• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1331-1341
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• 2001

Dairy cows are prone to fatty liver during the time of periparturient. Despite of the extensive studies, etiology and solutions for fatty liver are still not well known.The liver synthesizes triglycerides (TG) using precursors from bloodstream and secretes TG in form of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) into bloodstream for the utilization by peripheral tissues. When the amount of TG synthesis exceeds the amount of secretion in VLDL-TG, TG accumulation within the liver occurs. Hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion involve multi-biochemical events.The availabilities of apolipoprotein B (apoB), E (apoE), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and soluble low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor are now believed to be some of the main regulators for hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion. Studies in transgenic animals show that overexpression of these proteins stimulates VLDL production and secretion, which provides a possibility for alleviating bovine fatty liver by gene therapy. However, many problems remain to be solved to attain this goal. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion, and the possibilities and problems of applying the knowledges to solve bovine fatty liver by gene therapy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.232-237
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• 2009

The expression of SGLT-1 mRNA has been reported in the small intestine of mammals and the rectum of chickens. However, the expression and functional significance of SGLT-1 in bovine rectum is not known. In this study, we studied the effects of fasting and grazing on SGLT-1 gene expression in biopsy epithelial tissue of bovine rectum. In Japanese Black beef cattle, i) SGLT-1 gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in the biopsy rectal epithelia samples obtained through an endoscope, ii) SGLT-1 gene expression in the rectal epithelial tissues increased at 48 and 72 h after fasting correlating with a decrease in body weight. iii) SGLT-1 gene expression decreased after one month from the start of grazing (May to June) and then stabilized until the end of the grazing period (June to October) in the rectal epithelial tissues of grazing cattle. In conclusion, it is clear that SGLT-1 gene expression in the rectal epithelial tissue is increased by a restricted dietary condition.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.506-510
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• 1999

The newly-found thiol peroxidases (TPx) with a conserved cysteine as the primary site of catalysis are capable of catalyzing the thiol-dependent reduction of peroxides. However, the cellular distributions of the isoforms remain poorly understood. As a first step in understanding the physiological functions of the TPx isoforms, we examined the cellular and tissue distribution of the isoenzymes in various bovine tissues. The tissue distributions of TPx isoenzymes indicate that two types of TPx are widely distributed throughout all of the tested tissues. These two forms are the predominant proteins, with levels of the proteins being quite different from each other. The level of predominant TPx proteins, named type II (TPx II) and type V (TPx V), appeared to be very different with respect to tissue type. The cellular distribution and level of TPx isoenzymes also varied with the types of cells. Immunoblot analysis of the mitochondrial and cytosol fractions from various tissues indicates that TPx III is a unique mitochondrial form. Based on the different tissue and cellular distribution of TPx isoenzymes, we discuss the physiological function of TPx isoenzymes, especially the ubiquitous TPx II.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2021

The skeletal muscle development of Hanwoo steer has been processed in the prenatal and postnatal periods. Bovine satellite cell located in perimysium of muscle tissues has differentially distributed in peripheral tissues. The study of postnatal development of satellite cells can help understand the genetic and functional regulation of meat characteristics. Factors affecting muscle size increase are related to the accumulation of DNA or synthesis of RNA proteins. In this study, we observed muscle development and differentiation after culturing bovine satellite cells derived from longissimus dorsi and semimembranosus regions of Hanwoo muscle tissue. In addition, RNA sequencing data were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEG) involved in intracellular muscle development and growth. The DEG of the two muscle tissues were compared according to 1day, 2day, 4day, and 7day. The overall gene expression level was confirmed by the heat map. Gene Ontology (GO) classification method was used to compare the expression level of gene groups affecting LD and SM development. The histology of GO was consistent with the time-cause change of LD and SM cell morphology. SM showed more active skeletal muscle development than LD. Even within the same time, SM expressed more genes than LD, thus synthesizing more muscle fibers

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.138-147
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• 1999

Detection and distribution of bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) was studied in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from two naturally infected cattle by in situ hybridization with a non-radioactive biotinylated probe. A 600 base pair cDNA probe from BVDV B-25 strain was used for probe. The whole procedure of ISH to diagnose was carried out within 1~2 hours in $Microprobe^{TM}$ capillary action system. The biotin-labelled probe was demonstrated after hybridization under standard conditions by the application of streptoavidin and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase was visualized using a fast red TR/naphthol phosphatase and the sections were counterstained with hematoxylin. We have obtained the result of positive reactions in digestive tract(sm1.all intestine and colon) and epidermis of tongue in the state of the intact tissues. The result suggested that in situ hybridization method can be considered as a useful diagnostic technique for detection of specific nucleic acid sequences of BVDV.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2000

Many synthetic bone materials have been studied for their potential of regenerative effects in periodontal tissue. Safflower seeds have been traditionally used as a drug for the treatment of fracture and blood stasis in oriental medicines. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the osseous responses in rat calvarial defects between bone substitutes such as calcium carbonate and bovine-derived hydroxyapatite and feeding of safflower seeds. The calvarial defects were made with 8 mm trephine bur in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats. Two graft materials were implanted in each experimental groups, whereas the control and safflower seed feeding groups were sutured without any other treatment. And then the rats of safflower seed feeding group were supplied with 3 g/day of safflower seeds. Each group was sacrificed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks. To study a histopathology related to bone healing and regeneration, Goldner's Masson Trichrome stain was done at each weeks. The tissue response was evaluated under light microscope. There were more osteoblastic activity, new bone formation, dense bony connective tissues in bovine-derived hydroxyapatite group compared to other groups at 8 weeks. The osseous defect area of safflower seed feeding group was filled with prominent fibrous tissues, where less inflammatory infiltration and new capillary proliferation. In the early phase of bone healing, safflower seed feeding reduces the inflammatory response and promotes the proliferation of connective tissue. These results suggest that natural bovine-derived HA and safflower seed feeding could enhance the regenerative potential in periodontal defects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1670-1674
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• 2001

To understand molecular mechanisms that regulate deposition and release of intramuscular fat, a fasting-induced clone was identified by differential screening from cDNA library of adipose tissues of Korean cattle. The clone had a total length of 1,319 nucleotides coding for 334 amino acids. It was identified as one encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase H chain (LDH-B). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of bovine LDH-B with those of pig, human, rat, and mouse showed 98%, 98%, 97%, and 96% identity, respectively. Food deprivation for 48 h increased mRNA levels of LDH-B gene in adipose tissues of Korean cattle compared to fed- and 6 h refed- tissues. The expression of obese mRNA was examined for individual adipose tissue from several fat depots. Fasting induced expression of LDH-B gene in subcutaneous adipose tissues, but it did not affect expression levels in abdominal, perirenal and intramuscular tissues. Results demonstrate that induction of LDH-B gene during fasting may represent a metabolic shift from anaerobic state to aerobic predominance in fasted adipose tissues and that its responses to fasting are different among several adipose tissues.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.806-813
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• 2010

Animal bioreactors have been regarded as alternative tools for the production of limited human therapeutic proteins. The mammary glands of cattle are optimal tissues to produce therapeutic proteins that cannot be produced in large amounts in traditional systems based on microorganisms and eukaryotic cells. In this study, two knock-in vectors, pBCTPOKI-6 and pBCTPOKI-10, which target the hTPO gene on the bovine beta-casein locus, were designed to develop cloned transgenic cattle. The pBCTPOKI-6 and pBCTPOKI-10 vectors expressed hTPO protein in culture medium at a concentration of 774 pg/ml and 1,867 pg/ml, respectively. Successfully, two targeted cell clones were obtained from the bovine fibroblasts transfected with the pBCTPOKI-6 vector. Cloned embryos reconstructed with the targeted nuclei showed a lower in vitro developmental competence than those with the wild-type nuclei. After transfer of the cloned embryos into recipients, 7 pregnancies were detected at 40 to 60 days of gestation, but failed to develop to term. The results are the first trial for targeting of a human gene on the bovine milk protein gene locus, providing the potential for a large-scale production of therapeutic proteins in the animal bioreactor system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this report is to investigate the efficacy of anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) at maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Materials and methods: Two male patients who missed maxillary posterior teeth were included. They were performed maxillary sinus floor augmentation using anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$). After 10 or 13 months, the regenerated tissues were harvested using trephine drills with 2 or 4mm diameter and non-decalcified specimens were made. The specimens were examined histologically and histomorphometrically to investigate graft resorption and new bone formation. Results: Newly formed bone was in contact with Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ particles directly without any gap between the bone and the particles. The proportions of newly formed bone were $23.4{\sim}25.3%$ in patient 1(Pt.1) and 28.8% in patient 2(Pt.2). And the proportions of remained Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$ were $29.7{\sim}30.2%$ in Pt.1 and 29.2% in Pt.2. The fixtures installed at augmented area showed good stability and the augmented bone height was maintained well. Conclusion: Anorganic bovine bone xenograft(Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) has high osteoconductivity and helps new bone formation, so that it can be used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

This study was to investigate effect of progesterone ($P_4$) on prostaglandin (PG) synthases and plasminogen activators (PAs) system in bovine endometrium during estrous cycle. Endometrium tissues were collected from bovine uterus on follicular and luteal phase and were incubated with culture medium containing 0 (Control), 0.2, 2, 20 and 200 ng/ml $P_4$ for 24 h. The $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ synthase (PGFS), $PGE_2$ synthase (PGES), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), urokinase PA (uPA), and PA inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) mRNA in bovine endometrium were analyzed using reverse transcription PCR and PA activity was measured using spectrophotometry. In results, COX-2 was higher at 2 ng/ml $P_4$ group than control group in luteal phase (p<0.05), but, it did not change in follicular phase. Contrastively, PGES was significantly increased in 2 ng/ml $P_4$ group compared to control group in follicular phase, but there were no significant differ among the treatments in luteal phase. uPA was no significant difference between $P_4$ treatment groups and control group in both of different phase. PAI-1 was decreased in 20 ng/ml $P_4$ group compared to control group in follicular phase (p<0.05). PA activity was decreased in 2 ng/ml $P_4$ group compared to other groups in follicular and luteal phase (p<0.05). In conclusion, we suggest that $P_4$ may influence to translation and post-translation process of PG production and PA activation in bovine endometrium.