods including yogurt and cheese.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.391-395
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was performed evaluate optimal dose for disimpaction, efficacy and safety of PEG 4000 in children with chronic functional constipation. Methods : Eighty six children with chronic functional constipation were enrolled in this prospective study at Konkuk university hospital March, 2003 through August, 2006. Success in disimpaction with PEG 4000 was defined as meeting at least two out of three criteria; resolution of chief complaint, getting easiness of defecation with respect to frequency of bowel movement and hardness of stool based on defecation diary, and decrease in fecal impaction on simple abdominal X-ray test. Adverse effects of PEG 4000 were monitored clinically and biochemically. Results : Eighty three out of 86 children completed the study, and success rate of disimpaction was 99% (82/83). The mean dose of PEG 4000 for disimpaction was $0.93{\pm}0.28g/kg/day$ (0.4-2.0 g/kg/day, Max.: 30 g/day). Frequency of bowel movement increased ($5.02{\pm}2.71/wk$ vs. $11.25{\pm}5.43/wk$) in most children (79/83). Fecal impaction on simple abdominal X-ray test improved with statistical significance in 25 children (P=0.0007). Because of adverse effect of PEG 4000, 3 children did not complete the study; urticaria, severe diarrhea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. One 6-year-old girl who completed the study complained tingling sensation in the hand and foot without laboratory abnormality (4/86, 4.7%). Laboratory test revealed hyperosmolality without clinical symptom in 1 child, and eosinophilia in 6 children. Conclusion : The average safe and effective dose of PEG 4000 for disimpaction was $0.93{\pm}0.28g/kg/day$ (0.4-2.0 g/kg/day, Max : 30 g/day) in children with chronic functional constipation.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.428-435
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of instant gruel containing ear mushroom and black rice with the goal of improving the added value and increasing the consumption of ear mushroom. To make ear mushroom instant gruel using the puffing technique, the proportion of white rice to black rice and the amounts of dried ear mushroom added ranged from 75~100% : 25~0% and 0~4%, respectively. Based on rapid visco analysis (RVA) of gruel powder, peak viscosity, holding strength, final viscosity and set back increased as we increased the proportion of dried ear mushroom and decreased that of black rice. The gruel made of 80% white rice : 20% black rice and 3% dried ear mushroom contained $18.53{\mu}g/100g$ vitamin $D_2$, 3.73 g/100 g dietary fiber and is therefore expected to improve bone health and bowel movement. Also, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity for this gruel was 56.7%, which indicates high antioxidant activity. In contrast, using 100% white rice or 75% white rice : 25% black rice adversely affected the taste and flavor of the gruel.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2011

1. Objective: This literary review investigates Lee Jema's clinical experiences with Soyang-type patients and their influence on his conceptualization of the Soyang physiology and pathology. 2. Methods: 1) The case reports in "Soyang constitutional type: Spleen Cold-based Exterior-Cold disease" were compared before and after the Sinchuk revision to explore the temporal change in the Sasang medical concepts. 2) The texts in Donguisusebowon (Gabo edition) and Donguisusebowon (Sasangchobongwon) were analyzed to investigate the pathological concepts appearing before the completion of the Donguisusebowon (Gabo edition). 3) The texts in Donguisusebowon (Sinchuk edition) was analyzed to investigate the pathological concepts formed between the Gabo and Sinchuk editions of Donguisusebowon. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) Gabo edition : The Gabo edition divided the External-origin Exterior disease into Cold-dominant (Heat-moderate) and Heat-dominant (Cold-moderate) patterns and differentiated the severity of Exterior-based Exterior disease and Interior-based Interior disease into mild, moderate, severe, and critical conditions. Cold-damage Delirium disease pattern was categorized as an Interior-based Interior disease, and the treatment protocol using Baekho-tang (Baihu-tang) was established. The stool condition and bowel movement reflecting the patient's defecation habits, the prime indicator of health in the Soyang constitutional type, were emphasized on their importance. 2) Sinchuk edition: The Delirium disease pattern was moved into the Exterior-cold disease, and the treatment protocol applying Jihwangbaekho-tang (Dihuangbaihu-tang) and Hyeongbangsabaek-san (Jingfangxiebai-san), with variational usage of Gypsum, was newly established. The Seong-Jeong and basal disease patterns were suggested as important factors in treating the patients. Also, it was proposed that the symptoms and signs reflecting the condition of the life-preserving energy be assessed to understand the patient's current condition. The importance of post-acute rehabilitation and aftercare as well as the most appropriate acute-stage treatment were emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on blood and tissue lipids of adult rats fed a high fat diet with or without supplemental cholesterol for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets containing 18%(w/w) beef tallow and three levels of calcium 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%. The contents of total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in blood, liver, small intestine, aorta, small intestinal contents and feces were determined. Only in rats fed the diets containing 1% cholesterol the concentration of cholesterol in aortic serum and various tissues significantly increased, and then decreased with increasing dietary calcium intake. Another observation was that high Ca intake significantly facilitated the fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion and bowel movement. These results suggest that possible hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary calcium could be related to the hypercholesterolemia and to the increase in excretion of fecal lipid and cholesterol.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.237-241
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• 2012

Colonic transit time plays an important role in creating a disease category and treatment plan in patients with chronic constipation or bowel movement problem. The aim of this study is to establish normal colon transit time using Kolomark, a radiopaque marker in dogs. The transit time of Kolomark in colon was measured every 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 hours in 11 healthy Beagle dogs with oral administration of the marker. Kolomark began to appear in colon after 4 hours from administration and the largest number of Kolomark in colon was observed after 12 hours. Then, after 24 hours, some quantity of Kolomark was found but Kolomarks were all eliminated from the colon after 48 hours. The mean emptying time of Kolomark was 28.36 hours. Based on this study, the normal range of colon transit time in dogs was established by using the Kolomark, and it could be used as reference data for objective evaluation of constipation in canine patients.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 2011

There are not a few cases in Oriental medicine where a different prescription should be given to some of the patients whose symptoms are similar to each other. In other words, there might happen a misdiagnosis due to an extremely delicate difference in symptoms of the same diseases, causing a patient's condition to get worse or to be even on the brink of death. In such a context, the records in "WooJam JabJeo(愚岑雜著)" are worthwhile to do in-depth research on. Jang-Taegyung described his first-hand experience in major medical treatment very vivaciously during his ages between 25 and 42. Particularly, most of the prescriptions recorded in this book include not only his empirical prescriptions on the patients who life was almost on the brink of death but it also so plentifully contained the process of overcoming the side effect caused by other clinics' misdiagnosis; thus, that this book is drawing attention in that it could be indispensable materials not only in the research on medical history but also for clinical treatment. Particularly, as regards two cases of insanity, this book mentions the reason for using totally different prescription on one case from the other case even though the two cases had a similar symptom, through which we can acquire somewhat concrete experience in curing scenes though indirectly during the period of the Joseon Dynasty. We were able to get the result from the analysis of the two cases of insanity as follows: 1. WooJam, in treating the two cases of insanity due to the severe exacerbation of yang energy, managed to treat the one case by inducing a bowel movement and the other case by inducing urination. Such a different treatment seems to be greatly attributable to the constitutional factor of the two patients. Such an Oriental-medicine-based method of diagnosis and prescription as WooJam's is rarely found in Western medicine-i.e., that's why more thorough research on Oriental medicine is deeply required. 2. In case of the second patient, the patient arrived at insanity due to another clinic's treatment on perspiration on the patient with severe mouth thirst. This medical story once again highlights the importance of a diagnosis in today's Oriental medicine and at the same time it's a good example showing how big the side effect caused by the abuse of medicinal herbs is. The second patient's body fluids ran dry and finally his yang energy got exacerbated all the more due to the treatment by perspiration.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2006

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber supplementation with snack type on functional constipation. We conducted a double blind case-control study with 3 groups; placebo, low dose group (LD: insoluble fiber 7 g/d + soluble fiber 1.2 g/d) and high dose group (HD: insoluble fiber 14 g/d + soluble fiber 2.4 g/d) , which were randomly assigned out of subjects with functional constipation, defined by modified Rome II criteria. We measured anthropometric parameters and evaluated the bowel movement frequency, stool type, straining, sense of complete evacuation, abdominal discomfort/pain, abdominal inflation, relief and colon transit time before, during the supplementation. Both LD and HD groups had significant improvement in straining, sense of complete evacuation and satisfactory relief compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). When subdivide by baseline colon transit time (less than 24 hrs/ 24 hrs or more and less than 72 hrs / 72 hrs or more), only HD group had significantly improvement; colon transit time recovered near by 24 hrs in subjects of 'less than 24 hrs' (from $7.57{\pm}1.40$ hrs to $25.2{\pm}3.91$ hrs, p < 0.01) and reduced in those of '24hr or more and less than 72 hr' (from $47.0{\pm}3.36$ hrs to $31.3{\pm}4.31$ hrs, p < 0.01) and '72 hr or more' (from $106.7{\pm}10.7$ hrs to $85.0{\pm}13.1$ hrs, P < 0.05) subjects. Particularly, positive effect of fiber supplementation on straining and sense of complete evacuation in test groups seemed to be greater in subjects of '24 hrs or less' and '24 hrs or more and less' than 72 hrs' than those of '72 hrs or more'. In conclusion, subjects with functional constipation, particularly those having colon transit time less than 72 hrs can significantly improve, at least in part, symptom related to constipation by fiber supplementation of snack type without serious side effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Sargassum confusum extracts on the reduction of body fat for eight weeks in overweight women ($BMI{\geq_-}23kg/m^2$). Methods: Subjects were classified by double-blind randomized trial as the control group (C group, n = 14) and the Sargassum confusum extract supplementation group (SC group, n = 16), which consumed 12 tablets per day. Questionnaires related to their health status were assessed twice (week 0 and week 8). Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-recall method and body compositions were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. In addition, we assessed the anti-obesity effect and the occurrence possibility of health risk factors during the supplementation periods by hematological and clinical analysis of blood. Results: Waist circumference and body fat (%) were significantly decreased in the SC group. Serum leptin level was also significantly decreased in the SC group. Defecation frequency was significantly increased in the SC group. The above results indicate that Sargassum confusum extract supplementation improves overweight on visceral fat and blood leptin level by increasing bowel movement. These results imply a decrease of health risk factors in overweight women. Seven subjects withdrew from the study due to adverse events; however, no differences regarding adverse events were observed between the control and treatment group. Conclusion: Therefore, Sargassum confusum extract is a plausible effective agent for body fat reduction in humans.