• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.570-575
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• 2002

Effects of active immunization against native 14-mer somatostatin (SRIF, somatotropin releasing inhibiting factor) and its two 14-mer-somatostatin analogues on the milk production in rat mammary cells were studied. Native SRIF, Tyr11-somatostatin (Tyr11-SRIF), and D-Trp8, D-Cys14-somatostatin (Trp8Cys14-SRIF) were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) for immunogen preparation. Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and immunized against saline (Control), SRIF, Tyr11-SRIF, and Trp8Cys14-SRIF at five weeks of age. Booster immunizations were performed at 7, 9, and 11 weeks of age. SRIFimmunized rats were mated at 10 weeks of age. The blood and mammary glands were collected at day 15 post-pregnancy and -lactation. To measure the amount of milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland, mammary cells isolated from the pregnant and the lactating rats, were cultured in the presence of $^3H$-lysine. No significant differences in growth performance, concentration of growth hormone in the circulation, and the amount of milk protein synthesis were observed among the groups. Inductive levels of serum anti-SRIF antibody in the SRIF and Tyr11-SRIF groups but not in the Trp8Cys14-SRIF group, were significantly higher than that of the control group during the pregnancy and lactation periods. The result suggests that active immunization against native 14-mer SRIF and Tyr11-SRIF was able to induce anti-SRIF antibodies, but did not affect the milk protein synthesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1261-1267
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• 2010

Milk production traits are important economic traits for dairy cattle. The aim of the present study was to refine the position of previously detected quantitative trait loci (QTL) on bovine chromosome 6 affecting milk production traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cattle. A daughter design with 918 daughters from 8 elite sire families and 14 markers spanning the previously identified QTL region were used in the analysis. We employed a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) approach with two options for calculating the IBD probabilities, one was based on haplotypes of all 14 markers (named Method 1) and the other based on haplotypes with sliding windows of 5 markers (named Method 2). For milk fat yield, the two methods revealed a highly significant QTL located within a 6.5 cM interval (Method 1) and a 4.0 cM interval (Method 2), respectively. For milk protein yield, a highly significant QTL was detected within a 3.0 cM interval (Method 1) or a 2.5 cM interval (Method 2). These results confirmed the findings of our previous study and other studies, and greatly narrowed down the QTL positions.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2002

This study was carried out to determine the blood and milk progesterone by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) in cows. MUN and protein concentration were determined using automated infared procedures. The optimum conditions of ELISA system was investigated including the first and second antibody titres, bound percent, and enzyme conjugate and also the factors on MUN and protein concentration by sampling procedures and addition of preservatives. Progesterone antibodies did not react to pregnenlone, testosterone, estrone, estradiol-l7$\beta$, aldosterone, cortisol, corticosterone and 11$\alpha$-dehydroxycortisone (DOC), but reacted with only progesterone. The intra and inter-assay coefficient of variation 4.5%, 6.1~9.4% when used of bovine serum. The morning, MUN concentration (17.6$\pm$2.8 mg/100 ml) in the 13 herds was similar to that of evening MUN concentration of the lactating cows from the same herd. A significant relationship between morning and evening milk samples of upper parameters was found r=0.93. Difference in MUN concentration with sampling procedures and using of preservatives were investigated.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2012

Since the prevalence of allergies is increasing, food allergy is a major concern for consumers, as well as for the food industry. The foods that account for over 90% of all moderate to severe allergic reactions to food are milk, eggs, peanuts, soybeans, fish, shellfish, wheat, and tree nuts. Of these food allergens, milk is one of the major animal food allergens in infants and young children. Milk is the first food that an infant is exposed to; therefore, the sensitization rate of milk in sensitive individuals is understandably higher. The mechanisms involved in allergic reactions caused by this hypersensitivity are similar to those of other immune-mediated allergic reactions. The reactions occur in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and respiratory tract, with headaches and psychological disorders occurring in some instances. The major allergenic proteins in milk are casein, ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, and ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin, while some of the minor allergenic proteins are lactoferrin, bovine serum albumin, and immunoglobulin. Reliable allergen detection and quantification are essential for compliance with food allergen-labeling regulations, which protect the consumer and facilitate international trade.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2006

There has been a successful re-entry in the form of infant foods and as a product concept of "well-being" milk by feeding goat natural medicinal plants in high mountain lands and goats eating natural feeds. Typical composition of cow's milk and goat's milk are not significantly differ in major nutritional constituents. However, the noticeable differences between milks of the bovine and caprine species concern in the dimensions of the micelles, in casein composition, in size of the micelles and in the mineral charge of the micelle, but the ratio Ca/Pi in the micelle is very close for the two species The potential market in Korea could be expected to expand by keeping its freshness and nutritional benefits. The supply of goat milk products all year around is also an important to the consumers. In order to increase its market scale of goat milk, product manufacturers need extensive advertising promotion. Domestically, goat milk is currently manufactured at small scale dairy goat milk companies and consumed mainly in the form of fresh or fermented goat milk, while imported goat milk powder is used to produce infant goat milk formula by major dairy companies. Decreasing the unpleasant goaty flavour for the Korean consumers would be essential for the researchers who work for dairy science and technology.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 1975

A total of 2,065 quarter milk samples of 534 dair cows from 35 herds were examined for mastis and the results obtained were as follows: 1. 654 quarters (31.6%) of 301 dairy cows (56.3%) from 34 herds (97.1%) were infected with mastitis. It was found that 8 cows (1.5%) showed clinical mastitis and other cows were subclinical. 2. Low infection rate of mastis was shown in first delivery cattle and higher infection rate in more deliverable of cattle. 3. The main causative organisms of the matitis were Staphylococcus aureus (19.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae (11.3%) and Streptococcus dysgalatiae (5%). 4. The majority of causative organisms were very resistant to colistin and highly sensitive to tetracycline. Especially Streptococcus strains were highly sensitive to leukomycin, and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to tetracycline and the other bacteria were highly sensitive to tetracycline and kanamycin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.543-545
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• 2010

Apo, holo, native-type of lactoferrin showed a similar pattern of circular dichroism(CD) spectra. Lactoferrin appeared to interact more easily with negatively charged liposome than neutral liposome. Holo-type of lactoferrin showed the highest degree of leakage, whereas apo-type of lactoferrin showed the lowest level of leakage. Holo-type lactoferrin could more easily interact with phospholipid liposomes than apo-type lactoferrin, when used as an artificial membrane.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1980

This experiment was undertaken to determine the causative agent of bovine mastitis induced by yeast-like fungi and to know its therapeutic effect. California mastitis test, somatic cell counting and pH titration as well as cultural examination were performed continuously for the quarter milk and the feces obtained from the diseased cattle from November, 1979 to February, 1980. As a result, the causative agent was identified as Candida krusei and intramammary infusion of Nystatin was effective in the udder. Candida krusei was isolated from the feces.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 1984

The in vitro activity of penicillins(penicillin G, ampicillin, carbenicillin, methicillin and cloxacillin) and gentamicin to Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples was determined. The growth of all isolates of staphylococci tested was inhibited by cloxacillin and methicillin at a concentration of $0.78{\mu}g/ml$ and by gentamicin at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of $1.56{\mu}g/ml$. Of the 140 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated 99(70.7%) gave positive reactions for penicillinase on the starch-iodine test. Of 121 isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 58(47.9%) showed penicillinase production, but all the Staph. xylosus lacked the ability to produce penicillinase. MIC of penicillin G of the penicillinase-positive strains was $0.2{\mu}g/ml$ or more. The combination of cloxacillin with gentamicin showed a synergistic effect by inhibiting regrowth of the tested organism.